ASTM D979 D979M-2015 Standard Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures《沥青铺设混合料的标准实施规程》.pdf

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1、Designation: D979/D979M 15Standard Practice forSampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D979/D979M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number

2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers sampling of bituminous pavingmixtur

3、es at points of manufacture, storage, delivery, or inplace.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningval

4、ues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine t

5、he applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D2041 Test Method for Theoretical Maximum SpecificGravity and Density of Bituminous Paving MixturesD2234/D2234M Practice for Collection of a Gross Sampleof CoalD2726 Test Method for Bulk Specific Grav

6、ity and Densityof Non-Absorptive Compacted Bituminous MixturesD3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction Ma-terialsD5361 Practice for Sampling Compacted Bituminous Mix-tures for Laboratory TestingD5444 Test Method for Mechanical Size Analysis of Ex-tracted AggregateD6307 Test Method for Asph

7、alt Content of Hot-Mix Asphaltby Ignition MethodD6925 Test Method for Preparation and Determination ofthe Relative Density of Asphalt Mix Specimens by Meansof the Superpave Gyratory CompactorD6926 Practice for Preparation of Bituminous SpecimensUsing Marshall ApparatusD6927 Test Method for Marshall

8、Stability and Flow ofAsphalt MixturesE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate, WithSpecified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of aLot or ProcessE141 Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on theResults of Probability Sampl

9、ing2.2 AASHTO Standard:3R47Standard Practice for Reducing Samples of Hot MixAsphalt (HMA) to Testing Size3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 field sample, na quantity of the material to be testedof sufficient size to provide an acceptable estimate of theaverage qua

10、lity of a unit.3.1.2 increment, npart of a sample.3.1.3 lot, na sizable isolated quantity of bulk materialfrom a single source, assumed to have been produced by thesame process (for example, a days production or a specificmass or volume).3.1.4 test portion, na quantity of the material of sufficients

11、ize extracted from the larger field sample by a proceduredesigned to ensure accurate representation of the field sample,and thus of the unit sampled.3.1.5 unit, na batch or finite subdivision of a lot of bulkmaterial (for example, a truck load or a specific area covered).4. Significance and Use4.1 G

12、eneral:1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road andPaving Materials and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.30 onMethods of Sampling.Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published August 2015. Originallyapproved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in

13、 2012 as D979/D979M 12.DOI: 10.1520/D0979_D0979M-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Availabl

14、e from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.1 Sampling is

15、equally as important as the testing, andthe sampler shall take every precaution to obtain samples thatwill yield an acceptable estimate of the nature and conditionsof the materials which they represent.4.1.2 Samples for the development of preliminary data areobtained by the party responsible for the

16、 development of thedata. Samples for control of the product at the source ofmanufacture or storage, or at the site of use, are obtained by themanufacturer, contractor, or other parties responsible for ac-complishing the work. Samples for tests to be used in accep-tance or rejection decisions by the

17、purchaser are obtained bythe purchaser or his authorized representative.4.1.3 This standard shall not be used for the sampling ofcompacted bituminous paving mixtures. Practice D5361 shallbe used.5. Apparatus5.1 ContainerA bucket, pan, box, or other vessel of asufficient size to contain the sample.5.

18、2 Release AgentA non-stick product that promotes aneasy separation of the bituminous paving mixture from thesampling tools without degrading the material being sampled.5.3 Sampling ToolAshovel, scoop, or other device used toobtain samples.5.4 Truck Sampling Device (optional)A mechanical appa-ratus t

19、hat enables the user to retrieve material from the bed ofa truck without standing in the bed of the truck. An example ofone type of truck sampling device is shown in Fig. 1.6. Procedure6.1 InspectionThe material shall be inspected to deter-mine discernible variations. The seller shall provide equipm

20、entneeded for safe and appropriate inspection and sampling.6.2 Release AgentsThe user and producer of the bitumi-nous paving mixtures must mutually agree upon the use of arelease agent. If used, the approved release agent shall belightly applied to the sampling tools and truck sampling device.Diesel

21、 fuel shall not be used.6.3 SamplingThe procedures for selecting locations ortimes for sampling are described in Practice D3665.6.3.1 Sampling from a Conveyor BeltStop the conveyorbelt. Randomly select at least three areas of approximatelyequal size on the belt for sampling. In each of the locations

22、 tobe sampled, insert templates, the shape of which conform to theshape of the belt. From the selected areas obtain approximatelyequal increments of material which will form a sample whosequantity equals or exceeds the minimum recommended in6.4.2. Carefully scoop all material between templates into

23、asuitable container.6.3.2 Sampling from Truck TransportsBy a randommethod, select the units to be sampled from the production ofmaterials delivered. Obtain at least three approximately equalincrements. Avoid sampling the extreme top surface. Select atrandom from the unit being sampled and combine to

24、 form afield sample whose quantity equals or exceeds the minimumrecommended in 6.4.2. The sample may be obtained bycollecting the increments with a truck sampling device, scoop,or shovel.NOTE 1Users should refer to the manufacturers instructions to learnhow to properly operate and maintain a truck s

25、ampling device, if used.6.3.3 Sampling from the Roadway Prior to CompactionWhen only one sample is to be taken, obtain at least threeapproximately equal increments, selected at random from theunit being sampled, and combine to form a field sample whosequantity equals or exceeds the minimum recommend

26、ed in6.4.2.6.3.3.1 When three or more samples are to be taken in orderto evaluate a lot of material, utilize a random method todetermine the locations to be sampled. Select a sample,consisting of approximately three equal increments, from eachlocation, assuring the quantity of each sample exceeds th

27、eminimum recommended in 6.4.2.6.3.3.2 Take all increments or samples from the roadway forthe full depth of the material, taking care to exclude anyunderlying material. When necessary, place templates on theexisting roadway to exclude any underlying material. Clearlymark the specified area from which

28、 each increment or sampleis to be removed. Templates which are placed before themixture is spread will be a definite aid securing increments ofapproximately equal mass.6.3.4 Sampling from a Skip Conveyor Delivering Mixture toBin StorageSelect the units to be sampled from the skipconveyor by a random

29、 method based on the bins storagecapacity. Stop the skip conveyor immediately following pugmill discharge. Dig a furrow 150 mm 6 in. in depth extendingfrom the top to the bottom of the pile. Obtain three approxi-mately equal increments from the top, middle, and bottom ofthe furrow depositing each in

30、crement in a container. Thecombined increments should form a field sample whosequantity equals or exceeds the minimum recommended in6.4.2.6.3.5 Sampling from a Funnel Device Feeding a Conveyorfor Mixture Delivery to StorageSelect the units to be sampledFIG. 1 Example of One Type of Truck Sampling De

31、viceD979/D979M 152from the funnel device by a random method based on the binsmaximum storage capacity. Obtain at least three approximatelyequal increments of material for each sample by passing abucket or pan or other suitable container across the full flow ofmaterials as it drops from the funnel de

32、vice onto the conveyor.The combined portions should form a field sample whosequantity equals or exceeds the minimum recommended in6.4.2.6.3.6 Sampling from Bituminous Cold Mix StockpilesColdmixes that are in a stockpile for some time may develop a cruston the surface of the pile. This crust should b

33、e removed to adepth of 100 mm, over an area of one square meter, to exposethe unweathered mix. Stir the exposed stockpile and obtainthree approximately equal samples selected at random from theunit being sampled, and combine to form a field sample whosequantity equals or exceeds the minimum recommen

34、ded in6.4.2.6.3.6.1 When three or more samples are to be taken, samplein accordance with 6.3.3.1.6.4 Number and Quantities of Field Samples:6.4.1 The number of field samples (obtained by one of themethods described in 6.3) required depends on the criticalityof, and variation in, the properties to be

35、 measured. Designateeach unit from which a field sample is to be obtained prior tosampling. The number of field samples from the productionshould be sufficient to give the desired confidence in testresults.NOTE 2Guidance for determining the number of samples required toobtain the desired level of co

36、nfidence in test results may be found inPractices D2234/D2234M, E105, E122, and E141.NOTE 3The unit to be represented by a single field sample should notbe so large as to mask the effects of significant variability within the unit.Nor should a unit be so small as to be affected by the inherent varia

37、bilitybetween small portions of any bulk material.NOTE 4A unit of bulk material composed of graded aggregate oraggregate mixtures might consist of a full truckload. If it were possible,the entire load might be tested as a practical matter. A field sample iscomposed of three or more increments chosen

38、 at random from the materialas it is loaded or unloaded from the truck. Research has shown that sucha procedure permits an acceptable estimate to be made of the averagegradation that might be measured from 15 or 20 increments from thetruck.NOTE 5Significant variability within a lot of material, wher

39、e it mightexist, should be indicated by statistical measures, such as the standarddeviation between units selected at random from within the lot.6.4.2 The quantities of the material in the sample depend onthe type and number of tests to which the material is to besubjected, and sufficient material m

40、ust be obtained to providefor the proper execution of these tests. Standard control andacceptance tests are covered by ASTM standards and specifythe portion of the field sample required for each specific test.Table 1 provides a guide of the minimum amounts of bitumi-nous mixture that will be needed

41、for routine testing for TestMethods D6307, D5444, D2041, D2726, D6925, and D6927,and Practice D6926. If there are to be additional tests, thesample size must be increased. If there are fewer tests to beperformed, adjust the size of the sample accordingly. Extracttest portions from the field sample b

42、y quartering or splitting ina similar manner to AASHTO Standard Practice R 47 or asrequired by other applicable test methods.7. Shipping Samples7.1 Transport samples in containers so constructed as topreclude loss or contamination of any part of the sample, ordamage to the contents from mishandling

43、during shipment.7.2 Samples shall have individual identification attachedgiving the information required by the sample user. Typicalinformation that may be useful could include, but not neces-sarily be limited to, the following:7.2.1 Job for which the material is to be used, giving projectnumber, hi

44、ghway route number, county, and other pertinentgeographical information,7.2.2 Source of sample, including for plant-mixed samplesthe name of owner or operator of plant, location of plant, typeof plant, size of batch, and identification of bitumen andmineral aggregates used in the mixture,7.2.3 Point

45、 at which sampled, for samples taken fromroadway, both by station number and location transversely inpavement; also whether sampled from completed pavement,windrow, etc.,7.2.4 Quantity represented,7.2.5 By whom sampled and title,7.2.6 Date of most recent mixing, if road-mixed,7.2.7 Date sampled,7.2.

46、8 By whom submitted and address,7.2.9 Purpose for which sample was taken, and7.2.10 To whom report is to be made.8. Keywords8.1 asphalt paving mixture; bituminous paving mixture;mechanical truck sampling device; samplingTABLE 1 Guide for Estimating Minimum Sample QuantityMaximum Sizeof AggregatesAUn

47、compacted MixtureApproximate Massmin, kg lbApproximate VolumeL Gal2.36-mm (No. 8) 10 22 8 24.75-mm (No. 4) 10 22 8 29.5-mm (38-in.) 16 35 12 312.5-mm (12-in.) 20 45 15 419.0-mm (34-in.) 20 45 15 425.0-mm (1-in.) 24 52 18 537.5-mm (112-in.) 30 66 22 650-mm (2-in.) 35 75 22 6AThe maximum size of aggre

48、gate is the largest sieve size listed in the applicablespecification upon which any material is permitted to be retained.D979/D979M 153ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this stand

49、ard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will r