ASTM D4211-1982(2012) Classification for Fish Sampling《鱼样的分类》.pdf

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1、Designation: D4211 82 (Reapproved 2012)Classification forFish Sampling1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4211; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses in

2、dicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This classification covers rotenone and antimycin whichare used to collect or eradicate fish; numerous chemicals havebeen used but presently only rotenone and

3、antimycin are EPAapproved for this use.2. Referenced Document2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4131 Practice for Sampling Fish with Rotenone3. Significance and Use3.1 The significance of using chemical fish toxicants is thatmore complete population analyses or total eradication, orboth, can be accomplished. Targ

4、et species can be selectivelyeradicated by varying concentrations. This provides a veryeffective tool in fisheries investigations and managementprograms. Water conditions (that is, pH, temperature,alkalinity, and so forth) and morphology can be limitingfactors.3.2 RotenoneRotenone used as a fish tox

5、icant is highlyversatile and can be used effectively to collect fish samples; toeradicate fish; and to selectively remove certain fish species.3.2.1 Its effectiveness is reduced in cold 20C, and dosagerequired increases with alkalinities. It may also eliminate foodweb organisms. Fish may be repulsed

6、 from treated areas.3.3 AntimycinAntimycin is versatile in the selective re-moval of scalefish or even more selectively against certaincentrarchids (sunfish) and minnows.3.3.1 Its effectiveness is reduced in water with pH above8.5.4. Basis of Classification4.1 EPA-Approved Fish Toxicants.4.1.1 Roten

7、oneThis fish toxicant is also known as derrisor cube and is derived from roots of several plants of the familyLeguminosae. Its action mode as a powerful respiratory inhibi-tor in fish starts with entrance into the blood stream via the gillsand then by translocation to vital organs. Formulations are

8、inthe following general forms: a liquid containing 5 % rotenone,liquid with 2.5 % rotenone and synergists, and wettable pow-der. Persistence in the environment is seldom more than twoweeks although it may remain longer in very cold, soft water.4.1.2 AntimycinThis fish-toxicant is an antibiotic pro-d

9、uced by Streptomyces and is known as Fintrol 5, Fintrol15, and Fintrol-Concentrate. The Fintrol 5 and 15 arecoated sand-like grains for use in waters 5 to 15 ft (1.52 to 4.57m) deep. The Fintrol-Concentrate is a liquid for use instreams or shallow waters. Antimycin is effective in smallconcentration

10、s (5 ppb) and enters fish through the gills toirreversibly block cellular respiration. It is nonpersistent in theenvironment.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are ex

11、pressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revi

12、sed, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you ma

13、y attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United Sta

14、tes. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be

15、 secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).1This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E47 onBiological Effects and Environmental Fate and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E47.01 on Aquatic Assessment and Toxicology.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012.

16、 Published December 2012. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D4211 82 (2004).DOI: 10.1520/D4211-82R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1