[外语类试卷]笔译二级实务模拟试卷6及答案与解析.doc

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1、笔译二级实务模拟试卷 6及答案与解析 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 Until recently, scientists knew little about life in the deep sea, nor had they reason to believe that it was being threatened. Now, with the benefit of technology that allows for deeper exploration, researchers have uncovered a remar

2、kable array of species inhabiting the ocean floor at depths of more than 660 feet, or about 200 meters. At the same time, however; technology has also enabled fishermen to reach far deeper than ever before, into areas where bottom trawls can destroy in minutes what has taken nature hundreds and in s

3、ome cases thousands of years to build. Many of the worlds coral species, for example, are found at depths of more than 200 meters. It is also estimated that roughly half of the worlds highest seamounts areas that rise from the ocean floor and are particularly rich in marine life are also found in th

4、e deep ocean. These deep sea ecosystems provide shelter, spawning and breeding areas for fish and other creatures, as well as protection from strong currents and predators. Moreover, they are believed to harbor some of the most extensive reservoirs of life on earth, with estimates ranging from 500,0

5、00 to 100 million species inhabiting these largely unexplored and highly fragile ecosystems. Yet just as we are beginning to recognize the tremendous diversity of life in these areas, along with the potential benefits newly found species may hold for human society in the form of potential food produ

6、cts and new medicines, they are at risk of being lost forever. With enhanced ability both to identify where these species-rich areas are located and to trawl in deeper water than before, commercial fishing vessels are now beginning to reach down with nets the size of football fields, catching everyt

7、hing in their path while simultaneously crushing fragile corals and breaking up the delicate structure of reefs and seamounts that provide critical habitat to the countless species of fish and other marine life that inhabit the deep ocean floor. Because deep sea bottom trawling is a recent phenomeno

8、n, the damage that has been done is still limited. If steps are taken quickly to prevent this kind of destructive activity from occurring on the high seas, the benefits both to the marine environment and to future generations are incalculable. And they far outweigh the short-term costs to the fishin

9、g industry. SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points) 2 Its not that we are afraid of seeing him stumble, of scribbling a mustache over his career. Sure, the nice part of us wants Mike to know we appreciate him, that he still reigns, at least in our memory. The truth, though, is that we dont want h

10、im to come back because even for Michael Jordan, this would be an act of hubris so monumental as to make his trademark confidence twist into conceit. We dont want him back on the court because no one likes a show-off. The stumbling? That will be fun. But we are nice people, we Americans, with 225 ye

11、ars of optimism at our backs. Days ago when M.J. said he had made a decision about returning to the NBA in September, we got excited. He had said the day before, “I look forward to playing, and hopefully I can get to that point where I can make that decision. Its O.K. to have some doubt, and its O.K

12、. to have some nervousness.“ A Time/CNN poll last week has Americans, 2 to 1, saying they would like him on the court ASAR And only 21 percent thought that if he came back and just completely bombed, it would damage his legend. In fact only 28 percent think athletes should retire at their peak. Sour

13、ces close to him tell Time that when Jordan first talked about a comeback with the Washington Wizards, the team Jordan co-owns and would play for, some of his trusted advisers privately tried to discourage him. “But they say if they try to stop him, it will only firm up his resolve,“ says an NBA sou

14、rce. The problem with Jordans return is not only that he cant possibly live up to the storybook ending he gave up in 1998 earning his sixth ring with a last-second championship-winning shot. The problem is that the motives for coming back needing the attention, needing to play even when his 38-year-

15、old body does not violate the very myth of Jordan, the myth of absolute control. Babe Ruth, the 20th centurys first star, was a gust of fat bravado and drunken talent, while Jordan ended the century by proving the elegance of resolve; Babes pointing to the bleachers replaced by the charm of a backpe

16、daling shoulder shrug. Jordan symbolized success by not sullying his brand with his politics, his opinion or superstar personality. To be a Jordan fan was to be a fan of classiness and confidence. To come back when he knows that playing for Wizards wont get him anywhere near the second round of the

17、play-offs, when he knows that he wont be the league scoring leader, thats a loss of control. Jordan does not care what we think. Friends say that he takes articles that tell him not to come back and tacks them all on his refrigerator as inspiration. So why bother writing something telling him not to

18、 come back? He is still Michael Jordan. 3 Even after I was too grown-up to play that game and too grown-up to tell my mother that I loved her, I still believed I was the best daughter. Didnt I run all the way up to the terrace to check on the drying mango pickles whenever she asked? As I entered my

19、teens, it seemed that I was becoming an even better, more loving daughter. Didnt I drop whatever I was doing each afternoon to go to the corner grocery to pick up any spices my mother had run out of? My mother, on the other hand, seemed more and more unloving to me. Some days she positively resemble

20、d a witch as she threatened to pack me off to my second uncles home in provincial Barddhaman a fate worse than death to a cool Calcutta girl like me if my grades didnt improve. Other days she would sit me down and tell me about “Girls Who Brought Shame to Their Families“. There were, apparently, a m

21、illion ways in which one could do this, and my mother was determined that I should he cautioned against every one of them. On principle, she disapproved of everything I wanted to do, from going to study in America to perming my hair, and her favorite phrase was “over my dead body“. It was clear that

22、 I loved her far more than she loved me that is, if she loved me at all. After I finished graduate school in America and got married, my relationship with my mother improved a great deal. Though occasionally dubious about my choice of a writing career, overall she thought Id shaped up nicely. I thou

23、ght the same about her. We established a rhythm: Shed write from India and give me all the gossip and send care packages with my favorite kind of mango pickle; Id call her from the United States and tell her all the things Id been up to and send care packages with instant Vanilla pudding, for which

24、shed developed a great fondness. We loved each other equally or so I believed until my first son, Anand, was born. My sons birth shook up my neat, organized, in-control adult existence in ways I hadnt imagined. I went through six weeks of being shrouded in an exhausted fog of postpartum depression.

25、As my husband and I walked our wailing baby up and down through the night, and I seriously contemplated going AWOL, I wondered if I was cut out to be a mother at all. And mother love what was that all about? Then one morning, as I was changing yet another diaper, Anand grinned up at me with his toot

26、hless gums. Hmm, I thought. This little brown scrawny thing is kind of cute after all. Things progressed rapidly from there. Before I knew it, Id moved the extra bed into the babys room and was spending many nights on it, bonding with my son. SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (20 points) 4 北京，是中华民族的远

27、祖 “北京人 ”的故乡；同时也是世界闻名的文化古城。三千多年前，这里已是周朝封国 燕国 的都城。公元十世纪后，辽、金、元、明、清五个封建王朝以此作为陪都或国都。 1949年中华人民共和国成立，定北京为首都。 在漫长的历史进程中，各民族不同的文化在这块宝地上相互渗透交融，孕育成一种特有的北京韵味。那金碧辉煌的宫阙殿堂，那雄伟壮丽的城墙门楼，那纵横交错的大街小巷，那淳朴憨厚的民风民俗，以及那些充满地方色调的店铺摊贩 北京，无一时，无一处，无一事不令人流连怀念，津津 乐道。 SECTION 2 Optional Translation (20 points) 5 中国画 中国画与中医、京剧一起被誉为

28、中国的 “三大国粹 ”。按内容分，主要有人物画、山水画、花鸟画三大类。 战国时，中国就已有比较成熟的人物画，唐代达到顶峰。著名的人物画家有顾恺之、吴道子等。山水画产生于秦代，宋代达到很高水平。著名的山水画家有唐代李思训、王维和明代唐寅等。花鸟画画的是自然界中的花卉、鸟兽、鱼虫。南北朝时出现了花鸟 画，宋代走向成熟。著名花鸟画家有擅长画花鸟的朱耷、擅长画竹子的郑燮、擅长画鱼虾的齐白石。 按画法分，中国画主要有工笔画和写意画。工笔画的特点是按照事物原来的样子，一笔一笔画得非常细致，尤其注重细节的描绘；写意画是一种夸张的画法， 要求用简单的笔墨画出事物的神韵，虽然笔墨简单，但意趣生动，表现力很强。

29、6 中国航天事业的宗旨与原则 中国航天事业的发展宗旨是：探索外层空间，扩展对宇宙和地球的认识；和平利用外层空间，促进人类文明和社会发展，造福全人类； 满足经济建设、国家安全、科技发展和社会进步等方面日益增长的需要，维护国家利益，增强综合国力。中国航天事业的发展原则是： -坚持长期、稳定、持续的发展方针，使航天事业的发展服从和服务于国家整体发展战略； -坚持独立自主、自力更生、自主创新，积极推进国家交流与合作； -根据国情和国力，选择有限目标，重点突破； -提高航天活动的社会效益和经济效益，重视技术进步的推动力； -坚持统筹规划、远近结合、天地结合、协调发展。 笔译二级实务模拟试卷 6答案与解析

30、 SECTION 1 Compulsory Translation (30 points) 1 【正确答案】 前不久，科学家们对深海生物还知之甚少，也不太相信它们正受到威胁。现在，随着深海探测技术的发展，研究人员发现 660多英尺，即 200米深的海底生存着大量多种多样的物种。但与此同时，渔业人员也可以依靠技术到达比以前更深的地方，进行海底拖网捕捞，而此种深海捕捞则可在几分钟内就把大自然几百年乃至几千年产生的一切毁灭。 例如，世界上的许多种珊瑚在二百多米深的海底才能找到。此外，据估计世界上一些最高的海 底山约有一半位于深海海底。这些海底隆起的地方，海洋生物特别丰富。 这些深海生态系统为鱼类和其

31、它生物提供生存、产卵、繁殖的场所，也保护它们免遭强大海流和猎食者的侵袭。此外，据信这些深海生态系统蕴藏着世界上最丰富的生命宝库，估计有五十万至一亿种生物生活在这些大体上未经勘探且极脆弱的生态系统中。 当我们现在刚刚开始认识这些地区极其丰富的生物多样性，并发现这些新物种可能为人类社会带来好处时 如新食品和新药品，这些地区却面临着永远消失的危险。由于确定物种丰富地区的能力增强，由于拖网捕捞能到达比过 去更深的区域，商业渔船可把足球场大小的拖网撒入海中，碰上什么捕捞什么，同时损坏了脆弱的珊瑚，破坏礁石和海底山的脆弱的结构，而正是这些东西为生活在深海海底的无数鱼类和其它海洋生物提供了赖以生存的场所。

32、因为深海海底拖网捕捞是最近才出现的一种现象，它所造成的损害还是有限的。如能赶紧采取措施防止这些在公海上的破坏活动，它为海洋环境和子孙后代带来的好处将是无法估量的。这些好处将远远超过渔业短期内需承担的花费。 【试题解析】 1 Now, with the benefit of technology that allows for deeper exploration, researchers have uncovered a remarkable array of species inhabiting the ocean floor at depths of more than 660 feet,

33、 or about 200 meters现在，随着深海探测技术的发展，研究人员发现 660多英尺，即 200米深的海底生存着大量多种多样的物种。 分析 理解结构采分点。 原文是简单句， 译为复合句。原文中的介词短语 with 可译为时间状语从句。 benefit指 “优越条件，优越性 ”，根据上下文意译成 “发展 ”； allow for指 “在计算、估算、考虑时包括 ” ，翻译时不必译出，如果译出，在目标语中是多余的，语句也不通顺。 2 technology has also enabled fishermen to reach far deeper than ever before, in

34、to areas where bottom trawls can destroy in minutes what has taken nature hundreds and in some cases thousands of years to build渔业人员也可以依靠技术到达比以前更深的地方，进行海底拖网捕捞，而此种深海捕捞则 分析 理解结构采分点。 technology has also enabled fishermen to reach的主语是物 technology，翻译时可用人 fishermen做主语，更符合汉语习惯，即， “渔业人员也可以依靠技术到达 ”。译文中的 “进行海

35、底拖网捕捞 ”实际上是根据上文 area的意思，其后面应该跟表示目的的语句，因此，把从句的主语 bottom trawls重复翻译很必要。 3 It is also estimated that roughly half of the worlds highest seamountsareas that rise from the ocean floor and are particularly rich in marine lifeare also found in the deep ocean此外，据估计世界上一些最高的海底山约有一半位于深海海底。这些海底隆起的地方，海洋生物特别丰富。 分

36、析 理解结构采分点。 采用重组翻译法。原文中的同位语从句 areas that rise from the ocean floor and are particularly rich in marine life放在最后，翻译成一个独立的句子。这样可以避免因句子结构复杂，逻辑关系混乱造成意义不清。 4 shelter生存 分析 用词选词采分点。 shelter通常指 “遮蔽处 ”，根据上下文，这里译成 “生存 ”更好。字典中所给出的词义，在翻译中只是参考，词语的选择和使用词要依据语境而定。下句中的harbor一词的翻译，也是如此。 harbor指 “心怀；在港内停留 ”，在原文中它所描述的是

37、“生命宝库 ”，所以，译成 “蕴藏 ”是最合适的了。 5 Yet just as we are beginning to recognize the tremendous diversity of life in these areas, along with the potential benefits newly found species may hold for human society in the form of potential food products and new medicines, they are at risk of being lost forever当我们

38、现在刚刚开始认识这些地区极其丰富的生物多样性，并发现这些新物种可能为人类社会带来好处时 如新食品和新药品，这些地区却面临着永远消失的危险。 分析 理解结构采分点。 介词短语 along with the potential benefits 中的过去分词 found与其后面的成分，可以翻译成一个动宾结构和从句的谓语 beginning to recognize后的成分并列。介词短语 in the form of译成 “例如，比如 ”。 6 With enhanced ability both to identify where these speciesrich areas are locat

39、ed and to trawl in deeper water than before, commercial fishing vessels are now beginning to reach down with nets the size of football fields， catching everything in their path while simultaneously crushing fragile corals and breaking up the delicate structure of reefs and seamounts that provide cri

40、tical habitat to the countless species of fish and other marine life that inhabit the deep ocean floor由于确定物种丰富地区的能力增强，由于拖网捕捞能到达比过去更深的区域，商业渔船可把足球场大小的拖网撒入海中，碰上什么捕捞什么，同时损坏了脆弱的珊瑚，破坏礁石和海底山的脆弱的结构，而正是这些东西为生活在深海海底的无数鱼类和其它海洋生物提供了赖以生存的场所。 分析 理解结构采分点。 本句用现在分词短语、介词短语和不定式短语作状语的情况较多，翻译时应注意他们在句子中的成分及作用。句首的介词短语和不定式

41、短语 “With enhanced ability both to identify where these species-rich areas are located and to trawl in deeper water than before”应译成两个并列的表原因的完整句子。由 catching, crushing， breaking引导的现在分词短语应同动词 begin一起翻译成并列 的谓语，这样更符合汉语连动式结构。定语从句 that provide critical habitat to the countless species of fish and other mari

42、ne life that inhabit the deep ocean floor译成独立的句子。 7 Because deep sea bottom trawling is a recent phenomenon, the damage that has been done is still limited因为深海海底拖网捕捞是最近才出现的一种现象，它所造 成的损害还是有限的。 分析 理解结构采分点。 这里的原因状语从句本来就是符合汉语的习惯，所以不用改变语序。一般情况下英语总是结果在前而原因在后，在这种情况下，汉语译文就要按汉语习惯调整顺序。原文中还有定语从句被译为加 “的 ”的定语短语。

43、 8 the high seas公海 分析 基本素质采分点。 常用地理知识词汇。 SECTION 2 Optional Translation (30 points) 2 【正确答案】 不是因为我们害怕看到他会因失误而给他辉煌的生涯画上遗憾的一笔。从善意的角度说，我们想让迈克知道，我们仍然欣赏他，至少在我们的记忆中，他仍然是英雄。事实上，我们不想让他重返球场，即使他是迈克尔 ?乔丹。我们觉得这是个贸然之举，我们不想看到自信的商标蜕变成一种自负的象征。我们不想让他重返球场，因为没人喜欢卖弄。失误呢 ?那将会很有趣。 但是我们是有着 225年乐观历史的美国人，我们都是好心人。当乔丹几天前宣布他将在

44、九月重返 NB A时，我们曾为之一振。宣布的前一天，他说过： “我盼望能打球，并希望事情能如愿以偿。有些人怀疑，有些人紧张，都属正常。 ”时代周刊和美国有线新闻网上周做的一项民意调查表明，每两个美国人当中就有一个人希望乔丹尽快重返赛场。只有 2 1的人们认为，如果他的重返导致一场彻底失败，将会损害他的传奇。事实上只有 28的人认为运动员应该在他的运动巅峰时期引退。 与乔丹关系密切的人告诉时代周刊，当乔丹第一次谈到重返他与其他人共同拥有的华盛顿奇才队并为之效力时，一些他最信任的顾问试图私下打消他的愿望。“但他们说，如果试图阻止他，只能坚定他的决心， ”一位 NB A人士如是说。 乔丹复出所产生的

45、问题不仅仅在于他不可能重现 1998年的神话，那一年，他以一个精彩的最后一秒投篮，使球队赢得了冠军，也为自己赢得了第六只金指环。 问题是他重返的动机 他需要人们的关注，需要在 38岁体力不支时，仍然打球。这一切都有悖于他所创造的神话 一个展示绝对控制力的神话。如果说 20世纪的第一个球星巴比 ?鲁斯是一个身材魁梧肥胖的鲁莽之夫和酒鬼天才，乔丹则证明了刚毅所能带来的优雅风度，并以此结束了 20世纪。巴比对观众的颐指气使被乔丹无奈耸肩的魅力所取代。乔丹代表着成功，因为他的 名字没有被他的政治倾向、他的观点或是他的超级明星个性所玷污。乔丹迷就是典雅和自信迷。 明明知道加盟奇才队他将不可能进入联赛第二

46、轮赛事，明明知道他将与联赛最佳投手无缘，他的重返赛场就是一种失控。 乔丹并不在乎我们在想什么。他的朋友说：他把所有奉劝他不要复出的文章都贴在冰箱上作为激励。那么，我们为什么还要喋喋不休地告诉他不要复出呢 ?他依然是迈克尔 ?乔丹。 【试题解析】 1 Its not that we are afraid of seeing him stumble, of scribbling a mustache over his career. 不是因为我们害怕看到他会因失误而给他辉煌的生涯画上遗憾的一笔。 分析 理解结构采分点。 如果直译本句中的后半句 scribbling a mustache over

47、his career, 那就应该是一个不符合汉语表达习惯的短句 “在他的事业上潦草的画上了胡子 ”。因此，用意译的方法更合适。 Its not that 不是因为 。 2 the nice part of us从善意的角度说 分析 理 解结构采分点。 the nice part of us在原句中作主语，但在中文里是状语。 3 The truth, though, is that we dont want him to come back because even for Michael Jordan, this would be an act of hubris so monumental

48、as to make. his trademark confidence twist into conceit事实上，我们不 想让他重返球场，即使他是迈克尔 ?乔丹。我们觉得这是个贸然之举，我们不想看到自信的商标蜕变成一种自负的象征。 分析 理解结构采分点。 采用切断法把原句译成两句话。把原句主句的主语 truth译成状语，即， “事实上 ”。用增词法给表语部分的 come back增加宾语 “球场 ”，使之意思完整。连词because用省略法，不译出，它后面的介词短语 eyen for Michael Jordan可以翻译成让步从句中的从句 “即使他是迈克尔 ?乔丹 ”。这样把 we don

49、t want him to come back because even for Michael Jordan译成了完整的状语从句。而连词 because后的真正从句则译成了另一个独立句子。用切断法按英语句子的 语序把英语长句 “化整为零 ”，即在语句的连接处，如使用关联词语处，并列或转折处，后续成分与整体连接处，以及按意群将长句断开译成多个汉语分句，这样，会使译文逻辑性更强，行文更流畅。 4 an act of hubris贸然之举 分析 用词选词采分点。 hubris 本是 “傲慢 ”之意，文章对乔丹持崇拜态度，因此，不能按字 面来理解翻译。从语气上讲， “贸然 ”比 “傲慢 ”更加适合。本题要根据全文风格和观点确定词语的翻译。 5 NBA 分析 基本素质采分点。 NBA已为中国人所熟悉，不必译出全