ASTM A229 A229M-2017 Standard Specification for Steel Wire Quenched and Tempered for Mechanical Springs《机械弹簧用淬火和回火钢丝的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation: A229/A229M 12A229/A229M 17Standard Specification forSteel Wire, Quenched and Tempered for MechanicalSprings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A229/A229M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision

2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specificatio

3、n covers two classes of commercial quality round and shaped quenched and tempered steel spring wireintended especially for the manufacture of mechanical springs and wire forms. The quality level is lower than specialty springquality (Specification A1000/A1000M) or valve spring quality (Specification

4、 A230/A230M).1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems can result

5、 in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade

6、 Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A230/A230M Specification for Steel Wire, Oil-Tempered Carbon Valve Spring QualityA370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA510A510/A510M Specification for General Req

7、uirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel, and AlloySteelA510M Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel (Metric) (Withdrawn2011)3A700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods,

8、Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and FerroalloysA1000/A1000M Specification for Steel Wire, Carbon and Alloy Specialty Spring QualityE8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic MaterialsE29 P

9、ractice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE1077 Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarburization of Steel Specimens3. Terminology3.1 For definition of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology A941.3.2 Definitions of Terms Spec

10、ific to This Standard:3.1.1 For definition of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology A941.3.2.1 commercial quality wire, na grade of wire that is fairly common quality and intended for applications that are primarilystatic in nature, or not involving significant fatigue loading.3.2.2

11、 equivalent round diameter, ndiameter of a round wire having equivalent cross sectional area to a given shaped wire.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.03on Steel Rod and

12、Wire.Current edition approved April 15, 2012Sept. 1, 2017. Published April 2012September 2017. Originally approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2005 2012as A229/A229M 99 (2005).A229/A229M 12. DOI: 10.1520/A0229_A0229M-12.10.1520/A0229_A0229M-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit the

13、ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an

14、indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to

15、be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.2.3 shape factor, na value used to obtain cross sectional area for shaped wires whe

16、n multiplied by measured width andmeasured thickness.4. Ordering Information4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for material under thisspecification. Such requirements may include, but are not limited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity (ma

17、ss or weight),4.1.2 Name of material (quenched and tempered steel mechanical spring wire) and class (Table 1 or Table 2),4.1.3 Dimensions (Section 10),4.1.4 Chemical composition (Restrictions to the allowed chemical composition range beyond those specified in Table 3), ifrequired,4.1.5 Packaging (Se

18、ction 16),4.1.6 Cast or heat analysis report, if desired (see 7.2),4.1.7 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Section 15), and4.1.6 ASTM designation and date of issue.NOTE 1A typical metric ordering description is as follows: 10 000 kg quenched and tempered steel mechanical spring wi

19、re, Class I, 8.00 mmdiameter, in 250-kg coils to ASTM A229 M xx, or for inch-pound units, 20 000 lb quenched and tempered steel mechanical Spring Wire, Class I 0.315in. diameter, in 500-lb coils to ASTM A 229 xx.4.2 The purchaser shall have the option to specify additional requirements, including bu

20、t not limited to:4.2.1 Requirements for certifications, reporting of heat analysis or test reports (see Sections 15 and 7),4.2.2 Special packing, marking, and loading requirements, and4.2.3 Other special requirements, if any.5. General Requirements5.1 Material furnished to this specification shall c

21、onform to the applicable requirements of either Specification A510A510/A510MM or Specification A510.TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements, SI UnitsADiameter, mmClass I Class IITensile Strength, MPa Tensile Strength, MPamin max min max0.50 2050 2250 2230 24500.55 2020 2220 2220 24400.60 2000 2200 2210 24300.6

22、5 1950 2150 2190 24100.70 1950 2150 2170 21900.70 1950 2150 2170 23900.80 1900 2100 2140 23600.90 1850 2050 2100 23201.00 1800 2000 2060 22801.10 1780 1980 2030 22401.20 1750 1950 2000 22101.40 1700 1900 1950 21501.60 1650 1850 1900 21001.80 1620 1820 1860 20602.00 1600 1800 1820 20202.20 1580 1780

23、1790 19902.50 1550 1750 1750 19502.80 1520 1720 1710 19003.00 1500 1700 1690 18803.50 1450 1620 1640 18304.00 1400 1580 1600 17804.50 1380 1550 1560 17405.00 1350 1520 1520 17005.50 1320 1500 1500 16806.00 1300 1480 1480 16607.00 1280 1450 1450 16308.00 1250 1430 1430 16109.00 1220 1400 1410 159010.

24、00 1200 1380 1400 158011.00 1180 1350 1380 156012.00 1150 1320 1360 154014.00 1120 1300 1340 152016.00 1120 1300 1320 1500A Tensile strength values for intermediate diameters shall be interpolated.A229/A229M 1726. Materials and Manufacture6.1 The steel may be made by any commercially accepted steel-

25、making process. The steel shall be fully killed.6.2 The finished wire shall be free of detrimental pipe and undue segregation.6.3 The wire shall be quenched and tempered to produce the desired mechanical properties.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemical c

26、omposition prescribed in Table 3.7.2 Cast or Heat AnalysisEach cast or heat of steel shall be analyzed by the manufacturer to determine the percentage ofelements prescribed in Table 3. This analysis shall be made from a test specimen preferably taken during the pouring of the castor heat. When reque

27、sted, this shall be reported to the purchaser and shall conform to the requirements of Table 3.7.3 Product AnalysisAn analysis may be made by the purchaser from finished wire representing each cast or heat of steel. Thechemical composition thus determined, as to elements required or restricted, shal

28、l conform to the product analysis requirementsspecified in Table 7 of Specification A510A510/A510M or A510M.7.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751 shall be used.8. Mechanical Properties8.1 Tension Test:TABLE 2 Tensile Requirements, Inch-Pound UnitsDiameter,A in.Class

29、 I Class IITensile Strength, ksiksi Tensile Strength, ksimin max min max0.020 293 323 324 3540.023 289 319 320 3500.026 286 316 317 3470.029 283 313 314 3440.032 280 310 311 3410.035 274 304 305 3350.041 266 296 297 3270.048 259 289 290 3200.054 253 283 284 3140.062 247 277 278 3080.072 241 271 272

30、3020.080 235 265 266 2960.092 230 260 261 2910.106 225 255 256 2860.120 220 250 251 2810.135 215 240 241 2660.148 210 235 236 2610.162 205 230 231 2560.177 200 225 226 2510.192 195 220 221 2460.207 190 215 216 2410.225 188 213 214 2390.244 187 212 213 2380.250 185 210 211 2360.312 183 208 209 2340.3

31、75 180 205 206 2310.438 175 200 201 2260.500 170 195 196 2210.562 165 190 191 2160.625 165 190 191 216A Tensile strength values for intermediate diameters shall be interpolated.TABLE 3 Chemical RequirementsElement Composition, %Carbon 0.550.85Manganese 0.301.20Phosphorus, max 0.040Sulfur, max 0.050S

32、ilicon 0.150.35A229/A229M 1738.1.1 RequirementsThe material as represented by tension test specimens shall conform to the requirements prescribed inTable 1 or Table 2. Tensile strength of shaped and flat rolled wires shall conform to either table based on the conversion toequivalent round dimensions

33、.diameter.8.1.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken for each ten coils or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat in agiven lot shall be tested.8.1.3 Location of TestsRepresentative test specimens shall be taken It shall be permissible to take test specimens from eitherend of the c

34、oil.8.1.4 Test MethodThe tension test shall be made in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370. For shaped wires,cross sectional area shall be calculated either by using the procedure in Test Methods E8/E8M for uniform but nonsymmetricalcross-sections, or by measuring width and thickness a

35、nd multiplying by a shape factor.8.1.4.1 Upon agreement between purchaser and supplier, the shape factor for the cross section design provided by the wire millshall be permissible to be adopted for use. In other situations if the shape factor is not available from the wire mill, the shape factorshal

36、l be calculated by measuring the cross sectional area in accordance with Test Methods E8/E8M and dividing by the width andthickness.8.2 Wrap Test:8.2.1 RequirementsWire 0.157 in. 4.00 mm4.00 mm 0.157 in. and smaller in diameter shall wind on itself as an arborwithout breakage. Larger diameter wire,

37、up to and including 0.315 in. 8.00 mm8.00 mm 0.315 in. shall wind, without breakage,on a mandrel twice the wire diameter. Wrap test is not applicable to wires over 0.315 in. 8.00 mm8.00 mm 0.315 in. in diameteror to shaped and flat rolled wires.8.2.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken f

38、or each ten coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat in agiven lot shall be tested.8.2.3 Location of TestRepresentative test specimens shall be taken It shall be permissible to take test specimens from eitherend of the coil.8.2.4 Test MethodThe wrap test shall be made in accordance wi

39、th Test Methods and Definitions A370, Annex A4.9. Metallurgical Requirements9.1 Surface ConditionThe surface of the wire as-received shall be free of rust and excessive scale. No serious die marks, pits,scratches, or other surface imperfections detrimental to the end application shall be present. Th

40、e level, depth, or severity beyondwhich these surface imperfections are unacceptable may be further defined and agreed upon by the producer and the purchaser.9.1.1 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken for each ten coils or fraction thereof, in a lot.9.1.2 Location of TestRepresentative te

41、st specimens shall be taken from either or both ends of the coil.9.2 Decarburization, Seam Depth, and MicrostructureThe maximum depth of decarburization (free ferrite plus partialdecarburization) shall not exceed 2 % of the equivalent round wire diameter or 0.006 in. 0.15 mm0.15 mm 0.006 in. whichev

42、eris less. The depth of complete decarburization (free ferrite) shall not exceed 0.75 % of the wire diameter. Seams shall not exceed3.5 % of the equivalent round wire diameter of 0.010 in. 0.25 mm, or 0.25 mm 0.010 in., whichever is less. Except for surfacelocations affected by decarburization, the

43、wire shall have a fine, homogeneous, tempered martensite microstructure.9.2.1 Number of TestsWhere required by the purchaser, one test specimen shall be taken for each ten coils, or fraction thereof,in a lot and each cast or heat in a given lot shall be tested.9.2.2 Location of TestRepresentative te

44、st specimens shall be taken from either or both ends of the coil.9.2.3 Test MethodDecarburization and seam depth shall be determined by chemical etching a suitably polished transversesection of wire, though seam depth may be determined without etching. The entire periphery to be examined should be i

45、n a singleplane with no edge rounding.9.2.4 Examination shall be performed at a magnification of no less than 100 for depth of free ferrite and maximum affecteddepth. Smaller wire sizes may require higher magnification. Measure the worst area present excluding decarburization associatedwith seams or

46、 other surface imperfections. Complete decarburization exists when only free ferrite is present. Partialdecarburization exists when ferrite is found mixed with pearlite or tempered martensite. Structures of 100 % martensite shall bedefined as not decarburized.9.2.5 Examination shall be performed at

47、a magnification of no less than 100 for depth of seams. Smaller wire sizes may requirehigher magnification. Measure the seam having greatest depth as measured perpendicular to the wire surface.9.2.6 Examination shall be performed at a magnification of no less than 100 for microstructure. Either the

48、same suitablypolished and chemically etched transverse section used for assessment of decarburization and seam depth or another suitablypolished transverse or longitudinal section may be used.10. Dimensions and Permissible Variations10.1 The permissible variations in the diameter of the wire shall b

49、e as specified in Table 4 or Table 5. Any definition of shapedtolerances shall be agreed upon by the producer and the purchaser.A229/A229M 17411. Uniformity, Straightness, and Continuity11.1 The wire shall be uniform in quality and temper and shall not be wavy or crooked.11.2 Each coil shall be one continuous length of wire, properly coiled and firmly tied. Welds made prior to cold drawing arepermitted.12. Retests12.1 If any test specimen exhibits obvious defects or shows the presence of a weld, it may be discarded and ano