ASTM A759-2000(2005) Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Crane Rails《起重机用碳钢轨条的标准规范》.pdf

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1、Designation: A 759 00 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Specification forCarbon Steel Crane Rails1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 759; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe

2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers carbon steel crane rails ofspeci

3、al designs only, and nominal weights of 104 lb/yd (51.6kg/m) through 175 lb/yd (86.8 kg/m) for crane runway use.1.2 When standard tee rail sections are desired, they shall beordered in accordance with Specification A1.1.3 Supplementary Requirements S1 through S4 of anoptional nature are provided. Th

4、ey shall apply only whenspecified by the purchaser in the order.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A1 Specification for Carbon Steel Tee RailsA 700 Practices for Packaging, Marking, and LoadingMethods for Steel Produ

5、cts for Domestic Shipment2.2 Design details for the special crane rails are indicated inthe crane rail catalogs of individual manufacturers, and re-ferred to in the following documents:American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. (AISC),Manual of Steel Construction, Seventh Edition, pp.1136 and 11

6、373Association of Iron and Steel Engineers (AISE), StandardNo. 6, May 1, 1969, pp. MD-22 through MD-254Crane Manufacturers Association, Inc. (CMAA), Specifica-tion No. 70, 1971, pp. 20 and 3453. Ordering Information3.1 Orders for crane rails under this specification shallinclude the following inform

7、ation as appropriate:3.1.1 Quantity (tons or pieces),3.1.2 ASTM designation and year of issue,3.1.3 Complete identification of section with dimensionaldrawing if required (see 2.1 and 2.2),3.1.4 Length of rails or length of runway as required, (see6.3),3.1.5 Arrangement of drilled bolt holes with di

8、mensionaldrawing if required,3.1.6 Supplementary requirements that shall apply (see S1through S4), and3.1.7 Certification and Test Report Requirements (see Sec-tion 10).4. Manufacture4.1 Melting Practice:The steel shall be made by any ofthe following processes: basic-oxygen or electric-furnace.4.1.1

9、 The steel may be cast by a continuous process, or iningots.4.2 DiscardA sufficient discard shall be made to securefreedom from injurious segregation and piping.4.3 Control Cooling:4.3.1 Rails shall be control cooled in accordance with thefollowing procedure, except when produced from vacuum-degasse

10、d steel or control cooled blooms, in which case the railsmay be air cooled and 4.3.2 through 4.3.6 are not applicable.4.3.2 All rails shall be cooled on hot beds or runways untilfull transformation is accomplished, and then charge immedi-ately into the containers. In no case should the rail be charg

11、edbelow 725F (386C).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.01 on Steel Rails and Accessories.Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published March 2005. Originallyapproved i

12、n 1978. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as A 759 00.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3A

13、vailable from the American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc., 1 EastWacker Dr., Ste. 3100, Chicago, IL 60601.4Available from the Association of Iron and Steel Engineers, 3 Gateway Center,Pittsburgh, PA 15222.5Available from the Crane Manufacturers Association of America, Inc., 8720Red Oak Blvd.,

14、 Ste. 201, Charlotte, NC 28217.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.3.3 The temperature of the rails before charging shall bedetermined with reliable equipment at the head of the rail atleast 12 in. (305 mm) from the end

15、.4.3.4 The cover shall be placed on the container immedi-ately after completion of the charge and shall remain in placefor at least 10 h. After the removal or raising of the lid of thecontainer, no rails shall be removed until the temperature of thetop layer of rails has fallen to 300F (149C) or low

16、er.4.3.5 The temperature between an outside rail and theadjacent rail in the bottom tier of the container at a point notless than 12 in. (305 mm), nor more than 36 in. (914 mm), fromthe rail end shall be recorded. This temperature shall be thecontrol for judging rate of cooling.4.3.6 The container s

17、hall be so protected and insulated thatthe control temperature shall not drop below 300F (149C) in7 h from the time that the bottom tier is placed in the container.If this cooling requirement is not met, the rails shall beconsidered control cooled provided the temperature at alocation not less than

18、12 in. (305 mm) from the end of a rail atapproximately the center of the middle tier does not drop below300F (149C) in less than 15 h.4.4 End HardeningWhen specified in accordance withSupplementary Requirement S1, certain section crane railsshall be end hardened.4.5 High Strength RailsWhen specified

19、 in accordancewith Supplementary Requirement S2, all or a portion of thequantity of rails ordered shall be high strength.4.6 ChamferingWhen specified in accordance withSupplementary Requirement S3, the ends of rails shall bechamfered.4.7 Ends Prepared for Electric Arc WeldingWhen railsare to be join

20、ed by electric arc welding, special end preparationmay be available from individual manufacturers as may bedeveloped in accordance with Supplementary Requirement S4.5. Chemical Requirements5.1 Heat or Cast AnalysisAn analysis for each heat orcast of steel shall be made by the manufacturer to determi

21、ne thepercentage of the elements specified in Table 1. The analysisshall be made from a test sample taken preferably during thepouring of the heat or cast and shall conform to the require-ments in Table 1.5.2 When ladle tests are not available, finished materialrepresenting the heat may be product t

22、ested. The productanalysis allowance beyond the limits of the specified ladleanalysis shall be within the limits for product analyses speci-fied in Table 2.6. Permissible Variations of Dimension, Weight, andOther Physical Attributes6.1 Section:6.1.1 The section of the rail shall conform to the desig

23、nspecified by the purchaser.6.1.2 A variation of132 in. (0.8 mm) less or132 in. greaterthan the specified height will be permitted.6.1.3 A variation of116 in. (1.6 mm) in the width of eitherflange will be permitted for sections other than 175 lb/yd (86.8kg/m), but the variation in total width of bas

24、e shall not exceed116 in. (1.6 mm). For 175-lb/yd (86.8-kg/m) sections a varia-tion of332 in (2.4 mm) in the width of either flange will bepermitted but the variation in total width of base shall notexceed332 in.6.2 WeightA variation of 1 % from the calculated weightof section as applied to the enti

25、re order will be permitted.6.3 Length:6.3.1 The standard length of rail shall be 80 ft (24.4 m) or 39ft (11.9 m) when measured at a temperature of 60F (15.5C).6.3.2 Up to 9% for 39 ft rail or 15% for 80 ft rail of theentire order will be accepted in lengths shorter than standardvarying by 1 ft (0.3

26、M) as follows: 79, 78, 77, 75, 70, 65, 60,39, 38, 37, 36, 33, 30, 27, and 25 ft.6.3.3 Special cut lengths to complete an overall runwaylength may be specified.6.3.4 A variation of716 in. (11.1 mm) for 39 ft rails or78 in.(22 mm) for 80 ft rails from the specified length of individualrails will be pe

27、rmitted.6.4 End Finish:6.4.1 Rails shall be milled, abrasive wheel cut, or ground tolength, with a variation in end squareness of not more than132in. (0.8 mm) allowed.6.4.2 Harmful burrs on the ends shall be removed.6.5 Drilling:6.5.1 Circular holes for joint bolts, when specified, shall bedrilled t

28、o conform to the specified drawings and dimensions.6.5.2 A variation of116 in (1.6 mm) over and nothing underin the size of the bolt holes shall be permitted.6.5.3 A variation of132 in (0.8 mm) in the location of theholes will be permitted.7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance7.1 All rails shall ha

29、ve a workmanlike finish and be free ofvarious imperfections that may detrimentally affect their suit-ability for the service for which they are intended.7.2 Rails shall be straightened cold in a press or rollermachine to be commercially straight, as determined by visualinspection.7.3 Deviations in t

30、he vertical and horizontal alignmentthroughout the length of the rail shall be uniform. Sharpdeviations in either direction shall not be acceptable.TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements, %Carbon 0.67 to 0.84Manganese 0.70 to 1.10Phosphorus, max 0.04Sulfur, max 0.05Silicon 0.10 to 0.50TABLE 2 Product Analysi

31、s Allowance Beyond Limits ofSpecified Chemical AnalysisUnder Minimum Limit, % Over Maximum Limit, %Carbon 0.04 0.04Manganese 0.06 0.06Phosphorus . . . 0.008Sulfur . . . 0.008Silicon 0.02 0.02AAContinuously cast allowances shall be 0.05 % over maximum limit for silicon.A 759 00 (2005)27.4 Deviations

32、of the lateral (horizontal) line in eitherdirection at the rail ends shall not exceed a maximum ordinateof 0.040 in. (1 mm) in 3 ft (0.9 m).7.5 All ordinate determinations shall be made on the con-cave side, between the rail surface and the straightedge.7.6 Rails presented for inspection that do not

33、 conform to therequirements of 7.1 through 7.4 may be reconditioned by themanufacturer.8. Inspection8.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchasers inspectorall reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy that the material isbeing produced and furnished in accordance with this specifi-cation. Mill i

34、nspection by the purchaser shall not interfereunnecessarily with the manufacturers operations. All tests andinspections shall be made at the place of manufacture, unlessotherwise agreed upon.9. Rejection and Rehearing9.1 Material that fails to conform to the requirements of thisspecification may be

35、rejected. Rejections shall be reported tothe manufacturer or supplier promptly and in writing. In caseof dissatisfaction with the test results, the manufacturer orsupplier may make claim for a rehearing.10. Certification10.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, amanufacturers certificat

36、ion shall be furnished to the purchaserthat the material was produced and tested in accordance withthis specification and has been found to meet the requirements.10.2 When specified in the purchase order or contract, areport of the chemical and mechanical test results shall befurnished.10.3 A materi

37、al Test Report, Certificate of Inspection orsimilar document printed from or used in electronic from anelectronic data interchange (EDI) transmission shall be re-garded as having the same validity as a counterpart printed inthe certifiers facility. The content of the EDI transmitteddocument must mee

38、t the requirements of the invoked ASTMstandard(s) and conform to any existing EDI agreement be-tween the purchaser and the supplier.10.4 Notwithstanding the absence of a signature, the orga-nization submitting either a printed document (Material TestReport, Certificate of Inspection or similar docum

39、ent) or anEDI transmission is responsible for the content of the report.11. Product Marking11.1 The name or brand of the manufacturer, the year andmonth of manufacture, and the weight and section designationof the rail shall be legibly rolled in raised letters and figures onthe web.11.2 The heat num

40、ber, the rail letter, and the ingot numberor a designation for the strand and bloom for continuously castrail shall be hot stamped into the web of each rail where it willnot be covered by the joint bars.11.3 The requirements of 11.1 and 11.2 shall not apply whensections shorter than 25 ft (7.6 m) ar

41、e specified, since brandingor stamping, or both, may be incomplete or missing entirely.11.4 Bar Coding:11.4.1 The automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG) BarCode Standard for Primary Metals for Steel Products may beconsidered as an auxilary method of identification. Use of thismethod shall be by agr

42、eement between purchaser and supplier.12. U.S. Government Procurement12.1 When specified in the contract or purchase order,material shall be prepared for shipment and storage in accor-dance with the requirements of A 700.13. Keywords13.1 rails; railway application; steel rails; steel crane railsSUPP

43、LEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSThe following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in theinquiry, order, or contract.S1. End HardeningS1.1 When purchased in suitable quantities certain cranerail sections may be ordered end hardened, in accordance withmill practice. Befor

44、e specifying this requirement the purchasershall develop which sections can be end hardened.S2. High Strength RailsS2.1 Heat-treated, head hardened, or alloy rails may bespecified in accordance with the manufacturers standardpractice. High strength rails shall conform to a Brinell hardnessnumber ran

45、ge from 321 to 388 when the decarburized surfacehas been removed.S3. ChamferingS3.1 Chamfered ends may be specified. Chamfering willconsist of grinding a bevel approximately116 in. (1.6 mm) backand18 in. (3.2 mm) from the top and sides of the end face ofthe rail head, when specified.S4. Ends Prepare

46、d for Electric Arc WeldingS4.1 The purchaser shall consult with the manufacturer as tospecial end preparation if crane rails are to be supplied forwelding.A 759 00 (2005)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedi

47、n this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and mu

48、st be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of th

49、eresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); o