ASTM C946-2018 Standard Practice for Construction of Dry-Stacked Surface-Bonded Walls.pdf

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1、Designation: C946 10C946 18Standard Practice forConstruction of Dry-Stacked, Surface-Bonded Walls1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C946; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.

2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers material, workmanship, and construction procedures for applying surface bonded mortar to both sidesof dry stacke

3、d concrete masonry units. It does not include grout, reinforcing, anchorage, or control joints since their use isessentially the same as conventional concrete masonry construction, unless specifically mentioned in this practice.NOTE 1Design and construction procedures for conventional concrete mason

4、ry construction are found in Building Code Requirements for MasonryStructures (TMS 402-08/ACI 530-08/ASCE 5-08) (TMS 402-16) and Specification for Masonry Structures (TMS 602-08/ACI 530.1-08/ASCE 6-08).602-16).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given

5、 in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish

6、appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principle

7、s for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C55 Specification for Concrete Building BrickC90 Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry Un

8、itsC129 Specification for Nonloadbearing Concrete Masonry UnitsC270 Specification for Mortar for Unit MasonryC887 Specification for Packaged, Dry, Combined Materials for Surface Bonding Mortar2.2 Other Documents:TMS 402-08/ACI 530-08/ASCE 5-08TMS 402-16 The Masonry Society, Building Code Requirement

9、s for Masonry Structures3TMS 602-08/ACI 530.1-08/ASCE 6-08602-16 The Masonry Society, Specification for Masonry Structures 3TEK 10-2A10-2C National Concrete Masonry Association, Control Joints for Concrete Masonry WallsWallsEmpiricalMethod4Standard Practice for Bracing Masonry Walls Under Constructi

10、on, Masonry ContractorsAssociation ofAmericaAmerica, 201253. Storage3.1 Deliver and store surface bonding mortar in original containers off the ground to prevent contact with water. Protect fromrain with suitable covering.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C12 on Mortars and

11、 Grouts for Unit Masonry and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C12.06 onSurface Bonding.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010June 1, 2018. Published February 2010July 2018. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20012010 asC946 91C946 10.(2001). DOI: 10.1520/C0946-

12、10.10.1520/C0946-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from The Masonry Society, www

13、.masonrysociety.org; American Concrete Institute, www.aci-int.org; and American Society of Civil Engineers, www.asce-.org.www.masonrysociety.org4 Available from the National Concrete Masonry Assn. (NCMA), P.O. Box 781, 13750 Sunrise Valley Drive, Herndon, VA 22070,20171, http:/www.ncma.org.5 Availab

14、le from Masonry Contractors Association of America (MCAA), 33 South Roselle Rd., Schaumberg, IL 60193,1481 Merchant Drive, Algonquin, IL 60102,http:/www.masoncontractors.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what chang

15、es have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the offici

16、al document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2 Store concrete masonry units off the ground to prevent contamination by mud, dust, and materials likely to cause stainingor other defects, and protect from rain.4. Materi

17、als and Manufacture4.1 Concrete masonry units shall be clean and shall meet the requirements of either Specifications C55, C90, or C129. Thesurface to receive surface bonding mortar shall be free of paint, oil, efflorescence, or foreign materials that interfere with bonding.4.2 Surface bonding morta

18、r shall meet the requirements of Specification C887. If the dry mix contains hard lumps, it shall notbe used.4.3 Leveling course shall be bedded with a mortar meeting either Specification C270 or Specification C887.4.4 Shims shall be corrosion-resistant metal or plastic with a minimum compressive st

19、rength of 2000 psi (13.8 MPa), or steelprotected from corrosion by a coating of zinc at least 0.8 oz/ft2 (2.4 gm/mm2), or by a coating of cadmium or zinc of equivalentcorrosion resistance.5. Leveling Courses5.1 Leveling courses, when needed, are to provide a smooth surface level within 14 in. (6.35

20、mm) in 20 ft (6.1 m), for drystacking concrete masonry units. Leveling courses shall be located whenever a vertical difference greater than 12 in. (12.7 mm)in 10 ft (3.0 m) occurs within one course. Leveling courses are usually located on the first course above the foundation, becausefootings are no

21、t normally placed in a level condition, and at each floor level.5.2 When Specification C270 mortar or surface bonding mortar is used a leveling course, concrete masonry units shall be setin a full bed of mortar, laid to a line with the top surface level, as defined in 5.1, and butted together with n

22、o mortar in the headjoints. Bed joints shall be struck flush. If the cores are to be grouted, no mortar shall be placed in the space to receive grout.5.3 Allow the levelling mortar to set sufficiently so no movement breaks the bond while dry stacking units in subsequentcourses.6. Dry-Stacking Concre

23、te Masonry Units6.1 Courses of concrete masonry units between the leveling courses shall be placed without mortar on the bed or head joints.Place units in running bond. Remove burrs and butt blocks tightly.6.2 Use shims, mortar, or surface bonding mortar to plumb and level individual units when nece

24、ssary.6.3 Check the wall every fourth course to be certain it is plumb and level. If any course is out of level by more than 12 in. (12.7mm) in 10 ft (3.0 m), another leveling course shall be built.6.4 Cut masonry units to fit openings. Minimum length of cut piece used in the wall shall be 114 in. (

25、31.8 mm).6.5 Precut units for inserts indicated on drawings.6.6 Anchors, reinforcing, flashing, lintels, and other items to be built in shall be installed as the stacking progresses. Cut or notchmasonry units as required.NOTE 2Special consideration must be given to the placement of built-in items. S

26、urface bonding mortar requires approximately 114 in. (31.8 mm)from the edge of a unit to develop tensile strength across the joint. Layout of the first course with respect to built in items is extremely important, itdetermines the size of the cut pieces for closure.NOTE 3Utilities such as electrical

27、 lines and plumbing located in the cores of the units are best placed prior to the application of surface bonding mortarwhile the concrete masonry units are visible.6.7 Cores to be filled with grout shall be aligned to provide a continuous, unobstructed opening.6.8 Where a horizontal change in wall

28、thickness occurs, the thicker portion shall end with a solid surface. Use a leveling coursefor the first course in the upper portion.7. Mixing Surface Bonding Mortar7.1 Use clean mixing equipment and water free of deleterious amounts of acid, alkali, and organic materials.7.2 Surface bonding mortar

29、shall be mixed according to the manufacturers instructions and used within the time recommendedby the manufacturer.7.3 Mix only full bag multiples of material to overcome any segregation of ingredients while in the package.7.4 Mixing time shall be kept to a minimum, as over-mixing may cause damage t

30、o fibers in Specification C887 mortar.7.5 Hand Mixing:7.5.1 Place water in the mixing container.7.5.2 Slowly add the dry surface bonding material.7.5.3 Mix thoroughly.C946 1827.6 Machine Mixing:7.6.1 Place water in mixer.7.6.2 Add the surface bonding material to the operating mixer.7.6.3 Mix thoroug

31、hly, 1 to 3 min after all materials have been added.7.7 The mixture should be creamy, nonlumpy, and easy to apply.7.8 Admixtures may be permitted within the limits set by Specification C887 and the manufacturer of the surface bondingmortar. If desired, admixtures must be specified in the contract do

32、cuments.8. Application of Surface Bonding Mortar8.1 Wet the wall uniformly with water immediately before applying surface bonding mortar to prevent excessive suction ofwater from the surface bonding mortar. If the wall dries prior to application, rewet it. Avoid saturating the units.8.2 Trowel- or s

33、pray-apply surface bonding mortar to both sides of the dry-stacked concrete masonry units.8.3 Completely cover the wall surface with a minimum thickness of 18 in. (3.2 mm) of surface bonding mortar by trowel orspray.8.4 When a second coat of surface bonding mortar is to be applied, the first coat sh

34、all have taken its initial set but not becompletely hardened or dried out. If the first coat has completely hardened or dried out, consult the manufacturersrecommendations for application of a second coat, since a bonding agent may be required.8.5 Finish to the texture specified.8.6 If application o

35、f surface bonding mortar is discontinued for more than 1 h, the horizontal joint between the two applications,other than at wall tops, must occur at least 114 in. (31.8 mm) from the horizontal edge of the concrete masonry unit.9. Curing and Protection9.1 At ambient temperatures below 40F (4.4C) or a

36、bove 90F (32.2C), follow the Specification for Masonry Structures (TMS602-08/ACI 530.1-08/ASCE 6-08).602-16).9.2 Dampen the wall with a water mist after 8 h, but within 24 h of application of the surface bonding mortar.9.3 Fog spray twice within the first 24 h from application of the surface bonding

37、 mortar. With pigmented mortar, the time maybe extended to 48 h. With maximum temperature in excess of 90F (32.2C), wind speed greater than 20 mph (32.2 km/h), or meanrelative humidity less than 50 % relative humidity, more frequent application of fog spray shall be necessary.9.4 The top of the wall

38、s shall be covered with a nonstaining, waterproof covering, extending at least 2 ft (0.6 m) on each sideof the wall to prevent moisture from entering the wall until the top is permanently protected.10. Other Requirements10.1 Requirements concerning grout, reinforcement, anchors, ties, corrosion resi

39、stance, dimensional tolerances, wall bracingafter coating, and miscellaneous items unless specified by the manufacturer of the surface bonding mortar shall be outlined in thefollowing:10.1.1 TMS 402-08/ACI 530-08/ASCE 5-08, TMS 402-16, Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures.10.1.2 TMS 602

40、-08/ACI 530.1-08/ASCE 6-08, 602-16, Specification for Masonry Structures.10.1.3 Standard Practice for Bracing Masonry Walls Under Construction.10.2 Control Joints:10.2.1 Location, spacing, and type of control joints shall meet the requirements of TEK 10-2A,10-2C, Control Joints forConcrete Masonry W

41、alls.10.2.2 Control joints shall be uniform in width, through the wall, and continuous from top to bottom of the wall.10.2.3 Remove surface bonding mortar from the control joint.C946 18311. Keywords11.1 dry stacked; fiber reinforced; mortar; packaged; surface bondingASTM International takes no posit

42、ion respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibilit

43、y.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM

44、International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address sh

45、own below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 184