ASTM A228 A228M-2018 Standard Specification for Steel Wire Music Spring Quality.pdf

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1、Designation: A228/A228M 16A228/A228M 18Standard Specification forSteel Wire, Music Spring Quality1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A228/A228M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi

2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers two types of r

3、ound, cold-drawn steel music spring quality wire, uniform in mechanical properties,intended especially for the manufacture of springs subject to high stresses or requiring good fatigue properties.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.

4、The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recogni

5、zed principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A370 Test Methods and Def

6、initions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA510/A510M Specification for General Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel, and Alloy SteelA700 Guide for Packaging, Marking, and Loading Methods for Steel Products for ShipmentA751 Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology for

7、 Chemical Analysis of Steel ProductsA938 Test Method for Torsion Testing of WireA941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and FerroalloysE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with SpecificationsE1077 Test Methods for Estimating the

8、 Depth of Decarburization of Steel Specimens2.2 Federal Standard:Fed. Std. No. 123, Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies)32.3 American National Standard:4B32.100 Preferred Metric Sizes for Flat, Round, Square, Rectangular, and Hexagonal Metal Products2.4 AIAG Standard:5AIAG B-5 02.00 Primary Metals

9、Identification Tag Application Standard3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this specification, refer to Terminology A941.4. Ordering Information4.1 Orders for steel wire under this specification shall contain the following information:4.1.1 Quantity (weight in lbs, or mass

10、in kg),4.1.2 Name (music steel spring wire) and type (Type 1 or Type 2) of material,4.1.3 Diameter (Table 1 and Section 9),1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and RelatedAlloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.03on Steel R

11、od and Wire.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016Sept. 1, 2018. Published January 2017September 2018. Originally approved in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 20142016as A228/A228M 14.A228/A228M 16. DOI: 10.1520/A0228_A0228M-16.10.1520/A0228_A0228M-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theA

12、STM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4, Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Ph

13、iladelphia, PA 191115098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accu

14、rately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor

15、 Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.4 Finish (see 10.2),4.1.5 Packaging (Section 15), and4.1.6 ASTM designation and year of issue.4.2 The purchaser shall have the option to specify additional requirements, including but not limited to:4.2.1 Requirements for certi

16、fications, heat, or test reports, (see Section 14),4.2.2 Special packing, marking, and loading requirements (see Section 15), andTABLE 1 Tensile RequirementsInch-Pound UnitsDiameter,in.ATensile Strength,ksi Diameter,in.ATensile Strength,ksimin max min max0.004 439 485 0.059 296 3270.005 426 471 0.06

17、3 293 3240.006 415 459 0.067 290 3210.007 407 449 0.072 287 3170.008 399 441 0.076 284 3140.009 393 434 0.080 282 3120.010 387 428 0.085 279 3080.011 382 422 0.090 276 3050.012 377 417 0.095 274 3030.013 373 412 0.100 271 3000.014 369 408 0.102 270 2990.015 365 404 0.107 268 2960.016 362 400 0.110 2

18、67 2950.018 356 393 0.112 266 2940.020 350 387 0.121 263 2900.022 345 382 0.125 261 2880.024 341 377 0.130 259 2860.026 337 373 0.135 258 2850.028 333 368 0.140 256 2830.030 330 365 0.145 254 2810.032 327 361 0.150 253 2790.034 324 358 0.156 251 2770.036 321 355 0.162 249 2750.038 318 352 0.177 245

19、2700.040 315 349 0.192 241 2670.042 313 346 0.207 238 2640.045 309 342 0.225 235 2600.048 306 339 0.250 230 2550.051 303 335 0.262 228 2530.055 300 331 0.283 223 248SI UnitsDiameter,mmATensile Strength, MPa Diameter,mmATensile Strength, MPamin max min max0.10 3000 3300 1.1 2120 23800.11 2950 3250 1.

20、2 2100 23500.12 2900 3200 1.4 2050 23000.14 2850 3150 1.6 2000 22500.16 2800 3100 1.8 1980 22200.18 2750 3050 2.0 1950 22000.20 2700 3000 2.2 1900 21500.22 2680 2980 2.5 1850 21000.25 2650 2950 2.8 1820 20500.28 2620 2920 3.0 1800 20000.30 2600 2900 3.2 1780 19800.35 2550 2820 3.5 1750 19500.40 2500

21、 2750 3.8 1720 19200.45 2450 2700 4.0 1700 19000.50 2400 2650 4.5 1680 18800.55 2380 2620 5.0 1650 18500.60 2350 2600 5.5 1620 18200.65 2320 2580 6.0 1600 18000.70 2300 2550 6.5 1580 17800.80 2250 2500 7.0 1550 17500.90 2200 2450 7.2 1540 17401.00 2150 2400A Tensile strength values for intermediate

22、diameters may be interpolated.A228/A228M 1824.2.3 Other special requirements, if any,any.NOTE 1Atypical inch-pound units ordering description is as follows: 10 000 lb Music Steel Spring Wire, Type 1, 0.055 in. diameter, phosphate coatedin 1000 lb coils to ASTM A288M_A228M dated _, or for metric unit

23、s, 5000 kg Music Steel Spring Wire, Type 1, 1.40 mm diameter, phosphatecoated in 500 kg coils to ASTM A288 dated _.5. Materials and Manufacture5.1 The steel may be made by any commercially accepted steel-making process. The rod to be used in the manufacture of wirefurnished to this specification sha

24、ll be in accordance with Specification A510/A510M.5.2 The finished wire shall be free from detrimental pipe and undue segregation.5.3 The wire shall be cold drawn to produce the desired mechanical properties.5.3.1 Type 1 wire shall be directly drawn from either as-rolled rods or from air patented ro

25、ds or wire to the final wire diameter.5.3.2 Type 2 wire shall be drawn from either patented rod or patented wire to the final wire diameter. Air patenting is notallowed.5.3.3 Type 2 wire may be substituted for Type 1 wire. Conversely, Type 1 wire may not be substituted for Type 2 wire.NOTE 2The meth

26、od of patenting, and in particular the method utilized for controlled cooling, can be designed to optimize the microstructure andmechanical properties of either patented wire rod or patented wire, as well as of wires drawn from either of these. Because patenting is performed in alinear manner rather

27、 than in a coiled or serpentine manner, the uniformity of microstructure and mechanical properties along the patented wire or patentedwire rod length is improved compared to that existing in either of these prior to patenting.6. Chemical Composition6.1 The steel shall conform to the requirements for

28、 chemical composition prescribed in Table 2.6.2 Heat AnalysisEach heat of steel shall be analyzed by the manufacturer to determine the percentage of elements prescribedin Table 2. This analysis shall be made from a test specimen preferably taken during the pouring of the heat. When requested inthe p

29、urchase order, the heat analysis shall be reported to the purchaser.6.3 Product AnalysisAn analysis may be made by the purchaser from finished wire representing each heat of steel. Thechemical composition thus determined, as to elements required or restricted, shall conform to the product analysis r

30、equirementsspecified in Table 3 of Specification A510/A510M.6.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology A751 shall be used.7. Mechanical Properties7.1 Tension Test:7.1.1 RequirementsThe material as represented by tension test specimens shall conform to the requirements prescri

31、bed inTable 1.7.1.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken from the top or outside end of each coil, reel, or spool, and shall betested for conformance.7.1.3 Test MethodThe tension test shall be made in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.7.1.4 For wire diameters over 0.283 in

32、. 7.2 mm, mechanical properties shall be negotiated between purchaser and supplier andshall be included on the order information.7.2 Wrap Test:7.2.1 RequirementsThe material shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 3. The requirement for conformanceto wrap test on wires above 0.283 in.

33、7.2 mm in diameter shall be agreed upon between purchaser and producer.7.2.2 Number of TestsOne test specimen shall be taken from the top or outside end of each coil, reel or spool and shall betested for conformance.7.2.3 Test MethodEach test specimen shall be closed wound on an arbor as prescribed

34、in Table 3 for a minimum of four fullwraps. Wire so tested shall not show any splits or fractures.7.3 Torsion Test:TABLE 2 Chemical RequirementsElement Composition, %Carbon 0.701.00Manganese 0.200.70Phosphorus, max 0.025Sulfur, max 0.030Silicon 0.100.30A228/A228M 1837.3.1 RequirementsThe torsion tes

35、t shall be applied to wire sizes 0.70 mm 0.028 in. and larger in diameter. For wire sizessmaller in diameter than 0.70 mm 0.028 in., the torsion test may be substituted for the wrap test (7.2). In this case, the minimumnumber of torsions to failure will be equivalent to 25 in a test length of 100d.7

36、.3.2 Number of testsTestsOne test specimen shall be taken from the top or outside end of each coil, reel, or spool and shallbe tested for conformance.7.3.3 Test MethodTest specimens shall be prepared and tested as shown in A938 with the following exception. The minimumnumber of torsions (twists) to

37、failure in a test length of 100d (where d = the wire diameter being tested) are shown in Table 4.7.3.4 Following completion of the torsion test, the torsion fracture shall be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the testspecimen and the surface of the test specimen shall not be split. Secondary

38、 (recoil) fractures shall be ignored.7.3.5 Test lengths other than 100d may be utilized. In this case, the minimum number of torsions to failure shall be adjustedin direct proportion to the change in test length as determined by the following formula:Tx 5Td 3LxLd(1)whereTx = minimum number of torsio

39、ns for new test length,Td = minimum number of torsions for 100d test length,Lx = new test length, andLd = 100d test lengthLd = 100d test length.7.3.6 For wire diameters over 0.283 in. 7.2 mm, the requirement for torsion testing shall be negotiated between purchaser andsupplier and shall be included

40、on the order information.8. Metallurgical Requirements8.1 Surface Condition:8.1.1 The surface of the wire as-received shall be free of rust, excessive scale, die marks, pits, and scratches detrimental to theend application. Seams shall not exceed 2 % of the wire diameter or 0.15 mm 0.006 in., whiche

41、ver is less.8.1.2 Location of TestTest specimens shall be taken from either or both ends of the coil.8.2 Decarburization:TABLE 3 Wrap Test RequirementsInch-Pound UnitsDiameter, in. Mandrel SizeLess than 0.028 10.028 to 0.256, incl 2Over 0.256 to 0.283, incl 3SI UnitsDiameter, mm Mandrel SizeLess tha

42、n 0.70 10.70 to 6.5, incl 2Over 6.5 to 7.2, incl 3TABLE 4 Number of Torsions to Failure for Torsion TestInch-Pound UnitsDiameter, in. Number of Torsions in 100d0.028 to 0.079, incl 25over 0.079 to 0.138, incl 20over 0.138 to 0.283, incl 15SI UnitsDiameter, mm Number of Torsions in 100d0.70 to 2.0, i

43、ncl 25over 2.0 to 3.5, incl 20over 3.5 to 7.2, incl 15A228/A228M 1848.2.1 The maximum affected depth of decarburization shall not exceed 2 %2.0 % of the wire diameter or 0.15 mm 0.006 in.,whichever is less. The maximum average partial decarburization depth shall not exceed 1.5%1.5 % of the wire diam

44、eter whenmeasured using the test method described in 8.2.3.8.2.2 Test MethodDecarburization shall be determined by etching a suitably polished transverse section of wire with nital. Theentire periphery to be examined should be in a single plane with no edge rounding. (See Test Method E1077.)8.2.3 Th

45、e entire periphery shall be examined at a magnification of no less than 100 for depth of free ferrite and maximumaffected depth. Smaller wire sizes may require higher magnification. Complete decarburization exists when only free ferrite ispresent. The worst case location shall be used to position pe

46、rpendicular bisectors as shown in Fig. 1. The depth of decarburization(D) shall be measured at each of the four points where the perpendicular bisectors cross the circumference of the wire. The fourreadings so obtained shall be averaged, and the average shall not exceed 1.5%1.5 % of the wire diamete

47、r.8.2.4 The purchaser may specify more restrictive decarburization requirements where necessary for special applications. Theserequirements shall be negotiated between the purchaser and supplier and must be included in the order information.8.2.5 There are no decarburization requirements for wire si

48、zes smaller in diameter than 2.0 mm 0.078 in.9. Dimensions and Permissible Variations9.1 The permissible variations in the diameter of the wire shall be as specified in Table 5.10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance10.1 WorkmanshipThe wire shall not be kinked or improperly cast. To test for cast, o

49、ne convolution of wire shall be cut fromthe coil, reel, or spool and placed on a flat surface. The wire shall not spring up nor show a wavy condition. Wire below 4.0 mmor 0.156 in. diameter shall lie flat while wire diameters larger than the above shall lie substantially flat.10.1.1 Each coil, reel, or spool shall be one continuous length of wire, properly coiled and firmly tied.10.1.2 Welds made prior to cold drawing are permitted. If unmarked welds are unacceptable to the purchaser, specialarrangements should be made wi