ASTM C859-2014b Standard Terminology Relating to Nuclear Materials《有关核材料的标准术语》.pdf
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1、Designation: C859 14aC859 14bStandard Terminology Relating toNuclear Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C859; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenth
2、eses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This terminology standard contains terms, definitions, descriptions of terms, nomenclature, and explanations of acronymsand symbols specifically associa
3、ted with standards under the jurisdiction of Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle. Thisterminology The content of this terminology standard may also be applicable to documents not under the jurisdiction of CommitteeC26, in which case this terminology standard may be referenced in those documents.1.2
4、While subcommittees within Committee C26 are free to only provide terms and definitions within individual standards, eachsubcommittee may request the addition of utilized terms and definitions to this terminology standard if it believes that such servesthe broader interest of Committee C26 and the n
5、uclear fuel cycle profession. Therefore, terms and definitions proposed forinclusion in Terminology C859 need not be used in more than one committee standard before being considered.1.3 In general, technical terms that are defined in common dictionaries would not also be defined in this terminology
6、standardunless there is a need to emphasize a specific definition in making appropriate use of a Committee C26 standard.1.4 Subcommittee C26.10 (Nondestructive Assay) also has a terminology standard applicable to its standards: TerminologyC1673.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C1673 Termin
7、ology of C26.10 Nondestructive Assay Methods3. Terminologyabsorbed dose, D, L2 T-2, nabsorbed dose is the mean energy imparted by ionizing radiation to a unit mass of specifiedmaterial.DISCUSSIONThe SI unit for absorbed dose is the gray (Gy), defined as 1 J/kg.abundance sensitivity, nin methods of c
8、hemical analysis, the ratio of the ion beam intensity of the major isotope, M, to thebackground current at the adjacent mass positions.Abundance sensitivity5ion current at mass Mion current at M61 (1)accelerated test, nfor the prediction of long term behavior of materials, a test that results in an
9、increase either in the rate of analteration mode or in the extent of reaction progress, when compared with expected service conditions.DISCUSSIONChanges in the expected alteration mechanism (s) caused by the accelerated test conditions, if any, must be accounted for in the use of the acceleratedtest
10、 data.1 This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear Fuel Cycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.01 on Editorial andTerminology.Current edition approved June 15, 2014July 1, 2014. Published July 2014August 2014. Originally approved in 1977. Last pre
11、vious edition approved in 2014 asC859 14.C859 14a. DOI: 10.1520/C0859-14a.10.1520/C0859-14B.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Su
12、mmary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommen
13、ds that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1accuracy, nthe cl
14、oseness of agreement between a measurement result and an accepted reference. (E170)activity, A, T1, nthe measure of the rate of spontaneous nuclear transformations of a radioactive material. The SI unit foractivity is the becquerel (Bq), defined as one transformation per second. The original unit fo
15、r activity was the curie (Ci), definedas 3.7 1010 transformations per second.alpha radiation, nis the spontaneous emission of an alpha particle, composed of two protons and two neutrons with a positivecharge of plus two, during the nuclear transformation process.DISCUSSIONAn alpha particle is the sa
16、me as a helium-4 atom with no electrons.alteration, nany change in the form, state, or properties of materials.alteration layer, nin materials interaction with water, a layer of alteration phases at the surface of the specimen.DISCUSSIONSeveral distinct layers may form at the surface and within crac
17、ks in the material. Layers may be composed of discrete crystallites.alteration mechanism, nthe series of fundamental chemical or physical processes by which alteration occurs.alteration mode, nfor the prediction of long-term behavior of materials, a particular form of alteration, for example: genera
18、lcorrosion, localized corrosion.alteration phase, nin materials interactions with their environment, a solid phase formed as a result of material interactions, thatreplaces some amount of the original phase; may form by precipitation from solution of in-situ transformation of a chemicallyaltered sol
19、id.alteration product, nsee alteration phase.aluminum-based spent nuclear fuel, nirradiated nuclear fuel or target elements or assemblies, or both, that are clad inaluminum or aluminum-rich alloys.DISCUSSIONThe microstructures contain a continuous aluminum-rich matrix with fissile-rich particles dis
20、persed in this matrix.aluminum-based spent nuclear fuel form or waste form, nany metallic form produced from aluminum-based spent nuclearfuel and having a microstructure containing a continuous aluminum-rich matrix with uranium-rich particles dispersed in thismatrix.DISCUSSIONThis term may include t
21、he fuel itself or the product from the melt-dilute process.analog, nfor the prediction of long term behavior of materials, a material, process, or system whose composition, andenvironmental history are sufficiently similar to those anticipated for the materials, processes, or systems of interest to
22、permituse of insight gained regarding its condition or behavior to be applied to the material, process, or system of interest.analysis (physical or chemical), nthe determination of physical or chemical properties or composition of a material.analyte, nin method of chemical analysis, a sample compone
23、nt whose presence and concentration is of interest.analytical sample, na portion of a material (solid, liquid, or gas) used in chemical, physical, or radiological analysis.annealing, nin glass leach tests, a controlled cooling process for glass designed to reduce thermal residual stress to an accept
24、ablelevel, and, in some cases, modify structure.artificial aging, nany short time treatment that is designed to duplicate or simulate the material/property changes that normallyoccur after prolonged exposure and radioactive decay.attribute test, nfor the prediction of long-term behavior of materials
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