ASTM B734-1997(2018) Standard Specification for Electrodeposited Copper for Engineering Uses.pdf

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1、Designation: B734 97 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Specification forElectrodeposited Copper for Engineering Uses1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B734; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last

2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers requirements for electrodepos-ited coatings of copper used for engineering purposes. Ex-amples i

3、nclude surface hardening, heat treatment stop-off, asan underplate for other engineering coatings, for electromag-netic interferences (EMI) shielding in electronic circuitry, andin certain joining operations.1.2 This specification is not intended for electrodepositedcopper when used as a decorative

4、finish, or as an undercoat forother decorative finishes.1.3 This specification is not intended for electrodepositedcopper when used for electroforming.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decisi

5、on on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B320 Practice for Preparation of Iron Castings for Electro-platingB374 Terminology

6、Relating to ElectroplatingB487 Test Method for Measurement of Metal and OxideCoating Thickness by Microscopical Examination ofCross SectionB499 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknessesby the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings onMagnetic Basis MetalsB504 Test Method for Measurement of Th

7、ickness of Metal-lic Coatings by the Coulometric MethodB507 Practice for Design of Articles to Be Electroplated onRacksB568 Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknessby X-Ray SpectrometryB571 Practice for Qualitative Adhesion Testing of MetallicCoatingsB588 Test Method for Measurement of Thick

8、ness of Trans-parent or Opaque Coatings by Double-Beam InterferenceMicroscope Technique (Withdrawn 2016)3B602 Test Method for Attribute Sampling of Metallic andInorganic CoatingsB678 Test Method for Solderability of Metallic-CoatedProductsB697 Guide for Selection of Sampling Plans for Inspectionof E

9、lectrodeposited Metallic and Inorganic CoatingsB762 Test Method of Variables Sampling of Metallic andInorganic CoatingsB765 Guide for Selection of Porosity and Gross Defect Testsfor Electrodeposits and Related Metallic CoatingsB832 Guide for Electroforming with Nickel and CopperB849 Specification fo

10、r Pre-Treatments of Iron or Steel forReducing Risk of Hydrogen EmbrittlementB850 Guide for Post-Coating Treatments of Steel for Reduc-ing the Risk of Hydrogen EmbrittlementB851 Specification for Automated Controlled Shot Peeningof Metallic Articles Prior to Nickel, Autocatalytic Nickel,or Chromium P

11、lating, or as Final FinishD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingF519 Test Method for Mechanical Hydrogen EmbrittlementEvaluation of Plating/Coating Processes and Service En-vironments2.2 Military Standard:MIL-R-81841 Rotary Flap Peening of Metal Parts4MIL-S-13165 Shot Peening of Metal Parts4MIL-W-8

12、1840 Rotary Flap Peening Wheels43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 significant surfacesthose surfaces normally visible(directly or by reflection) that are essential to the appearance orserviceability of the article when assembled in a normal1This specification is

13、under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B08 onMetallic and Inorganic Coatings and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB08.03 on Engineering Coatings.Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as B734 97 (201

14、3).DOI: 10.1520/B0734-97R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of thi

15、s historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. Attn: NPODS.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis

16、international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT

17、) Committee.1position; or which can be the source of corrosion products thatdeface visible surfaces on the assembled article. Whennecessary, the significant surface shall be indicated on thedrawing of the article, or by the provision of suitably markedsamples.NOTE 1When significant surfaces are invo

18、lved on which the specifiedthickness of coating cannot readily be controlled, such as threads, holes,deep recesses, and bases of angles, it will be necessary to apply thickercoatings on the more accessible surfaces, or to use special racking or both.3.1.2 inspection lota collection of coated article

19、s that; areof the same type; have been produced to the same specifica-tions; have been coated by a single supplier at one time, or atapproximately the same time, under essentially identical con-ditions; and are submitted for acceptance or rejection as agroup.3.2 DefinitionsFor definitions of the tec

20、hnical terms usedin this specification see Terminology B374.4. Classification4.1 The electrodeposited copper is classified according tothickness of the electrodeposit in the following table:Class Minimum Thickness, m25 2520 2012 1255x Thickness specifiedNOTE 2For electroforming applications, that re

21、quire much thickerapplications, see Guide B832.5. Ordering Information5.1 The buyer shall supply to the producer in the purchaseorder or engineering drawings; marked samples or othergoverning documents the following information:5.1.1 Title, ASTM designation number (SpecificationB734), and date of is

22、sue.5.1.2 Classification or thickness of electrodeposited copper(see 4.1),5.1.3 Significant surfaces if other than defined in 3.1.1,5.1.4 Sampling plan (Section 7),5.1.5 Number of test specimens for destructive testing(Section 8), and5.1.6 Thickness, adhesion, solderability, porosity and num-ber of

23、pores acceptable, or hydrogen embrittlement tests andmethods required (Section 8).5.2 Where required, dimensional tolerances allowed for thespecified electroplated copper thickness shall be specified.5.3 In addition to the requirements of 5.1 and when the partsto be electroplated are supplied to the

24、 electroplater by thebuyer, the buyer shall also supply the following information asrequired.5.3.1 Identity of the base material by alloy identificationsuch as ASTM, AISI, or SAE numbers, or equivalent compo-sition information,5.3.2 Hardness of the parts, and5.3.3 Heat treatment for stress relief, w

25、hether it has beenperformed or is required.5.4 If required by either party, the manufacturer of the partsto be electroplated shall provide the electroplating facility withseparate test specimens (see section 8.1).6. Coating Requirements6.1 AppearanceThe coating on the significant surfaces ofthe prod

26、uct shall be smooth and free of visual defects such asblisters, pits, roughness, cracks, flaking, burned deposits, anduncoated areas. The boundaries of electroplating that coveronly a portion of the surface shall, after finishing as indicatedin the drawing, be free of beads, nodules, jagged edges an

27、dother detrimental irregularities. Imperfections and variations inappearance in the coating that arise from surface conditions ofthe basis metal (scratches, pores, roll marks, inclusions, etc.)and that persist in the finish despite the observance of goodmetal finishing practices shall not be cause f

28、or rejection.NOTE 3Electroplated finishes generally perform better when thesubstrate over which they are applied is smooth and free of deep scratches,torn metal, pores, inclusions, and other defects. It is recommended that thespecifications covering the unfinished product provide limits for thesedef

29、ects. A metal finisher can often remove defects through specialtreatments such as grinding, polishing, abrasive blasting, and specialchemical treatments. However, these are not normal treatment steps.When they are desired, they must be agreed upon between the buyer andthe producer.6.2 ThicknessThe t

30、hickness of the copper coating on thesignificant surfaces shall conform to the requirements of thespecified class as defined in Section 4.NOTE 4Variation in the coating thickness from point-to-point on acoated article is an inherent characteristic of electroplating processes.Therefore, the coating t

31、hickness will have to exceed the specified value atsome points on the significant surfaces to ensure that the thickness equalsor exceeds the specified value at all points.As a result, the average coatingthickness on an article will usually be greater than the specified value; howmuch greater is larg

32、ely determined by the shape of the article (see PracticeB507) and the characteristics of the electroplating process. Additionally,the average coating thickness on an article will vary from article to articlewithin a production lot. Therefore, if all of the articles in a production lotare to meet the

33、 thickness requirement, the average coating thickness of theproduction lot as a whole will be greater than the average necessary toensure that a single article meets the requirements.NOTE 5When electroplating threaded parts such as machine screws,care is required to avoid too much plate buildup on t

34、he crest of the thread.In such applications a maximum plate thickness allowable on the crestsmay require that thicknesses in other areas be thinner.6.3 PorosityWhen specified, the coating shall be suffi-ciently free of pores to pass the porosity test specified in 8.4.6.4 SolderabilityWhen specified,

35、 the coating shall meetthe requirements of Test Method B678.6.5 Pretreatment of Iron and Steel for Reducing the Risk ofHydrogen EmbrittlementParts for critical applications thatare made of steels with ultimate tensile strengths of 1000 MPa,hardness of 31 HRC or greater, that have been machined,groun

36、d, cold formed, or cold straightened subsequent to heattreatment, shall require stress relief heat treatment whenspecified by the purchaser, the tensile strength to be suppliedby the purchaser. Specification B849 may be consulted for alist of pretreatments that are used widely.6.6 Post Coating Treat

37、ment of Iron and Steel for Reducingthe Risk of Hydrogen EmbrittlementParts for critical appli-cations that are made of steels with ultimate tensile strengths ofB734 97 (2018)21000 MPa, hardness of 31 HRC or greater, as well as surfacehardened parts, shall require post coating hydrogen embrittle-ment

38、 relief baking when specified by the purchaser, the tensilestrength to be supplied by the purchaser. Specification B850may be consulted for a list of post treatments that are usedwidely.6.7 Peening of Metal PartsIf peening is required beforeelectroplating to induce residual compressive stress to inc

39、reasefatique strength and resistance to stress corrosion cracking ofthe metal parts, refer to MIL-S-13165, MIL-R-81841, MIL-W-81840, and Specification B851.6.8 Supplementary Requirements:6.8.1 PackagingIf packaging requirements are to be metunder this specification, they shall be in accordance withP

40、ractice D3951, or as specified in the contract or order.(WarningSome contemporary packaging materials mayemit fumes that are deleterious to the surface of the coating.)7. Sampling7.1 The sampling plan used for the inspection of a quantityof the coated articles shall be as agreed upon between thepurc

41、haser and the seller.NOTE 6Usually, when a collection of coated articles, the inspectionlot (7.2), is examined for compliance with the requirements placed on thearticles, a relatively small number of the articles, the sample, is selected atrandom and is inspected. The inspection lot then is classifi

42、ed as complyingor not complying with the requirements based on the results of theinspection of the sample. The size of the sample and the criteria ofcompliance are determined by the application of statistics. The procedureis known as sampling inspection. Three standards, Test Method B602,Guide B697,

43、 and Method B762 contain sampling plans that are designedfor the sampling inspection of coatings. Test Method B602 contains foursampling plans, three for use with tests that are non-destructive and onewhen they are destructive. The buyer and seller may agree on the plan orplans to be used. If they d

44、o not, Test Method B602 identifies the plan tobe used. Guide B697 provides a large number of plans and also givesguidance in the selection of a plan. When Guide B697 is specified, thebuyer and seller need to agree on the plan to be used. Methods B762 canbe used only for coating requirements that hav

45、e numerical limit, such ascoating thickness. The test must yield a numerical value and certainstatistical requirements must be met. Methods B762 contains several plansand also gives instructions for calculating plans to meet special needs. Thebuyer and the seller may agree on the plan or plans to be

46、 used. If they donot, Methods B762 identifies the plan to be used.NOTE 7When both destructive and non-destructive tests exist for themeasurement of a characteristic, the purchaser needs to state which is tobe used so that the proper sampling plan is selected.Atest may destroy thecoating but in a non

47、-critical area; or, although it may destroy the coating,a tested part can be reclaimed by stripping and recoating. The purchaserneeds to state whether the test is to be considered destructive ornon-destructive.7.2 An inspection lot shall be defined as a collection ofcoated articles that are of the s

48、ame kind, that have beenproduced to the same specifications, that have been coated bya single supplier at one time, or at approximately the same timeunder essentially identical conditions, and that are submittedfor acceptance or rejection as a group.7.3 If special test specimens are used to represen

49、t the coatedarticles in a test, the number used shall be that required in 8.1.1.8. Test Methods8.1 The permission or the requirement to use special testspecimens, the number to be used, the material from whichthey are to be made, and their shape and size shall be stated bythe purchaser.NOTE 8Test specimens often are used to represent the coated articlesin a test if the articles are of a size, shape, or material that is not suitablefor the test, or if it is preferred not to submit articles to a destructive testbecause, for example, the articles are expensive or f