ASTM C1322-2005be1 Standard Practice for Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics《高级陶瓷中断裂点的断口组织检查和特性的标准实施规程》.pdf
《ASTM C1322-2005be1 Standard Practice for Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics《高级陶瓷中断裂点的断口组织检查和特性的标准实施规程》.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《ASTM C1322-2005be1 Standard Practice for Fractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins in Advanced Ceramics《高级陶瓷中断裂点的断口组织检查和特性的标准实施规程》.pdf(51页珍藏版)》请在麦多课文档分享上搜索。
1、Designation: C 1322 05b1Standard Practice forFractography and Characterization of Fracture Origins inAdvanced Ceramics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1322; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEAdded research report footnote to Section X3.1 editorially in September 2008.1. Scope1.1 The objective of this practi
3、ce is to provide an efficientand consistent methodology to locate and characterize fractureorigins in advanced ceramics. It is applicable to advancedceramics which are brittle; that is, the material adheres toHookes Law up to fracture. In such materials, fracturecommences from a single location whic
4、h is termed the fractureorigin. The fracture origin in brittle ceramics normally consistsof some irregularity or singularity in the material which acts asa stress concentrator. In the parlance of the engineer orscientist, these irregularities are termed flaws or defects. Thelatter should not be cons
5、trued to mean that the material hasbeen prepared improperly or is somehow faulty.1.2 Although this practice is primarily intended for labora-tory test piece analysis, the general concepts and proceduresmay be applied to component failure analyses as well. In manycases, component failure analysis may
6、 be aided by cuttinglaboratory test pieces out of the component. Informationgleaned from testing the laboratory pieces (for example, flawtypes, general fracture features, fracture mirror constants) maythen aid interpretation of component fractures. For moreinformation on component fracture analysis,
7、 see Ref (1).21.3 This practice supersedes Military Handbook 790.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the appl
8、ica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C 162 Terminology of Glass and Glass ProductsC 242 Terminology of Ceramic Whitewares and RelatedProductsC 1036 Specification for Flat GlassC 1145 Terminology of Advanced CeramicsC 1161 Test Method for Flexur
9、al Strength of AdvancedCeramics at Ambient TemperatureC 1211 Test Method for Flexural Strength of AdvancedCeramics at Elevated TemperaturesC 1239 Practice for Reporting Uniaxial Strength Data andEstimating Weibull Distribution Parameters for AdvancedCeramicsF 109 Terminology Relating to Surface Impe
10、rfections onCeramics2.2 Military Standard:4Military Handbook 790, Fractography and Characterizationof Fracture Origins in Advanced Structural Ceramics,19923. Terminology3.1 GeneralThe following terms are given as a basis foridentifying fracture origins that are common to advancedceramics. It should
11、be recognized that origins can manifestthemselves differently in various materials. The photographs inAppendix X1 show examples of the origins defined in 3.11 and3.20. Terms that are contained in other ASTM standards arenoted at the end of the each definition.1This practice is under the jurisdiction
12、 of ASTM Committee C28 on AdvancedCeramics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C28.01 on MechanicalProperties and Performance.Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published July 2005. Originally approvedin 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C 1322 05a.2The boldface number
13、s in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onth
14、e ASTM website.4Available from Army Research Laboratory-Materials Directorate, AberdeenProving Ground, MD 21005.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2 advanced ceramic, na highly engineered, high-performance, predominate
15、ly nonmetallic, inorganic, ceramicmaterial having specific functional attributes. C 11453.3 brittle fracture, nfracture that takes place with little orno preceding plastic deformation.3.4 flaw, nstructural discontinuity in an advanced ceramicbody that acts as a highly localized stress raiser.NOTE 1T
16、he presence of such discontinuities does not necessarilyimply that the ceramic has been prepared improperly or is faulty.3.5 fractography, nmeans and methods for characterizinga fractured specimen or component. C 11453.6 fracture mirror, nas used in fractography of brittlematerials, a relatively smo
17、oth region in the immediate vicinityof and surrounding the fracture origin.3.7 fracture origin, nthe source from which brittle frac-ture commences. C 11453.8 grain boundary, n (GB)as used in fractography, avolume-distributed flaw that is a boundary facet between twoor more grains.NOTE 2This flaw is
18、most apt to be strength limiting in course-grainedceramics.3.9 hackleas used in fractography, a line or lines on thecrack surface running in the local direction of cracking,separating parallel but non-coplanar portions of the cracksurface.3.10 mist, nas used in fractography of brittle materials,mark
19、ings on the surface of an accelerating crack close to itseffective terminal velocity, observable first as a misty appear-ance and with increasing velocity reveals a fibrous texture,elongated in the direction of crack propagation.3.11 Inherently Volume-Distributed Origins:3.12 agglomerate, n, (A)as u
20、sed in fractography, avolume-distributed flaw that is a cluster of grains, particles,platelets, or whiskers, or a combination thereof, present in alarger solid mass. C 11453.13 compositional inhomogeneity, n, (CI)as used in frac-tography, a volume-distributed flaw that is a microstructuralirregulari
21、ty related to the nonuniform distribution of theprimary constituents or an additive or second phase. C 11453.14 crack, n, (CK)as used in fractography, a volume- orsurface-distributed flaw that is a surface of fracture withoutcomplete separation. C 11453.15 inclusion, n, (I)as used in fractography, a
22、 volume-distributed flaw that is a foreign body that has a compositiondifferent from the nominal composition of the bulk advancedceramic. C 11453.16 large grain(s), n, (LG)as used in fractography, avolume- or surface-distributed flaw that is a single (or clusterof) grain(s) having a size significant
23、ly greater than thatencompassed by the normal grain size distribution. C 11453.17 pore, n, (P(V)as used in fractography, a volume-distributed flaw that is a discrete cavity or void in a solidmaterial. C 11453.18 porous region, n, (PR)as used in fractography, avolume-distributed flaw that is a 3-dime
24、nsional zone of poros-ity or microporosity. C 11453.19 porous seam, n, (PS)as used in fractography, avolume-distributed flaw that is a 2-dimensional area of porosityor microporosity. C 11453.20 Inherently Surface-Distributed Origins:3.21 handling damage, n, (HD)as used in fractography,surface-distri
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