ASTM A229 A229M-2018 Standard Specification for Steel Wire Quenched and Tempered for Mechanical Springs.pdf

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1、Designation: A229/A229M 18Standard Specification forSteel Wire, Quenched and Tempered for MechanicalSprings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A229/A229M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of

2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers two

3、classes of commercialquality round and shaped quenched and tempered steel springwire intended especially for the manufacture of mechanicalsprings and wire forms. The quality level is lower thanspecialty spring quality (Specification A1000/A1000M)orvalve spring quality (Specification A230/A230M).1.2

4、The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore,each system shall be used independently of the other. Combin-ing values from the two systems can result in non-conforman

5、cewith the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units areshown in brackets.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides

6、and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A230/A230M Specification for Steel Wire, Oil-TemperedCarbon Valve Spring QualityA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testingof Steel ProductsA

7、510/A510M Specification for General Requirements forWire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel, andAlloy SteelA700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methodsfor Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemi-cal Analysis of Steel ProductsA941 Terminology

8、 Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, RelatedAlloys, and FerroalloysA1000/A1000M Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon andAlloy Specialty Spring QualityE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Ma-terialsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data toDetermine Conformance with Spec

9、ifications3. Terminology3.1 For definition of terms used in this specification, refer toTerminology A941.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 commercial quality wire, na grade of wire that isfairly common quality and intended for applications that areprimarily static in nature, o

10、r not involving significant fatigueloading.3.2.2 equivalent round diameter, ndiameter of a roundwire having equivalent cross sectional area to a given shapedwire.3.2.3 shape factor, na value used to obtain cross sectionalarea for shaped wires when multiplied by measured width andmeasured thickness.4

11、. Ordering Information4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specifyall requirements that are necessary for material under thisspecification. Such requirements may include, but are notlimited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity (mass or weight),4.1.2 Name of material (quenched and tempe

12、red steel me-chanical spring wire) and class (Table 1 or Table 2),4.1.3 Dimensions (Section 10),4.1.4 Restrictions to the allowed chemical compositionrange beyond those specified in Table 3, if required,4.1.5 Packaging (Section 16),1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01

13、on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.03 on Steel Rod and Wire.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2018. Published September 2018. Originallyapproved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as A229/A229M 17.DOI: 10.1520/A0229_A0229M-18.

14、2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this stan

15、dardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of I

16、nternational Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.14.1.6 ASTM designation and date of issue.NOTE 1A typical metric ordering description is as follows: 10 000 kgquenched and tempered steel mechanical spring wire, Clas

17、s I, 8.00 mmdiameter, in 250-kg coils to ASTM A229M xx, or for inch-pound units,20 000 lb quenched and tempered steel mechanical Spring Wire, ClassI 0.315 in. diameter, in 500-lb coils to ASTM A229 xx.4.2 The purchaser shall have the option to specify additionalrequirements, including but not limite

18、d to:4.2.1 Requirements for certifications, reporting of heatanalysis or test reports (see Sections 15 and 7),4.2.2 Special packing, marking, and loading requirements,and4.2.3 Other special requirements, if any.5. General Requirements5.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform tothe a

19、pplicable requirements of Specification A510/A510M.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 The steel may be made by any commercially acceptedsteel-making process. The steel shall be fully killed.6.2 The finished wire shall be free of detrimental pipe andundue segregation.6.3 The wire shall be quenched and t

20、empered to produce thedesired mechanical properties.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemicalcomposition prescribed in Table 3.7.2 Heat AnalysisEach heat of steel shall be analyzed todetermine the percentage of elements prescribed in Table 3.This analysis sh

21、all be made from a test specimen preferablytaken during the pouring of the heat. When requested, this shallbe reported to the purchaser and shall conform to the require-ments of Table 3.7.3 Product AnalysisAn analysis may be made by thepurchaser from finished wire representing each heat of steel.The

22、 chemical composition thus determined, as to elementsrequired or restricted, shall conform to the product analysisrequirements specified in Table 3 of Specification A510/A510M.7.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods, Practices, andTerminology A751 shall be used.TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements, SI UnitsA

23、Diameter, mmClass I Class IITensile Strength, MPa Tensile Strength, MPamin max min max0.50 2050 2250 2230 24500.55 2020 2220 2220 24400.60 2000 2200 2210 24300.65 1950 2150 2190 24100.70 1950 2150 2170 23900.80 1900 2100 2140 23600.90 1850 2050 2100 23201.00 1800 2000 2060 22801.10 1780 1980 2030 22

24、401.20 1750 1950 2000 22101.40 1700 1900 1950 21501.60 1650 1850 1900 21001.80 1620 1820 1860 20602.00 1600 1800 1820 20202.20 1580 1780 1790 19902.50 1550 1750 1750 19502.80 1520 1720 1710 19003.00 1500 1700 1690 18803.50 1450 1620 1640 18304.00 1400 1580 1600 17804.50 1380 1550 1560 17405.00 1350

25、1520 1520 17005.50 1320 1500 1500 16806.00 1300 1480 1480 16607.00 1280 1450 1450 16308.00 1250 1430 1430 16109.00 1220 1400 1410 159010.00 1200 1380 1400 158011.00 1180 1350 1380 156012.00 1150 1320 1360 154014.00 1120 1300 1340 152016.00 1120 1300 1320 1500ATensile strength values for intermediate

26、 diameters shall be interpolated.TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements, Inch-Pound UnitsDiameter,Ain.Class I Class IITensile Strength, ksi Tensile Strength, ksimin max min max0.020 293 323 324 3540.023 289 319 320 3500.026 286 316 317 3470.029 283 313 314 3440.032 280 310 311 3410.035 274 304 305 3350.041 26

27、6 296 297 3270.048 259 289 290 3200.054 253 283 284 3140.062 247 277 278 3080.072 241 271 272 3020.080 235 265 266 2960.092 230 260 261 2910.106 225 255 256 2860.120 220 250 251 2810.135 215 240 241 2660.148 210 235 236 2610.162 205 230 231 2560.177 200 225 226 2510.192 195 220 221 2460.207 190 215

28、216 2410.225 188 213 214 2390.244 187 212 213 2380.250 185 210 211 2360.312 183 208 209 2340.375 180 205 206 2310.438 175 200 201 2260.500 170 195 196 2210.562 165 190 191 2160.625 165 190 191 216ATensile strength values for intermediate diameters shall be interpolated.TABLE 3 Chemical RequirementsE

29、lement Composition, %Carbon 0.550.85Manganese 0.301.20Phosphorus, max 0.040Sulfur, max 0.050Silicon 0.150.35A229/A229M 1828. Mechanical Properties8.1 Tension Test:8.1.1 RequirementsThe material as represented by tensiontest specimens shall conform to the requirements prescribed inTable 1 or Table 2.

30、 Tensile strength of shaped wires shallconform to either table based on the conversion to equivalentround diameter.8.1.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach ten coils or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each heat in a givenlot shall be tested.8.1.3 Location of TestsIt shall be permiss

31、ible to take testspecimens from either end of the coil.8.1.4 Test MethodThe tension test shall be made inaccordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370. Forshaped wires, cross sectional area shall be calculated either byusing the procedure in Test Methods E8/E8M for uniform butnonsymmetrical cros

32、s-sections, or by measuring width andthickness and multiplying by a shape factor.8.1.4.1 Upon agreement between purchaser and supplier,the shape factor for the cross section design provided by thewire mill shall be permissible to be adopted for use. In othersituations if the shape factor is not avai

33、lable from the wire mill,the shape factor shall be calculated by measuring the crosssectional area in accordance with Test Methods E8/E8M anddividing by the width and thickness.8.2 Wrap Test:8.2.1 RequirementsWire 4.00 mm 0.157 in. and smallerin diameter shall wind on itself as an arbor without brea

34、kage.Larger diameter wire, up to and including 8.00 mm 0.315 in.shall wind, without breakage, on a mandrel twice the wirediameter. Wrap test is not applicable to wires over 8.00 mm0.315 in. in diameter or to shaped wires.8.2.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach ten coils, or fra

35、ction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat ina given lot shall be tested.8.2.3 Location of TestIt shall be permissible to take testspecimens from either end of the coil.8.2.4 Test MethodThe wrap test shall be made in accor-dance with Test Methods and Definitions A370, Annex A4.9. Metallurgical Requi

36、rements9.1 Surface ConditionThe surface of the wire as-receivedshall be free of rust and excessive scale. No serious die marks,pits, scratches, or other surface imperfections detrimental to theend application shall be present. The level, depth, or severitybeyond which these surface imperfections are

37、 unacceptablemay be further defined and agreed upon by the producer andthe purchaser.9.1.1 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken foreach ten coils or fraction thereof, in a lot.9.1.2 Location of TestRepresentative test specimens shallbe taken from either or both ends of the coil.9.2 Decarb

38、urization, Seam Depth, and MicrostructureThe maximum depth of decarburization (free ferrite plus partialdecarburization) shall not exceed 2.0 % of the equivalent roundwire diameter or 0.15 mm 0.006 in. whichever is less. Thedepth of complete decarburization (free ferrite) shall notexceed 0.75 % of t

39、he wire diameter. Seams shall not exceed3.5 % of the equivalent round wire diameter or 0.25 mm0.010 in., whichever is less. Except for surface locationsaffected by decarburization, the wire shall have a fine,homogeneous, tempered martensite microstructure.9.2.1 Number of TestsWhere required by the p

40、urchaser,one test specimen shall be taken for each ten coils, or fractionthereof, in a lot and each heat in a given lot shall be tested.9.2.2 Location of TestRepresentative test specimens shallbe taken from either or both ends of the coil.9.2.3 Test MethodDecarburization and seam depth shallbe deter

41、mined by chemical etching a suitably polished trans-verse section of wire, though seam depth may be determinedwithout etching. The entire periphery to be examined should bein a single plane with no edge rounding.9.2.4 Examination shall be performed at a magnification ofno less than 100 for depth of

42、free ferrite and maximumaffected depth. Smaller wire sizes may require higher magni-fication. Measure the worst area present excluding decarbur-ization associated with seams or other surface imperfections.Complete decarburization exists when only free ferrite ispresent. Partial decarburization exist

43、s when ferrite is foundmixed with pearlite or tempered martensite. Structures of100 % martensite shall be defined as not decarburized.9.2.5 Examination shall be performed at a magnification ofno less than 100 for depth of seams. Smaller wire sizes mayrequire higher magnification. Measure the seam ha

44、ving great-est depth as measured perpendicular to the wire surface.9.2.6 Examination shall be performed at a magnification ofno less than 100 for microstructure. Either the same suitablypolished and chemically etched transverse section used forassessment of decarburization and seam depth or anothers

45、uitably polished transverse or longitudinal section may beused.10. Dimensions and Permissible Variations10.1 The permissible variations in the diameter of the wireshall be as specified in Table 4 or Table 5. Any definition ofshaped tolerances shall be agreed upon by the producer and thepurchaser.11.

46、 Uniformity, Straightness, and Continuity11.1 The wire shall be uniform in quality and temper andshall not be wavy or crooked.11.2 Each coil shall be one continuous length of wire,properly coiled and firmly tied. Welds made prior to colddrawing are permitted.TABLE 4 Permissible Variations in Wire Di

47、ameter, SI UnitsADiameter, mmPermissibleVariations, mmPermissible Out-ofRound, mm0.50 to 0.70, incl 0.02 0.02Over 0.70 to 2.00, incl 0.03 0.03Over 2.00 to 9.50, incl 0.05 0.05Over 9.50 0.08 0.08AFor purposes of determining conformance with this specification, all specifiedlimits are absolute as defi

48、ned in Practice E29.A229/A229M 18312. Retests12.1 If any tested specimen exhibits an obvious defect orcondition of non-conformance that is not representative of thecoil from which it was collected, or shows the presence of aweld, it shall be discarded and another specimen substituted.12.2 If any tes

49、ted specimen exhibits an obvious defect orcondition of non-conformance that is representative of aportion of the coil from which it was collected, the manufac-turer shall remove from the coil the portion containing theobvious defect or condition of non-conformance before col-lecting another test specimen from the coil for the purpose ofretesting.13. Inspection13.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchaseorder, the manufacturer is responsible for the performance ofall inspection and test requirements specified in thisspecifica