ASTM B440-2012(2017) Standard Specification for Cadmium《镉的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: B440 12 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Specification forCadmium1This standard is issued under the fixed designation B440; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses in

2、dicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers refined cadmium metal in slab,ball or stick form.1.2 ToxicityWarning: Soluble and respirable forms ofcadmium may be harmful to human

3、health and the environmentin certain forms and concentrations. Therefore, ingestion andinhalation of cadmium should be controlled under the appro-priate regulations of the U.S. Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration (OSHA). Cadmium-containing alloys and coat-ings should not be used on articles

4、 that will contact food orbeverages, or for dental and other equipment that is normallyinserted in the mouth. Similarly, if articles using cadmium-containing alloys or coatings are welded, soldered, brazed,ground, “flame-cut,” or otherwise heated during fabrication,adequate ventilation must be provi

5、ded to maintain occupationalcadmium exposure below the OSHA Permissible ExposureLevel (PEL).1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered st

6、andard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to become familiarwith all hazards including those identified in the appropriateSafety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as p

7、rovidedby the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health,and environmental practices, and determine the applicabilityof regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization establish

8、ed in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B899 Terminology Relating to Non-ferrous Metals and Al-loysE29 Prac

9、tice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with SpecificationsE88 Practice for Sampling Nonferrous Metals and Alloys inCast Form for Determination of Chemical CompositionE396 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of CadmiumE527 Practice for Numbering Metals and Alloys in the

10、Unified Numbering System (UNS)3. Terminology3.1 Terms shall be defined in accordance with TerminologyB899.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for cadmium under this specification shall in-clude the following information:4.1.1 ASTM designation,4.1.2 Quantity (weight),4.1.3 Grade (Table 1), and4.1.4 Sha

11、pe and size (Section 7).5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The cadmium shall be furnished in commercial standardforms or shapes requested by purchaser.6. Chemical Requirements6.1 The cadmium supplied shall conform to the require-ments of Table 1 for one of the three grades.7. Shape and Size7.1 Various

12、forms and sizes of commercially availablecadmium are:Form Shape and SizeBall Spherical, about 2 in. (50.8 mm) in diameterStick Bar, about 9 12 38 in. (229 9.5 mm) or stick about 9 12 in.(229 12.7 mm) in diameter.Slab Plate or bar, varying in weight from about 20 to 60 lb (9.0 to 27.2kg)1This specifi

13、cation is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B02 onNonferrous Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeB02.04 on Zinc and Cadmium.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2017. Published November 2017. Originallyapproved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as B440

14、12. DOI:10.1520/B0440-12R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100

15、 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Re

16、commendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.17.2 Cadmium may be ordered in other shapes and sizes asmutually agreed.8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance8.1 The supplier shall use care to have the quality of each lotof cadmium as uniform as possi

17、ble.8.2 The cadmium shall be reasonably free of adheringforeign material.9. Sampling for Chemical Analysis9.1 The producer may obtain representative samples fromthe molten metal during casting, and all or part of thesesamples may be cast into shapes suitable for analysis.9.2 For sampling cadmium in

18、slab form a minimum of twopieces shall be selected for shipments of 500 lb (227 kg) orless, three pieces for shipments of 500 to 1000 lb (227 to 454kg), and one additional piece for each additional 1000 lb (454kg) or part thereof. For cadmium in ball or stick form aminimum of four pieces shall be se

19、lected for shipments of 500lb (227 kg) or less, six pieces for shipments of 500 to 1000 lb(227 to 454 kg) and two additional pieces for each additional1000 lb (454 kg) or part thereof.9.3 The selected pieces shall be cleaned to rid the surface ofextraneous material and then sawed, drilled, or milled

20、, carebeing taken to avoid errors due to segregation within thepieces. The saw, drill, or cutter used shall be thoroughlycleaned. No lubricant shall be used in the operation, and thesawings, drillings, or millings shall be treated with a magnet toremove any particles of steel introduced in the takin

21、g of thesamples. Equal weights of the sawings, drillings, or millingsshall be taken from each piece sampled, and then combinedinto one sample and thoroughly mixed. The total sampleweight shall be not less than 300 g.9.4 In those cases where the cadmium involved is in someother shape or form that doe

22、s not lend itself to any of the abovemethods, the sampling procedure shall be agreed upon betweenthe manufacturer or seller and purchaser. The method of 9.1offers many advantages.9.5 Aspects of sampling and sample preparation not coveredspecifically in this specification shall be carried out in acco

23、r-dance with Practice E88.10. Method of Chemical Analysis10.1 The chemical requirements enumerated in Table 1shall, in case of disagreement, be determined by methodsmutually agreed upon or by Test Methods E396.11. Rejection11.1 Material which fails to conform to the requirements ofthis specification

24、 may be rejected.12. Claims12.1 Claims to be considered shall be made to manufactureror seller in writing within 30 days of receipt of material at thepurchasers plant, and the results of the test made by thepurchaser shall accompany such claims. The manufacturer orseller shall be given 2 weeks from

25、the receipt of the complaintto investigate his records and shall either agree to satisfy theclaim, obtain a sample of the metal for investigation, or send arepresentative to the plant of the purchaser.12.2 No claims shall be considered unless the minimumnumber of samples of unused cadmium shapes can

26、 be shown tosuch representative.12.3 In a question of chemical composition, a sample shallbe drawn by representatives of both parties in accordance withSection 10. The properly mixed and quartered sample shall beseparated into three parts, each of which shall be placed in asealed package, one for th

27、e manufacturer or seller, one for thepurchaser and one for an umpire, if necessary. The manufac-turer or seller and purchaser shall each perform an analysis. Ifthe results do not establish or dismiss the claim to thesatisfaction of both parties, the third sample shall be submittedto a mutually agree

28、able umpire who shall determine thequestion of quality and whose determination shall be final.13. Product Marking13.1 The outside container shall be marked in such a waythat the manufacturer or seller may be identified. The indi-vidual pieces of cadmium may also be marked at the discretionof the man

29、ufacturer or seller.14. Keywords14.1 cadmium; cadmium metalTABLE 1 Chemical RequirementsANOTE 1With the mutual agreement of the buyer and seller, chemicallimits for Tin, Silver, Antimony, Arsenic, and Mercury may also beassigned to the grades 99.95 and 99.99 Cd.ElementGrade(UNS)B99.95 Cd(L01951)99.9

30、9 Cd(L01971)99.995 Cd(L01981)Cadmium, min.A99.95 % 99.99 % 99.995 %Iron, max. ppm . 10 5Copper, max. ppm 150 20 5Nickel, max. ppm . 10 5Lead, max. ppm 250 100 20Zinc, max. ppm 350 30 5Thallium, max. ppm 35 35 5Tin, max. ppm . . 1Silver, max. ppm . . 1Antimony, max. ppm . . 0.1Arsenic, max. ppm . . 1

31、Mercury, max. ppm . . 0.1ADetermined by difference.BUNS designations were established in accordance with Practice E527.B440 12 (2017)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standa

32、rd are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif

33、 not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, whi

34、ch you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,U

35、nited States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 12 (2017)3