ASTM D2980-2017e1 Standard Test Method for Saturated Density Moisture-Holding Capacity and Porosity of Saturated Peat Materials《饱和泥炭材料的饱和密度、保水能力和孔隙度的标准试验方法》.pdf
《ASTM D2980-2017e1 Standard Test Method for Saturated Density Moisture-Holding Capacity and Porosity of Saturated Peat Materials《饱和泥炭材料的饱和密度、保水能力和孔隙度的标准试验方法》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM D2980-2017e1 Standard Test Method for Saturated Density Moisture-Holding Capacity and Porosity of Saturated Peat Materials《饱和泥炭材料的饱和密度、保水能力和孔隙度的标准试验方法》.pdf(4页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: D2980 171Standard Test Method forSaturated Density, Moisture-Holding Capacity, and Porosityof Saturated Peat Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2980; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorially updated units of measurement statement in April 2018.1. Scope*1.1 This test method was design
3、ed to evaluate the aeration,water penetration, and water retention properties of peat underfield conditions of water saturation by measurement of thesaturated density, the moisture holding capacity, and theporosity.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in
4、parentheses after SI units areprovided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or c
5、alculated in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard. In addition, they are representative of thesignificant digits that generally should be retained. The proce-dures used do not consider material variation, purpose forobtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider-ations fo
6、r the users objectives; and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scopeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analysismethods for engineering design1.4 This standard does not purpo
7、rt to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard
8、 was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Refer
9、enced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD2974 Test Methods for Moisture, Ash, and Organic Matterof Peat and Other Organic SoilsD3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock asUsed in En
10、gineering Design and ConstructionD4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal-ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in GeotechnicalDataE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves
11、3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For common definitions of common terms in thisstandard, refer to Terminology D653.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test method sets up standardized conditions formeasuring the volume and mass of saturated peat. From thesedata, saturated volume, mass, moisture-hold
12、ing capacity (on amass and volume basis), dry peat volumes, and porosity can bedetermined.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method measures the air-filled spaces (poros-ity) and the moisture-holding capacity of peat on both a massand a volume basis under conditions of saturation. If large1This te
13、st method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.22 on Media for PlantGrowth.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2017. Published February 2017. Originallyapproved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D2980 04(201
14、0).DOI: 10.1520/D2980-17E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section app
15、ears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Princi
16、ples for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1spaces are present, water and air can penetrate easily. If spacesare smaller, the water holding capacity is increased. Waterholding capac
17、ity is larger in humified peat materials (smallinter-particulate spaces) (sapric soil), whereas water and air-penetration is larger in unhumified peat (larger inter-particulatespaces) (fibric soil). The spaces can also be an indication of theoxygen available to the plant roots.As such, the interplay
18、 of theproperties of moisture holding capacity and porosity dictate thebest use of the harvested organic soil material as well as thebest management practices for organic soils. The moistureretention relationships of these soils are critical to decisionsinvolving irrigation, drainage, and bearing ca
19、pacity of thesesoil.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this standard isdependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objec
20、tive testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard arecautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assurereliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.5.2 Water retention values are particul
21、arly important in themanagement of organic soils. There is much confusion in theliterature about the moisture retention values being expressedin various bases; as a percent by volume; as a percent of ovendry mass; or as the percent of the wet mass. In somemanagement decisions, it is necessary to exp
22、ress the watercontents of organic soils on a volume basis because of theirvaried bulk densities, but because of the volume reductionoccurring on drying, the water contents must also be expressedon a wet volume basis as collected in the field. Whereas, inother management decisions, moisture retention
23、 values are bestexpressed on a dry mass basis. For example, the difference inmass between the wet and oven dry sample is the moistureheld. These values are best expressed on a dry mass basis.Water holding capacities show a marked difference due to thedegree of decomposition in an organic soil. The m
24、ass of waterin fibric soil may be as much as 20 times the mass of the solidparticles, whereas that held in a sapric soil contains less thantwice the mass. If the water holding capacity is expressed on avolume basis these differences are much less apparent.6. Apparatus6.1 Dispensing Apparatus:6.1.1 T
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