ASTM A229 A229M-2012 Standard Specification for Steel Wire Quenched and Tempered for Mechanical Springs 《机械弹簧用淬火及回火钢丝的标准规格》.pdf

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1、Designation:A229/A229M99 (Reapproved 2005) Designation: A229/A229M 12Standard Specification forSteel Wire, Oil-Tempered for Mechanical SpringsSteel Wire,Quenched and Tempered for Mechanical Springs1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A229/A229M; the number immediately following the d

2、esignation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use

3、 by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers two classes of oil-tempered round and shaped quenched and tempered steel spring wire intendedespecially for the manufacture of mechanical springs and wire forms.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound uni

4、ts are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem mayare not benecessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems maycan result in non-conformance with the standard.2. Referenced Documents2.

5、1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA510 Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon SteelA510M Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel (Metric)A700 Practic

6、es for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and FerroalloysE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Dat

7、a to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE1077 Test Methods for Estimating the Depth of Decarburization of Steel Specimens2.2 American National Standard:B 32.4MPreferred Metric Sizes for Round, Square, Rectangle, and Hexagon Metal Products2.3 Military Standard:MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products, P

8、reparation for Shipment and Storage2.4 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 123Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)42.5 AIAG Standard:AIAGB-502.00 Primary Metals Identification Tag Application Standard3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 For definition of terms used in t

9、his specification, refer to Terminology A941.4. Ordering Information4.1 It shall be the responsibility of the purchaser to specify all requirements that are necessary for material under thisspecification. Such requirements may include, but are not limited to, the following:4.1.1 Quantity (mass or we

10、ight),4.1.2 Name of material (oil-tempered(quenched and tempered steel mechanical spring wire) and class (Table 1 or Table 2),1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel,Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeA01.03

11、on Steel Rod and Wire.Current edition approved May 1, 2005. Published May 2005. Originally approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 1999 A229/A229M99. DOI:10.1520/A0229_A0229M-99R05.Current edition approved April 15, 2012. Published April 2012. Originally approved in 1939. Last previous e

12、dition approved in 2005 A229/A229M 99 (2005). DOI:10.1520/A0229_A0229M-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on th

13、e ASTM website.1This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users c

14、onsult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohoc

15、ken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.1.3 Dimensions (Section 10),4.1.4 Chemical composition (Table 3), if required,4.1.5 Packaging (Section 16),4.1.6 Cast or heat analysis report, if desired (see 7.2),4.1.7 Certification or test report, or both, if specified (Section 15), and4.1.8 ASTM designation an

16、d date of issue.NOTE 1Atypical metric ordering description is as follows: 10 000 kg oil-tempered quenched and tempered steel mechanical spring wire, Class I, 8.00mm diameter, in 250-kg coils to ASTM A229 M xx, or for inch-pound units, 20 000 lb oil-temperedquenched and tempered steel mechanical Spri

17、ngWire, Class I 0.315 in. diameter, in 500-lb coils to ASTM A 229 xx.5. General Requirements5.1 Material furnished to this specification shall conform to the applicable requirements of either Specification A510M orSpecification A510.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1The steel may be made by any commerc

18、ially accepted steel-making process. The steel may be either ingot cast or strand cast.6.1 The steel may be made by any commercially accepted steel-making process. The steel shall be fully killed.6.2 The finished wire shall be free of detrimental pipe and undue segregation.6.3 The wire shall be oil

19、quenched and tempered to produce the desired mechanical properties.7. Chemical Composition7.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition prescribed in Table 3.7.2 Cast or Heat AnalysisEach cast or heat of steel shall be analyzed by the manufacturer to determine the percenta

20、ge ofelements prescribed in Table 3. This analysis shall be made from a test specimen preferably taken during the pouring of the castor heat. When requested, this shall be reported to the purchaser and shall conform to the requirements of Table 3.7.3 Product AnalysisAn analysis may be made by the pu

21、rchaser from finished wire representing each cast or heat of steel.The chemical composition thus determined, as to elements required or restricted, shall conform to the product analysisTABLE 1 Tensile Requirements, SI UnitsADiameter,B mmClass I Class IITensile Strength, MPa Tensile Strength, MPamin

22、max min max0.50 2050 2250 2230 24500.55 2020 2220 2220 24400.60 2000 2200 2210 24300.65 1950 2150 2190 24100.70 1950 2150 2170 21900.80 1900 2100 2140 23600.90 1850 2050 2100 23201.00 1800 2000 2060 22801.10 1780 1980 2030 22401.20 1750 1950 2000 22101.40 1700 1900 1950 21501.60 1650 1850 1900 21001

23、.80 1620 1820 1860 20602.00 1600 1800 1820 20202.20 1580 1780 1790 19902.50 1550 1750 1750 19502.80 1520 1720 1710 19003.00 1500 1700 1690 18803.50 1450 1620 1640 18304.00 1400 1580 1600 17804.50 1380 1550 1560 17405.00 1350 1520 1520 17005.50 1320 1500 1500 16806.00 1300 1480 1480 16607.00 1280 145

24、0 1450 16308.00 1250 1430 1430 16109.00 1220 1400 1410 159010.00 1200 1380 1400 158011.00 1180 1350 1380 156012.00 1150 1320 1360 154014.00 1120 1300 1340 152016.00 1120 1300 1320 1500ATensile strength values for intermediate diameters shall be interpolated.BPreferred sizes. For a complete list, ref

25、er to ANSI B32.4M , Preferred MetricSizes for Round, Square, Rectangle, and Hexagon Metal Products.A229/A229M 122requirements specified in Table10Table 7 of Specification A510 or A510M.7.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751 shall be used.8. Mechanical Properties8.1 T

26、ension Test:8.1.1 RequirementsThe material as represented by tension test specimens shall conform to the requirements prescribed inTable 1 or Table 2. . Tensile strength of shaped and flat rolled wires shall conform to either table based on the conversion toequivalent round dimensions.8.1.2 Number o

27、f TestsOne test specimen shall be taken for each ten coils or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat in agiven lot shall be tested.8.1.3 Location of TestsTestRepresentative test specimens shall be taken from either end of the coil.8.1.4 Test MethodThe tension test shall be made in accordance

28、with Test Methods and Definitions A370.8.2 Wrap Test:8.2.1 RequirementsWire 4.00 mm or 0.162 in. and smaller in diameter shall wind on itself as an arbor without breakage.Larger diameter wire, up to and including 8.00 mm or 0.312 in. shall wind, without breakage, on a mandrel twice the wire diameter

29、.Wrap test on wires over 8.00 mm or 0.312 in. diameter is not applicable. Wire 0.157 in. 4.00 mm and smaller in diameter shallwind on itself as an arbor without breakage. Larger diameter wire, up to and including 0.315 in. 8.00 mm shall wind, withoutTABLE 2 Tensile Requirements, Inch-Pound UnitsDiam

30、eter,Ain.Class I Class IITensile Strength, ksi Tensile Strength, ksimin max min max0.020 293 323 324 3540.023 289 319 320 3500.026 286 316 317 3470.029 283 313 314 3440.032 280 310 311 3410.035 274 304 305 3350.041 266 296 297 3270.048 259 289 290 3200.054 253 283 284 3140.062 247 277 278 3080.072 2

31、41 271 272 3020.080 235 265 266 2960.092 230 260 261 2910.106 225 255 256 2860.120 220 250 251 2810.135 215 240 241 2660.148 210 235 236 2610.162 205 230 231 2560.177 200 225 226 2510.192 195 220 221 2460.207 190 215 216 2410.225 188 213 214 2390.244 187 212 213 2380.250 185 210 211 2360.312 183 208

32、 209 2340.375 180 205 206 2310.438 175 200 201 2260.500 170 195 196 2210.562 165 190 191 2160.625 165 190 191 216ATensile strength values for intermediate diameters shall be interpolated.TABLE 3 Chemical RequirementsElement Composition, %Carbon 0.550.85Manganese 0.301.20AManganese 0.301.20Phosphorus

33、, max 0.040Sulfur, max 0.050Silicon 0.150.35AGenerally 0.80/1.20% manganese for diameter 5.00 mm or 0.192 in. andlarger; 0.30/0.90% for diameters less than 5.00 mm or 0.192 in. The choice ofcomposition shall be optional with the manufacturer unless the purchaser definitelyspecifies otherwise.A229/A2

34、29M 123breakage, on a mandrel twice the wire diameter. Wrap test is not applicable to wires over 0.315 in. 8.00 mm in diameter or toshaped and flat rolled wires.8.2.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken for each ten coils, or fraction thereof, in a lot. Each cast or heat ina given lot sh

35、all be tested.8.2.3 Location of TestTestRepresentative test specimens shall be taken from either end of the coil.8.2.4 Test MethodThe wrap test shall be made in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370, Supplement IV. ,Annex A4.9. Metallurgical Requirements9.1 Surface ConditionThe surface o

36、f the wire as-received shall be free of rust, excessive scale die marks, pits and scratchesdetrimental to the end application. Seams shall not exceed 3.5% of the wire diameter or 0.25 mm 0.010 in., whichever is less.The surface of the wire as-received shall be free of rust and excessive scale. No se

37、rious die marks, pits, scratches, or othersurface imperfections detrimental to the end application shall be present. The level, depth, or severity beyond which these surfaceimperfections are unacceptable may be further defined and agreed upon by the producer and the purchaser.9.1.1 Number of TestsOn

38、e test specimen shall be taken for each ten coils or fraction thereof, in a lot.9.1.2 Location of TestTestRepresentative test specimens shall be taken from either or both ends of the coil.9.2 MicrostructureA longitudinal section of the wire shall show a fine, homogeneous, tempered martensite structu

39、re.9.3Decarburization:9.3.1The maximum depth of decarburization (free ferrite plus partial decarburization) shall not exceed 2% of the wire diameteror 0.15 mm 0.006 in. whichever is less. The depth of complete decarburization (free ferrite shall not exceed 0.75% of the wirediameter.9.3.2Decarburizat

40、ion, Seam Depth, and MicrostructureThe maximum depth of decarburization (free ferrite plus partialdecarburization) shall not exceed 2 % of the equivalent round wire diameter or 0.006 in. 0.15 mm whichever is less. The depthof complete decarburization (free ferrite) shall not exceed 0.75 % of the wir

41、e diameter. Seams shall not exceed 3.5 % of theequivalent round wire diameter of 0.010 in. 0.25 mm, whichever is less. Except for surface locations affected by decarburization,the wire shall have a fine, homogeneous, tempered martensite microstructure.9.2.1 Number of TestsWhere required by the purch

42、aser, one test specimen shall be taken for each ten coils, or fraction thereof,in a lot and each cast or heat in a given lot shall be tested.9.2.2 Location of TestRepresentative test specimens shall be taken from either or both ends of the coil.9.2.3 Test MethodDecarburization shall be determined by

43、 etching a suitably polished transverse section of wire with nital. Theentire periphery to be examined should be in a single plane with no edge rounding.9.3.3The entire periphery shall be examined at a magnification of no less than 1003 for depth of free ferrite and maximumaffected depth. Smaller wi

44、re sizes may require higher magnification. Measure the worst area present excluding decarburizationassociated with seams or other surface imperfections. Complete decarburization exists when only free ferrite is present. Partialdecarburization exists when ferrite is found mixed with pearlite or tempe

45、red martensite. Structures of 100% martensite shall bedefined as not decarburized. Decarburization and seam depth shall be determined by chemical etching a suitably polishedtransverse section of wire, though seam depth may be determined without etching. The entire periphery to be examined should bei

46、n a single plane with no edge rounding.9.2.4 Examination shall be performed at a magnification of no less than 1003 for depth of free ferrite and maximum affecteddepth. Smaller wire sizes may require higher magnification. Measure the worst area present excluding decarburization associatedwith seams

47、or other surface imperfections. Complete decarburization exists when only free ferrite is present. Partialdecarburization exists when ferrite is found mixed with pearlite or tempered martensite. Structures of 100 % martensite shall bedefined as not decarburized.9.2.5 Examination shall be performed a

48、t a magnification of no less than 1003 for depth of seams. Smaller wire sizes mayrequire higher magnification. Measure the seam having greatest depth as measured perpendicular to the wire surface.9.2.6 Examination shall be performed at a magnification of no less than 1003 for microstructure. Either

49、the same suitablypolished and chemically etched transverse section used for assessment of decarburization and seam depth or another suitablypolished transverse or longitudinal section may be used.10. Dimensions and Permissible Variations10.1 The permissible variations in the diameter of the wire shall be as specified in Table 4 or Table 5. . Any definition of shapedtolerances shall be agreed upon by the producer and the purchaser.11. Workmanship and Appearance Uniformity, Straightness, and Continuity11.1 The wire shall be uniform i