ASTM D975-2013a Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils《柴油机燃料油的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: D975 13D975 13aStandard Specification forDiesel Fuel Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses ind

2、icates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers seven grades of diesel fuel oils suitable for v

3、arious types of diesel engines. These grades aredescribed as follows:1.1.1 Grade No. 1-D S15A special-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuelwith 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S15 fuel.21.1.2 Gra

4、de No. 1-D S500A special-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuelwith 500 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S500 fuel.21.1.3 Grade No. 1-D S5000Aspecial-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in d

5、iesel engine applications requiring a fuelwith 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S5000 fuels.1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D S15A general purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with15 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is es

6、pecially suitable for use in applications with conditions of varying speed and load.21.1.5 Grade No. 2-D S500A general-purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with500 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitable for use in applications with condition

7、s of varying speed and load.21.1.6 Grade No. 2-D S5000Ageneral-purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with5000 ppm sulfur (maximum), especially in conditions of varying speed and load.1.1.7 Grade No. 4-DA heavy distillate fuel, or a blend of distillate

8、 and residual oil, for use in low- and medium-speed dieselengines in applications involving predominantly constant speed and load.NOTE 1A more detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils is given in X1.2.NOTE 2The Sxxx designation has been adopted to distinguish grades by sulfur rather th

9、an using words such as “Low Sulfur” as previously becausethe number of sulfur grades is growing and the word descriptions were thought to be not precise. S5000 grades correspond to the so-called “regular” sulfurgrades, the previous No. 1-D and No. 2-D. S500 grades correspond to the previous “Low Sul

10、fur” grades. S15 grades were not in the previous grade systemand are commonly referred to as “Ultra-Low Sulfur” grades or ULSD.1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the requiredproperties of diesel fuels at the time and plac

11、e of delivery.1.2.1 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.NOTE 3The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more information onthe

12、subject, see Guide D4865.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Prod

13、ucts at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Li

14、quid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.Current edition approved May 1, 2013Dec. 1, 2013. Published May 2013December 2013. Originally approved in 1948. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 a

15、sD975D975 13.12a. DOI: 10.1520/D0975-13.10.1520/D0975-13A.2 This fuel complies with 40 CFR Part 80Control of Air Pollution from New Motor Vehicles: HeavyDuty Engines and Vehicle Standards and Highway Diesel FuelSulfur Control Requirements: Final Rule. Regulation of Fuels and FuelAdditives: Fuel Qual

16、ity Regulations for Highway Diesel Fuel Sold in 1993 and Later Calendar Years.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on

17、the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users

18、consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohoc

19、ken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum ProductsD524 Test Method

20、 for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1552 Test Method for Sulfu

21、r in Petroleum Products (High-Temperature Method)D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel Oil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum ProductsD2622 Test

22、 Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate FuelsD2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by CentrifugeD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel Oi

23、lsD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of Distillate Fuels (Withdrawn 2010)4D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative MicrocoulometryD3828 Tes

24、t Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup TesterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluores

25、cence SpectrometryD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Precision MeterD4539 Test Method for Filterability of Diesel Fuels by Low-Temperature Flow Test (LTFT)D4737 Test Metho

26、d for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable EquationD4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5304 Test Method for Assessing Middle Distillate Fuel Storage Stability by Oxygen OverpressureD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light

27、 Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5771 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Optical Detection Stepped Cooling Method)D5772 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Linear Cooling Rate Method)D5773 Test Met

28、hod for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Constant Cooling Rate Method)D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility MeasurementD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels b

29、y the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator(SLBOCLE)D6079 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)D6217 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD6371 Test Method for Cold Filt

30、er Plugging Point of Diesel and Heating FuelsD6468 Test Method for High Temperature Stability of Middle Distillate FuelsD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel SystemsD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate FuelsD6890 Test Method for Determin

31、ation of Ignition Delay and Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel Oils by Combustionin a Constant Volume ChamberD6898 Test Method for Evaluating Diesel Fuel Lubricity by an Injection Pump RigD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Jet Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends,

32、and Gasoline-EthanolBlends by Monochromatic Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of KinematicViscosity)D7170 Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Die

33、sel Fuel OilsFixed Range Injection Period,Constant Volume Combustion Chamber MethodD7345 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro Distillation Method)D7371 Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using

34、Mid InfraredSpectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)4 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.D975 13a2D7619 Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels, b

35、y Automatic Particle CounterD7688 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) by VisualObservationD7220 Test Method for Sulfur inAutomotive, Heating, and Jet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Dispersive X-ray FluorescenceSpectrometryE29 Practice fo

36、r Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications2.2 Other Documents:26 CFR Part 48 Manufacturers and Realtors Excise Taxes540 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives5API RP 2003 Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out of Static, Lightning, and Stray Cu

37、rrents6EN 14078 Liquid petroleum products - Determination of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in middle distillates - Infraredspectroscopy method73. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 biodiesel, nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats,de

38、signated B100.3.1.2 biodiesel blend (BXX), nblend of biodiesel fuel with diesel fuel oils.3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn the abbreviation, BXX, the XX represents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.3.1.3 switch loading, nof liquid fuels, the practice of loading low vapor pressure product (for

39、 example, diesel fuel) into anempty or near-empty fixed or portable container that previously held a high or intermediate vapor pressure product (such asgasoline or solvent) without prior compartment cleaning treatment and inert gas purging; and the reverse procedure where a highvapor pressure produ

40、ct is added to a container that previously held a low vapor pressure product.3.1.3.1 DiscussionSince middle distillate fuels have flash points above 38C, during normal distribution of these fuels, the atmosphere above the fuelsin a container such as a tanker truck, rail car, or barge, is normally be

41、low the lower explosive limit, so there is low risk of fire orexplosion should an electrostatic discharge (spark) occur. However, when the previous load in the compartment was a volatile,flammable fuel such as gasoline, and if some residual fuel vapor or mist remains in the compartment, and the cont

42、ainer has amixture of air and fuel vapor or mist (that is, not purged with an inert gas), then there is a risk that the atmosphere in the containerbeing filled could be in the explosive range creating a hazard should an electrostatic discharge occur.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard

43、:3.2.1 hydrocarbon oil, nhomogeneous mixture or solution with elemental composition primarily of carbon and hydrogen andalso containing sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen from residual impurities and contaminants and excluding added oxygenated materials.(See Note 5.)3.2.1.1 DiscussionNeither macro nor micro

44、 emulsions are included in this definition since neither are homogeneous mixtures or solutions.3.2.1.2 DiscussionExamples of excluded oxygenated materials are alcohols, esters, ethers and triglycerides.3.2.2 S(numerical specification maximum)indicates the maximum sulfur content, in weight ppm (g/g),

45、 allowed by thisspecification in a diesel fuel grade.3.2.2.1 Discussion5 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.6 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor,

46、 New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.7 Available from the National CEN members listed on the CEN website (www.cenorm.be) or from the CEN/TC 19 Secretariat (astm.nen.nl).D975 13a3Of the seven diesel fuel grades specified in this standard, six have important distinguishing maximum sulfur regulatory

47、requirements. These are Grades No. 1-D S15, No. 1-D S500, No. 1-D S5000, No. 2-D S15, No. 2-D S500 and No. 2-D S5000.The seventh grade, No. 4-D, is distinguished from these other grades by many major properties in addition to sulfur (unregulatedmaximum), and therefore is not included in this designa

48、tion system. Thus, Grade No. 4-D does not have the designation S20000as part of its grade name.4. Sampling, Containers, and Sample Handling4.1 It is strongly advised to review all test methods prior to sampling to understand the importance and effects of samplingtechnique, proper containers, and spe

49、cial handling required for each test method.4.2 Correct sampling procedures are critical to obtaining a representative sample of the diesel fuel oil to be tested. Refer toAppendix X2 for recommendations. The recommended procedures or practices provide techniques useful in the proper samplingor handling of diesel fuels.5. Test Methods5.1 The requirements enumerated in this specification shall be determined in accordance with the following methods:5.1.1 Flash PointTest Methods D93, except where other methods are prescribed by law. For all grades, Test