[外语类试卷]大学英语四级模拟试卷699及答案与解析.doc
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1、大学英语四级模拟试卷 699及答案与解析 一、 Part I Writing (30 minutes) 1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Students Preference for Famous Brands. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1很多学生穿着讲究名牌 2学生穿名牌的动机 3我的观点 二、 Part II Reading Comprehension (
2、Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-7, mark: Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement
3、contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. 1 Clues to Help Explain the Frequency of Injuries The three women are all serious athletes, and they work together at a small research and development firm in New Jersey. Frequent Inj
4、uries One had a single serious injury when she was a teenager doing gymnastics and skiing. One recently had a hairline crack in the tibia(胫骨 ), a serious-overuse injury from running. And the third has had one injury after another for the last five years. Which do you think is which: Jennifer Davis,
5、38, runs almost every day, at least 10 miles, and wears her running shoes down to a nub. She has had surgery to remove half the meniscus in her left knee after she tore it exercising, and she is missing that piece of cartilage that stabilizes the joint. Tara Martin, 30, is a triathlete who has compe
6、ted in many triathlon sports including the Hawaii Ironman, which consists of a 2.4-mile swim, a 112-mile bike ride and a 26.2-mile run. Birgit Unfried, 26, has been running competitively since high school. She also uses an elliptical cross-trainer, swims and takes spinning classes at her gym. She ra
7、ces in 5K and 10K events, never doing the long-distance training that is needed to run a marathon. O. K. , its a trick question. Birgit has chronic injuries either her knee hurts or she has excruciating shinsplints that keep her from running. Jen, who is my workout partner, tore her meniscus, the ca
8、rtilage that helps stabilize the knee, when she was a teenager. She had surgery at 15 and has not had a serious injury since. And Tara, who is part of a running group that Jen and I belong to, had the hairline crack, a stress fracture, in 2006. The injury, which was devastating and which took three
9、months to heal, occurred just when she was trying to increase her mileage for fall marathons. Explanation and Protection And that leads to some of the most difficult problems in exercise science: Why do some people become injured even though, like Birgit, they try to do everything right while others
10、, like Jen, who flout (蔑视 ) every rule, avoid injury? And how can the injury-prone protect themselves? Exercise scientists say they have a few answers that can help with some common injuries. But all too often injuries remain a mystery and people may have to figure out how much exercise is too much
11、for themselves and what sort of routines tend to produce injuries. “We dont have enough definitive evidence to say, This causes an injury and even if you dont have an injury you should change it,“ said Stephen Messier, who directs the biomechanics lab at Wake Forest University. Much of the work focu
12、ses on running injuries. But the same principles apply to swimming, tennis, bicycling or basketball. “I think that there is a general quality of heartiness, or robustness, that may influence who gets hurt and who doesnt,“ said Carl Foster, director of the human performance laboratory at the Universi
13、ty of Wisconsin, La Crosse. “Ive never seen any systematically collected data, and Im not even sure what one would measure, but anyone who has worked with athletes for any time at all has seen that there are just some people who are fragile and some who arent.“ Sometimes injuries have a simple fix l
14、ike making sure your bicycle fits properly or improving your swimming stroke. More often, they do not. And people tend to get the same injury repeatedly. “My guess is that it is probably your weak link, perhaps due to your structural malalignment,“ said Irene Davis, the research director at the Dray
15、er Physical Therapy Institute at the University of Delaware. “You probably have an innate predisposition for that injury.“ For example, people differ in the way their tissues, bones and ligaments respond to increased training, said Dr. Gordon Matheson, an exercise physiologist and orthopedic surgeon
16、 at Stanford University and a past editor of the journal Physician “Its a big jump from a 9-minute mile to an 8-minute mile, and shock absorption can decrease substantially making that move. “ But Dr. Davis recent research has identified a few biomechanical features of people who tend to get two com
17、mon injuries - runners knee and stress fractures of the tibia and showed that its possible to change peoples biomechanics. The investigators, though, have not yet confirmed those findings with rigorous studies. Dr. Davis said that runners whose knees hurt tended to drop their hip with each step whil
18、e, at the same time, their knees cave inward by an excessive amount. Using a computer monitor and cameras, she showed runners where their hips and knees were when they were running on a treadmill and where they should be. They learned to change their alignment and, according to Dr. Davis, they said
19、their knee pain decreased. Stress fractures of the tibia may have a very different cause, Dr. Davis said. Those who get it often have a characteristic gait, she said. The runners tend to strike the ground hard with their heel. Dr. Daviss solution is to train runners by having them run on treadmills
20、that can measure the force of each step. The runners can see how hard their feet hit the treadmill. That still leaves a lot of injuries that are largely unexplained. And that means that for some people, injuries may just be a fact of life. You Can Still Have Fun Jen seems to get by unscathed. She ra
21、n the Baltimore marathon on Oct. 11, will run the New York City Marathon on Nov. 2, and will compete in a 50-mile race in Maryland a few weeks later. Tara also ran in the Baltimore marathon, three weeks after competing in a triathlon in Maryland, and is training for a marathon in Harrisburg, Pa., on
22、 Nov. 9. And Birgit is still in spinning classes and on the elliptical cross-trainer, hoping to run soon. But that does not mean she cant have fun. Just ask Dr. Alan Garber, a professor of medicine at Stanford who has a daunting injury history and has learned to cope. It began in the late 1970s when
23、 he was preparing for a marathon and got a stress fracture of his tibia. He sought help, changed his shoes, and thought he had solved his problem. Then, a few years ago, he started running the Silicon Valley Marathon but had to stop because he was in such pain. “I could barely walk,“ Dr. Garber said
24、. This time he had a severe stress fracture near where his calf muscles attach to his tibia. It was so bad that Stanford now uses his X-rays as a teaching tool. “Its the worst stress fracture they have ever seen,“ Dr. Garber said. He spent eight weeks on crutches before beginning his path back to ru
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- 外语类 试卷 大学 英语四 模拟 699 答案 解析 DOC
