ASTM D885-2007e1 Standard Test Methods for Tire Cords Tire Cord Fabrics and Industrial Filament Yarns Made from Manufactured Organic-Base Fibers.pdf

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1、Designation: D 885 07e1Standard Test Methods forTire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, and Industrial Filament YarnsMade from Manufactured Organic-Base Fibers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 885; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or

2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.e1NOTESect

3、ion 33.4.1 was corrected editorially in July 2008.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the testing of industrialfilament yarns made wholly of manufactured organic-basefibers, cords twisted from such yarns, fabrics woven from suchcords, and products that are made specifically for use in themanufactur

4、e of pneumatic tires. They may be applied to similaryarns and cords used for reinforcing other rubber goods and forother industrial applications. The test methods apply to nylon,polyester, and rayon yarns and tire cords twisted from suchyarns and to fabrics made from such cords. The yarn or cordmay

5、be wound on cones, tubes, bobbins, spools, or beams; maybe woven into fabric; or may be in some other form. Themethods include testing procedure only and include no speci-fications or tolerances.1.2 No procedure is included for the determination offatigue resistance of cord, but several commonly use

6、d proce-dures for the measurement of fatigue resistance of cords inrubber were published in the appendix of these test methods inthe 1967 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 24, and inearlier issues of Test Methods D 885.1.3 The sections on “Growth of Conditioned Yarns andCords,” “Properties of Yarn

7、s and Cords at Elevated Tempera-ture,” and “Properties of Wet Yarns and Cords” have beenmoved to Appendix X1-Appendix X3 as non-mandatory infor-mational items because of their very limited use by the industryand because precision and bias statements are not included.1.4 This standard includes the fo

8、llowing sections:SectionAdhesion of Cord to Elastomers 34Bibliography of Tire Cord Test Methods X5Breaking Strength (Force) of Yarns and Cords at Elevated Tempera-tureX2.3Breaking Strength (Force) of Conditioned Yarns and Cords 16Breaking Strength (Force) of Oven-Dried Rayon Yarns and Cords 23Breaki

9、ng Strength (Force) of Rayon Yarns and Cords at SpecifiedMoisture Regain Level, Adjustment of17Breaking Tenacity of Conditioned Yarns and Cords 18Breaking Tenacity of Oven-Dried Rayon Yarns and Cords 24Breaking Toughness of Yarns and Cords 28Commercial Mass 9Conditioning 7Contraction of Wet Yarns an

10、d Cords X3Count of Tire Cord Fabric 37Dip (Adhesive) Solids Pickup on Yarns and Cords 33Elongation at Break of Conditioned Yarns and Cords 19Elongation at Break of Oven-Dried Rayon Yarns and Cords 25Elongation of Rayon Yarns and Cords at a Specified Moisture RegainLevel, Adjustment of Observed20Extr

11、actable Matter in Yarns and Cords 32Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) of Conditioned Yarns andCords21Force at Specified Elongation (FASE) of Oven-Dried Rayon Yarns andCords26Growth of Conditioned Yarns and Cords X1Identification of Fibers 8Keywords 40Linear Density 11Mass of per Unit Area of Tire

12、 Cord Fabric 36Modulus of Conditioned Yarns and Cords 22Moisture Regain, Actual 10Precision and Bias of Certain Yarn and Cord Tests 3935 toProperties of Tire Cord Fabric 38Sampling 6Shrinkage Force of Conditioned Yarns and Cords at Elevated Temper-ature X2.5Shrinkage of Conditioned Yarns and Cords a

13、t Elevated Temperature X2.4Significance and Use, General 5Significance and Use, Tensile Properties 14SI Calculations (examples for work-to-break, specific work-to-break,and breaking toughness) X4Stiffness of Fabric 3812 toTensile Properties of Yarns and Cords 28Terminology 3Thickness of Cords 31Twis

14、t in Yarns and Cords 30Width of Tire Cord Fabric 35Work-to-Break of Yarns and Cords 271.5 These test methods show the values in both SI andinch-pound units. SI units is the technically correct name forthe system of metric units known as the International System ofUnits. Inch-pound units is the techn

15、ically correct name for thecustomary units used in the United States. The values stated in1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.19 on Tire Cord andFabrics.Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published

16、July 2007. Originally approvedin 1946. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D 885 061Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.either acceptable metric units or other units shall be regardedseparately as standard. The value

17、s expressed in each systemmay not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must beused independently of each other, without combining values inany way.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of

18、this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 276 Test Methods f

19、or Identification of Fibers in TextilesD 1423 Test Method for Twist in Yarns by Direct-CountingD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile MaterialsD 1907 Test Method for Linear Density of Yarn (YarnNumber) by the Skein MethodD 1909 Standard Table

20、 of Commercial Moisture Regainsfor Textile FibersD 2257 Test Method for Extractable Matter in TextilesD 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD 2462 Test Method for Moisture in Wool by DistillationWith TolueneD 2494 Test Method for Commercial Mass of a Shipment ofYarn or Manufactured Staple Fib

21、er or TowD 2654 Test Method for Moisture in Textiles3D 3774 Test Method for Width of Textile FabricD 3775 Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick)Count of Woven FabricsD 3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) ofFabricD 4393 Test Method for Strap PeelAdhesion of ReinforcingCords or Fa

22、brics to Rubber CompoundsD 4776 Test Method for Adhesion of Tire Cords and OtherReinforcing Cords to Rubber Compounds by H-Test Pro-cedureD 4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation andRelated Properties of TextilesD 6477 Terminology Relating to Tire Cord, Bead Wire,Hose Reinforcing Wire, and F

23、abrics3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to tire cord, bead wire,hose wire, and tire cord fabrics, refer to Terminology D 6477.3.1.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:cord, cord twist, dip, dip pickup, in a textile cord or fabric,industrial yarn,

24、moisture equilibrium for testing, for industrialyarns and tire cords, pneumatic tire, single twist, standardatmosphere for testing textiles, tabby sample, tire, and tire cordfabric.3.1.2 For definitions of terms related to force and deforma-tion in textiles, refer to Terminology D 4848.3.1.2.1 The f

25、ollowing terms are relevant to this standard:breaking force, breaking strength, breaking tenacity. breakingtoughness, chord modulus, in a stress-strain curve, elongation,force at specified elongation (FASE), initial modulus, tensilestrength, and work-to-break.3.1.3 For definitions of other terms rel

26、ated to textiles, referto Terminology D 123.3.1.3.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:fabric and growth.4. Summary of Test Methods, General4.1 A summary of the directions prescribed for the determi-nation of specific properties is stated in the appropriate sectionsof specific test me

27、thods.5. Significance and Use, General5.1 The procedures in these test methods should be usedwith caution for acceptance of commercial shipments owing tothe absence of factual information on the between-laboratoryprecision of many of the test procedures included in these testmethods. It is recommend

28、ed that any program of acceptancetesting be preceded by an interlaboratory check in the labora-tory of the purchaser and the laboratory of the supplier onreplicate specimens of the materials to be tested for eachproperty (or properties) to be evaluated.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical sig

29、nificance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance. As a minimum, test samples should be used that areas homogeneous as possible, that are drawn f

30、rom the materialfrom which the disparate test results were obtained, and thatare randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory fortesting. Other materials with established test values may beused for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratoriesshould be compared using a statistica

31、l test for unpaired data, ata probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias isfound, either its cause must be found and corrected, or futuretest results must be adjusted in consideration of the knownbias.5.2 The significance and use of particular properties arediscussed in the appr

32、opriate sections of specific test methods.6. Sampling6.1 Yarn:6.1.1 PackagesFor acceptance testing, sample each lot asdirected in Practice D 2258. Place each laboratory samplingunit in a moisture-proof polyethylene bag or other moisture-proof container to protect the samples from atmosphericchanges

33、until ready to condition the samples in the atmospherefor testing industrial yarns and tire cords. Take the number ofspecimens for testing specified for the specific property mea-surement to be made.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service

34、 at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.D88507e126.1.2 BeamsFor acceptance testing, sample by windingyarns on a tube or spool by means of a winder using a tensionof 5 6 1 mN/tex (0.05 6 0.01

35、gf/den). Take the yarn from theoutside beam layers unless there is a question or disagreementregarding the shipment; in this case, take the sample only afterremoving yarn from the beam to a radial depth of 6 mm (14in.) or more to minimize the effects of handling and atmo-spheric changes that may hav

36、e occurred during shipment orstorage. Place each laboratory sampling unit in a moisture-proof polyethylene bag or other moisture-proof container toprotect the samples from atmospheric changes until ready tocondition the samples in the atmosphere for testing industrialyarns and tire cords. Take the n

37、umber of specimens for testingspecified for the specific property measurement to be made.6.2 Cord:6.2.1 Number of Samples and SpecimensThe size of anacceptance sampling lot of tire cord shall be not more than onetruck or rail car load or as determined by agreement betweenthe purchaser and the suppli

38、er. Take samples at random fromeach of a number of cones, tubes, bobbins, or spools within alot to be as representative as possible within practical limita-tions. Make only one observation on an individual package foreach physical property determination. Take the number ofsamples, therefore, that wi

39、ll be sufficient to cover the totalnumber of specimens required for the determination of allphysical properties of the tire cord. The recommended numberof specimens is included in the appropriate sections of specifictest methods covered in this standard. Where such is notspecified, the number of spe

40、cimens is as agreed upon betweenbuyer and supplier.6.2.2 Preparation of SamplesRemove and discard a mini-mum of 25 m (25 yd) from the outside of the package beforetaking the sample or any specimens. If specimens are not takendirectly from the original package, preferably wind the sampleon a tube or

41、spool by means of a winder using a tension of 56 1 mN/tex (0.05 6 0.01 gf/den). If the sample is collected asa loosely wound package, or in the form of a skein, someshrinkage invariably will occur, in which case, report that theobserved results were determined on a relaxed sample. Usecare in handlin

42、g the sample. Discard any sample subjected toany change of twist, kinking, or making any bend with adiameter less than 10 times the yarn/cord thickness (or diam-eter). Place the sample in a moisture-proof polyethylene bag orother moisture-proof container to protect it from atmosphericchanges until r

43、eady to condition the sample in the testatmosphere for industrial yarns and tire cords.6.3 Tire Cord Fabric:6.3.1 Number of Samples and SpecimensThe size of anacceptance sampling lot of tire cord fabric shall be one loomcreel of cord. Take a sample from at least one roll of fabric perlot. From each

44、roll of tire cord fabric, take the number ofspecimens as specified in the test method for each property tobe measured.6.3.2 Size of SampleTake a sample equal to the length ofcord between the regular tabby woven at the end of the roll anda special tabby woven a short distance from the end when therol

45、l of fabric is manufactured. For rolls that do not have aspecial woven tabby, improvise a tabby by the use of gummedtape or strips of cemented fabric applied across a section of thecord fabric to give a tabby sample length at least 0.5-m (18-in.)long and at least one tenth of the roll width wide.6.3

46、.3 Preparation of SamplesCut the warp cords of thefabric along the center line of the special tabby for a distanceequal to the width of the sample. If this distance is less than thefull width of the fabric, cut the filling yarns of the sample andof the special and regular tabbies in the direction pa

47、rallel withthe warp cords. The resulting section of cord fabric is the tabbysample. Attach the tabby sample to a piece of cardboard orfiberboard, the length of which shall be equal to at least thelength of the cord warp between tabbies. Fold the tabbyportions of the sample over each end of the board

48、, and securethe sample to the board with pressure-sensitive tape or staples.Use care to avoid contact of tape or staples with the area to betested. Handle the sample carefully, and hold it under sufficienttension in the warp direction to prevent the cords from kinking.Discard any specimen subjected

49、to change of twist, kinking, ormaking any bend with a diameter less than 10 times theyarn/cord thickness (or diameter). The board with the samplemay be folded lengthwise and parallel with the warp forconvenience. Place the board with the fabric sample in apolyethylene bag, or wrap it with several layers of polyethyl-ene film, to protect the sample from changes in atmosphericmoisture content until ready to condition the sample in theatmosphere for testing industrial yarns and tire cords. Use careduring subsequent handling of the sample to prevent anychange in the cord twist a