ASTM C1567-2011 Standard Test Method for Determining the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Combinations of Cementitious Materials and Aggregate (Accelerated Mortar-Bar Method)《.pdf

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1、Designation: C1567 11Standard Test Method forDetermining the Potential Alkali-Silica Reactivity ofCombinations of Cementitious Materials and Aggregate(Accelerated Mortar-Bar Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1567; the number immediately following the designation indicates

2、the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method permits detection within 16 da

3、ys of thepotential for deleterious alkali-silica reaction of combinationsof cementitious materials and aggregate in mortar bars. Thecementitious materials are composed of various proportions ofhydraulic cement, pozzolans and ground granulated blast-furnace slag.1.2 The test results are only valid fo

4、r the specific combina-tions of pozzolan, slag, and reactive aggregates tested.1.3 This test is not suitable for evaluating the potential fordeleterious reaction of combinations of hydraulic cement andaggregate (that is, in the absence of pozzolans or groundgranulated blast-furnace slag).1.4 The val

5、ues stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate sa

6、fety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precau-tionary statement is given in the section on Reagents.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in

7、. or 50-mm CubeSpecimens)C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC127 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Coarse AggregateC128 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (SpecificGravity), and Absorption of Fine AggregateC150 Specificat

8、ion for Portland CementC151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of HydraulicCementC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC490 Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determinationof Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, andConcreteC494

9、/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in theTesting of Hydraulic Cements and ConcretesC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC670 Practi

10、ce for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concreteand MortarsC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixturesC1260 Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Ag-gregates (Mortar-Bar Metho

11、d)C1293 Test Method for Determination of Length Change ofConcrete Due to Alkali-Silica ReactionC1437 Test Method for Flow of Hydraulic Cement MortarD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:1This test method is

12、under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.26 on Chemical Reactions.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011. Published September 2011. Originallyapproved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as C156708.

13、 DOI:10.1520/C1567-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears

14、at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to concrete or aggre-gates, see Terminology C125.3.2 relative density (OD), nas defined in Test MethodsC127 or C128, f

15、or coarse and fine aggregates, respectively.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method provides a means for evaluating theability of pozzolans and ground granulated blast-furnace slagto control deleterious internal expansion due to alkali-silicareaction when used with an aggregate intended for use

16、inconcrete. It is based on the Accelerated Test Method developedat the National Building Research Institute (NBRI) in theRepublic of South Africa (1-4).34.2 This test method has been developed for evaluatingcombinations of certain cementitious materials with a singleaggregate source in a mortar of s

17、tandard proportions. It yieldsan empirical result, which is utilized to compare to criteriawithin some specifications to accept or reject the combinationof materials being evaluated for a particular application.Currently this method has no standard procedure for testingfine and coarse aggregates pro

18、posed for use in concretetogether in a single batch of mortar, nor for varying theproportions of the constituent materials of the mortar beyondthe relative proportions of the individual cementitious materialconstituents to each other, as the significance of these practiceshave not been determined no

19、r have appropriate limits beenestablished for evaluating the results of tests conducted usingthese modifications.4.3 Results obtained using this test method may overesti-mate the reactivity of some types of aggregates if used inservice with the same pozzolans or slag and hydraulic cementof low alkal

20、i content.4.4 Different levels of pozzolan and ground granulatedblast-furnace slag may require testing to determine the amountrequired to reduce expansion to an acceptable level. Pozzolansand ground granulated blast-furnace slag may be tested sepa-rately or in combination.4.5 It is recommended to te

21、st the same aggregate andhydraulic cement (without pozzolans and slag) using TestMethod C1260.4.6 This test method may underestimate the expansion ofcementitious systems containing pozzolans with an alkalicontent 4.0 % sodium oxide equivalent (7-9). It is recom-mended that such materials be tested u

22、sing Test MethodC1293.5. Apparatus5.1 The apparatus shall conform to Practice C490, except asfollows:5.2 SievesSquare hole, woven-wire cloth sieves, shallconform to Specification E11.5.3 Mixer, Paddle, and Mixing BowlMixer, paddle, andmixing bowl shall conform to the requirements of PracticeC305, ex

23、cept that the clearance between the lower end of thepaddle and the bottom of the bowl shall be 5.1 6 0.3 mm.5.4 Tamper and TrowelThe tamper and trowel shall con-form to Test Method C109/C109M.5.5 ContainersThe containers shall be of such a naturethat the bars can be totally immersed in either the wa

24、ter or 1Nsodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. The containers shall bemade of material that can withstand prolonged exposure to 80C and must be resistant to a 1N NaOH solution (see Note 1).The containers must be so constructed that when used forstoring specimens, the loss or gain of moisture is prevente

25、d bytight-fitting covers, by sealing, or both (see Note 2). The barsin the solution must be placed and supported so that thesolution has access to the entire surface of each bar; therefore,ensure that the specimens do not touch the sides of thecontainer or each other. The specimens, if stood upright

26、 in thesolution, shall not be supported by the metal gage stud.NOTE 1The NaOH solution corrodes glass or metal containers.NOTE 2Some microwave-proof food storage containers made ofpolypropylene or high-density polythylene have been found to be accept-able.5.6 Oven, or Water BathA convection oven or

27、water bathwith temperature control maintaining 80.0 6 2.0 C.6. Reagents6.1 Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)USP or technical grademay be used, provided the Na+and OH-concentrations areshown by chemical analysis to lie between 0.99N and 1.01N.6.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, referencesto water sh

28、all be understood to mean reagent water conformingto Type IV of Specification D1193.6.3 Sodium Hydroxide SolutionEach litre of solution shallcontain 40.0 g of NaOH dissolved in 900 mL of water, andshall be diluted with additional distilled or deionized water toobtain 1.0 L of solution. The volume pr

29、oportion of sodiumhydroxide solution to mortar bars in a storage container shallbe 4 6 0.5 volumes of solution to 1 volume of mortar bars. Thevolume of a mortar bar may be taken as 184 mL. Includesufficient test solution to ensure complete immersion of themortar bars.6.3.1 WarningBefore using NaOH,

30、review: (1) the safetyprecautions for using NaOH; (2) first aid for burns; and (3) theemergency response to spills, as described in the manufactur-ers Material Safety Data Sheet or other reliable safety litera-ture. NaOH can cause very severe burns and injury to unpro-tected skin and eyes. Suitable

31、personal protective equipmentmust always be used. These include full-face shields, rubberaprons, and gloves impervious to NaOH. Gloves must bechecked periodically for pinholes.7. Conditioning7.1 Maintain the temperature of the molding room and drymaterials at not less than 20 C and not more than 27.

32、5 C. Thetemperature of the mixing water, and of the moist closet ormoist room, shall not vary from 23 C by more than 2 C.7.2 Maintain the relative humidity of the molding room atnot less than 50 %. The moist closet or room shall conform toSpecification C511.7.3 Maintain the storage oven or water bat

33、h in which thespecimens are stored at a temperature of 80.0 6 2.0 C.3The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthe text.C1567 1128. Sampling and Preparation of Test Specimens8.1 Selection of AggregateProcess materials proposed foruse as fine aggregate in concrete

34、 as described in 8.2 with aminimum of crushing. Process materials proposed for use ascoarse aggregate in concrete by crushing to produce as nearlyas practical a graded product from which a sample can beobtained. Grade the sample as prescribed in Table 1. Thesample shall represent the composition of

35、the coarse aggregateas proposed for use.8.1.1 When a given quarried material is proposed for useboth as coarse and as fine aggregate, test only a selection of thefine aggregate, unless there is reason to expect that the coarseaggregate has a different composition than the fine aggregate.If such a di

36、fference is expected and if the differences mightsignificantly affect expansion due to reaction with the alkaliesin cement or from the environment of service, test the coarseaggregate in a manner similar to that employed in testing thefine aggregate.8.2 Preparation of AggregateGrade aggregates to pr

37、ovidea sample meeting the requirements given in Table 1. Crushaggregates in which sufficient quantities of the sizes specifiedin Table 1 do not exist until the required material has beenproduced. In the case of aggregates containing insufficientamounts of one or more of the larger sizes listed in Ta

38、ble 1, andif no larger material is available for crushing, the first size inwhich sufficient material is available shall contain the cumu-lative percentage of material down to that size as determinedfrom the grading specified in Table 1. When such proceduresare required, make a special note thereof

39、in the test report.After the aggregate has been separated into the various sievesizes, wash each size with a water spray over the sieve toremove adhering dust and fine particles from the aggregate.Dry the portions retained on the various sieves and, unless usedimmediately, store each such portion in

40、dividually in a cleancontainer provided with a tight-fitting cover.8.3 Selection and Preparation of Cement:8.3.1 Hydraulic CementUse a hydraulic cement meetingthe requirements of Specification C150 (Note 3). In addition,the autoclave expansion in Test Method C151 shall be less than0.20 %.NOTE 3The a

41、lkali content of the cement has been found to havenegligible (3) or minor (6) effects on expansion in this test.8.3.2 Preparation of CementPass cement for use in thistest through an 850-m (No. 20) sieve to remove lumps beforeuse.8.4 Selection of pozzolan or ground granulated blast-furnace slagUse on

42、e, or a combination, of the following:8.4.1 Fly ash or natural pozzolan meeting the requirementsof Specification C618.8.4.2 Silica fume meeting the requirements of SpecificationC1240.8.4.3 Ground granulated blast furnace slag meeting therequirements of Specification C989.8.5 Preparation of Test Spec

43、imens:8.5.1 Number of SpecimensMake at least three test speci-mens for each cementitious materials-aggregate combination.8.5.2 Preparation of MoldsPrepare the specimen molds inaccordance with the requirements of Practice C490 except, theinterior surfaces of the molds shall be covered with a releasea

44、gent (see Note 4). A release agent is acceptable if it serves asa parting agent without affecting the time of setting of thecement and without leaving any residue that will inhibit thepenetration of water into the specimen.NOTE 4TFE-fluorocarbon tape complies with the requirements for amold release

45、agent.8.5.3 Proportioning of MortarProportion the dry materi-als for the test mortar using 1 part of cementitious materials(hydraulic cement plus pozzolan or ground granulated blast-furnace slag) to 2.25 parts of graded aggregate by mass foraggregates with a relative density (OD) at or above 2.45. F

46、oraggregates with a relative density (OD) below 2.45, determinethe aggregate proportion as follows:Aggregate Proportion 5 2.25 3D2.65where:D = relative density (OD) of test aggregate.8.5.3.1 For aggregates with a relative density (OD) equal toor greater than 2.45, the quantities of dry materials to

47、be mixedat one time in the batch of mortar for making three specimensshall be 440 g of cementitious material and 990 g of aggregatemade up by recombining the portions retained on the varioussieves in the grading prescribed in Table 1. Use a water-cementratio equal to 0.47 by mass (see Note 5).8.5.3.

48、2 For aggregates with a relative density (OD) less than2.45, the quantities of dry materials to be mixed at one time inthe batch of mortar for making three specimens shall be 440 gof cementitious material and mass of aggregate shall be 440 gmultiplied by the aggregate proportion determined in 8.5.3.

49、This aggregate mass shall be made up by recombining theportions retained on the various sieves in the grading pre-scribed in Table 1. Use a water-cementitious material ratioequal to 0.47 by mass (see Note 5).NOTE 5Ruggedness tests indicated that mortar bar expansions wereless variable at a fixed water-cement ratio than when gauged to a constantflow (3).8.5.3.3 If silica fume or metakaolin are used, a high rangewater reducer (HRWR), meeting the requirements of Specifi-cation C494/C494M Type F, shall be used (if necessary) toprovide adequate dispersion