ASHRAE 51-2007 Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Aerodynamic Performance Rating《风机气动性能评价的实验室测试方法》.pdf

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1、ANSI/AMCA 210-07ANSI/ASHRAE 51-07Laboratory Methods of TestingFans for Certified AerodynamicPerformance RatingAn American National StandardApproved by ANSI on August 17, 2007ANSI/AMCA STANDARD 210-07ANSI/ASHRAE STANDARD 51-07Laboratory Methods of Testing Fans for Certified Aerodynamic Performance Ra

2、tingAir Movement and Control Association International, Inc.30 West University DriveArlington Heights, IL 60004-1893American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers1791 Tullie Circle, NEAtlanta, GA 30329-2305 2008 by the Air Movement and Control Association International, In

3、c. and the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air Conditioning EngineersAll rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of any part of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 and108 of the United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Re

4、quests forpermission or further information should be addressed to the Executive Director, Air Movement and ControlAssociation International, Inc. at 30 West University Drive, Arlington Heights, IL 60004-1893 U.S.A.ForewordThis edition of AMCA 210/ASHRAE 51 is the eleventh revision, spanning over ei

5、ghty years of improvements in itstest methods. The major changes reflected in this revision are:-Added requirements for checking effectiveness of the airflow settling means (Annex A)-Added methods for testing chamber leakage (Annex B)-Introduced usage of a Star type straightener-Refined the conversi

6、on from in. wg to Pa, which necessitated small but important changes in the constantsused in I-P equationsAuthorityANSI/AMCA 210 - ANSI/ASHRAE 51 was approved by the membership of the Air Movement and ControlAssociation on July 28, 2006 and by ASHRAE on March 17, 2008. It was approved by ANSI and be

7、came anAmerican National Standard on August 17, 2007.Joint AMCA 210/ASHRAE 51 CommitteeJohn Cermak, Chairman Acme Engineering (b) positive pressure ventilators;(c) compressors with inter-stage cooling;(d) positive displacement machines;(e) test procedures to be used for design,production, or field t

8、esting.2. Normative ReferencesThe following standards contain provisions that,through specific reference in this text, constituteprovisions of this American National Standard. At thetime of publication, the editions indicated were valid.All standards are subject to revision, and parties toagreements

9、 based on this American NationalStandard are encouraged to investigate thepossibility of applying the most recent editions of thestandards listed below.IEEE 112-96 Standard Test Procedure for PolyphaseInduction Motors and Generators, The Institute ofElectrical and Electronic Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane

10、,Piscataway, NJ 08855-1331, U.S.A. (AMCA #1149)3. Definitions/Units of Measure/Symbols3.1 Definitions3.1.1 Fan. A device that uses a power-driven rotatingimpeller to move air or gas. The internal energyincrease imparted by a fan to air or a gas is limited to25 kJ/kg (10.75 Btu/lbm). This limit is ap

11、proximatelyequivalent to a pressure of 30 kPa (120 in. wg).(AMCA 99-0066)3.1.2 Fan inlet and outlet boundaries. Theinterfaces between a fan and the remainder of the airsystem; the respective planes perpendicular to anairstream entering or leaving a fan. Variousappurtenances (inlet box(es), inlet van

12、es, inletcone(s), silencer(s), screen(s), rain hood(s),damper(s), discharge cone(s), evas, etc.), may beincluded as part of a fan between the inlet and outletboundaries.3.1.3 Fan input power boundary. The interfacebetween a fan and its driver.3.1.4 Fan outlet area. The gross inside areameasured in t

13、he plane(s) of the outlet opening(s). 3.1.5 Fan inlet area. The gross inside areameasured in the plane(s) of the inlet connection(s).For converging inlets without connection elements,the inlet area shall be considered to be that where aplane perpendicular to the airstream first meets themouth of the

14、 inlet bell or inlet cone.3.1.6 Dry-bulb temperature. Air temperaturemeasured by a temperature sensing device withoutmodification to compensate for the effect of humidity.(AMCA 99-0066)3.1.7 Wet-bulb temperature. The air temperaturemeasured by a temperature sensor covered by awater-moistened wick an

15、d exposed to air in motion.(AMCA 99-0066) 3.1.8 Wet-bulb depression. Wet-bulb depression isthe difference between the dry-bulb and wet-bulbtemperatures at the same location. (AMCA 99-0066)3.1.9 Stagnation (total) temperature. Thetemperature that exists by virtue of the internal andkinetic energy of

16、the air. If the air is at rest, thestagnation (total) temperature will equal the statictemperature. (AMCA 99-0066)3.1.10 Static temperature. The temperature thatexists by virtue of the internal energy of the air. If aportion of the internal energy is converted into kineticenergy, the static temperat

17、ure is decreasedaccordingly.3.1.11 Air density. The mass per unit volume of air.(AMCA 99-0066)1AMCA INTERNATIONAL, INC. ANSI/AMCA 210-07 - ANSI/ASHRAE 51-073.1.12 Standard air. Air with a standard density of1.2 kg/m3(0.075 lbm/ft3) at a standard barometricpressure of 101.325 kPa (29.92 in. Hg).3.1.1

18、2.1 Standard air properties. Standard air has aratio of specific heats of 1.4 and a viscosity of 1.8185 10-3Pas (1.222 10-5lbm/fts). Air at 20C (68F)temperature, 50% relative humidity, and standardbarometric pressure has the properties of standardair, approximately.3.1.13 Pressure. Force per unit ar

19、ea. Thiscorresponds to energy per unit volume of fluid. In theI-P system, pressures are expressed in manometrichead pressure, such as inches of water or inches ofmercury. The conversion of 1 in. wg = 249.089 Pa isused throughout this standard.3.1.14 Absolute pressure. The pressure when thedatum pres

20、sure is absolute zero. It is always positive.3.1.15 Barometric pressure. The absolutepressure exerted by the atmosphere.3.1.16 Gauge pressure. The differential pressurewhen the datum pressure is the barometricpressure at the point of measurement. It may bepositive or negative.3.1.17 Velocity pressur

21、e. The portion of air pressurethat exists by virtue of the rate of motion of the air.3.1.18 Static pressure. The portion of air pressurethat exists by virtue of the degree of compression. Ifexpressed as a gauge pressure, it may be positive ornegative.3.1.19 Total pressure. The air pressure that exis

22、tsby virtue of the degree of compression and the rateof motion of the air. It is the algebraic sum of velocitypressure and static pressure at a point. If air is atrest, its total pressure will equal the static pressure.3.1.20 Pressure loss. A decrease in total pressuredue to friction and/or turbulen

23、ce.3.1.21 Fan air density. The density of the aircorresponding to the total pressure and thestagnation (total) temperature of the air at the faninlet.3.1.22 Fan airflow rate. The volumetric airflow rateat fan air density.3.1.23 Fan total pressure. The difference betweenthe total pressure at the fan

24、outlet and the totalpressure at the fan inlet.3.1.24 Fan velocity pressure. The velocity pressurecorresponding to the average velocity at the fanoutlet.3.1.25 Fan static pressure. The difference betweenthe fan total pressure and the fan velocity pressure.Therefore, it is the difference between stati

25、c pressureat the fan outlet and total pressure at the fan inlet.3.1.26 Fan rotational speed. The rotational speed ofthe impeller. If the fan has more than one impeller,fan rotational speed is the rotational speed of eachimpeller.3.1.27 Compressibility coefficient. The ratio of themean airflow rate t

26、hrough the fan to the airflow rateat fan air density; the ratio of the fan total pressurethat would be developed with an incompressible fluidto the fan total pressure that is developed with acompressible fluid, i.e., air, the test gas. Thecompressibility coefficient is a thermodynamic factorthat mus

27、t be applied to determine fan totalefficiency from fan airflow rate, fan total pressure,and fan power input. The coefficient is derived inAnnex D.3.1.28 Fan power output. The useful powerdelivered to air by the fan; it is proportional to theproduct of the fan airflow rate, the fan totalpressure, and

28、 the compressibility coefficient.3.1.29 Fan power input. The power required to drivethe fan and any elements in the drive train that areconsidered a part of the fan.3.1.30 Fan total efficiency. The ratio of fan poweroutput to fan power input.3.1.31 Fan static efficiency. The fan totalefficiency mult

29、iplied by the ratio of fan staticpressure to fan total pressure.3.1.32 Point of operation. The relative position on afan characteristic curve corresponding to a particularairflow rate. It is controlled during a test by adjustingthe position of a throttling device, by changing flownozzles or auxiliar

30、y fan characteristics, or by anycombination of these.3.1.33 Free delivery. The point of operation wherethe fan static pressure is zero.3.1.34 Shall and should. The word “shall” is to beunderstood as mandatory; the word “should” asadvisory.3.1.35 Shut-off. The point of operation where thefan airflow

31、rate is zero.2ANSI/AMCA 210-07 - ANSI/ASHRAE 51-073.1.36 Determination. A complete set ofmeasurements for a particular point of operation ofa fan.3.1.37 Test. A series of determinations for variouspoints of operation of a fan.3.1.38 Energy factor. The ratio of the total kineticenergy of the airflow

32、to the kinetic energycorresponding to the average velocity of the airflow.3.1.39 Demonstrated accuracy. Demonstratedaccuracy is defined for the purposes of this standardas the accuracy of an instrument or the methodestablished by testing of the instrument or themethod against a primary or calibrated

33、 instrument ormethod in accordance with the requirements of thisstandard.3.2 Units of measure3.2.1 System of units. SI units (The InternationalSystem of Units Le Systme International dUnits)1 are the primary units employed in this standard,with I-P (inch-pound) units given as the secondaryreference.

34、 SI units are based on the fundamentalvalues of the International Bureau of Weights andMeasures 2, and I-P values are based on thevalues of the National Institute of Standards andTechnology which are, in turn, based on the values ofthe International Bureau. Conversion factorsbetween SI and I-P syste

35、ms are given in AMCA 99-0100.3.2.2 Basic units. The unit of length is the meter (m)or millimeter (mm); I-P units are the foot (ft) or inch(in.). The unit of mass is the kilogram (kg); the I-P unitis the pound-mass (lbm). The unit of time is either theminute (min) or the second (s) in both systems. T

36、heunit of temperature is either the Kelvin (K) or thedegree Celsius (C); I-P units are the degree Rankine(R) or the degree Fahrenheit (F). The unit of forceis the Newton (N); the I-P unit is the pound-force (lbf).3.2.3 Airflow rate and velocity. The unit of airflow isthe cubic meter per second (m3/s

37、); the I-P unit is thecubic foot per minute (ft3/min or cfm). The unit ofvelocity is the meter per second (m/s); the I-P unit isthe foot per minute (ft/min or fpm).3.2.4 Pressure. The unit of pressure is the Pascal(Pa); the I-P unit is either the inch water gauge (in.wg) or the inch mercury column (

38、in. Hg). Values ofpressure in in. Hg, shall be used only for barometricpressure measurements. The standard pressures inthe I-P system are based on the standard density ofwater of 1000 kg/m3(62.428 lbm/ft3) or standarddensity of mercury of 13595.1 kg/m3(848.714lbm/ft3) and the standard gravitational

39、acceleration of9.80665 m/s2(32.17405 ft/s2).3.2.5 Power, energy and torque. The unit of poweris the watt (W); the I-P unit is the horsepower (hp).The unit of energy is the joule (J); the I-P unit is thefoot pound-force (ftlbf). The unit of torque is theNewton-meter (Nm); the I-P unit is the pound-fo

40、rceinch (lbfin.).3.2.6 Efficiency. Efficiency is based on a per-unitbasis. Percentages are obtained by multiplying by100.3.2.7 Rotational speed. The unit of rotational speedis the revolution per minute (rev/min or rpm).3.2.8 Density, viscosity and gas constant. Theunit of density is the kilogram per

41、 cubic meter(kg/m3); the I-P unit is the pound-mass per cubic foot(lbm/ft3). The unit of viscosity is the Pascal second(Pas); the I-P unit is the pound-mass per foot-second (lbm/fts). The unit of gas constant is thejoule per kilogram Kelvin (J/(kgK); the I-P unit is thefoot pound-force per pound-mas

42、s degree Rankine(ftlb)/(lbmR).3.2.9 Dimensionless groups. Various dimensionlessquantities appear in the text. Any consistent systemof units may be employed to evaluate thesequantities unless a numerical factor is included, inwhich case units must be as specified.3.3 Symbols and subscriptsSee Table 1

43、4. Instruments and Methods ofMeasurement4.1 Accuracy 3The specifications for instruments and methods ofmeasurement that follow include both instrumentaccuracy and measurement accuracy requirementsand specific examples of equipment capable ofmeeting those requirements. Equipment other thanthe example

44、s cited may be used provided theaccuracy requirements are met or improved upon.4.1.1 Instrument accuracy. The specificationsregarding accuracy correspond to two standarddeviations based on an assumed normal distribution.The calibration procedures given in this standardshall be employed in order to m

45、inimize errors.Instruments shall be set up, calibrated, and read byqualified personnel trained to minimize errors.3ANSI/AMCA 210-07 - ANSI/ASHRAE 51-07Table 1 - Symbols and SubscriptsSYMBOL DESCRIPTION SI IPA Area of cross section m2ft2C Nozzle discharge coefficient dimensionlessD Diameter and equiv

46、alent diameter m ftDhHydraulic diameter m fte Base of natural logarithm (2.718) dimensionlessE Energy factor dimensionlessF Beam load N lbff Coefficient of friction dimensionlessH Fan power input W hpHoFan power output W hpKpCompressibility coefficient dimensionlessL Nozzle throat dimension m ftLeEq

47、uivalent length of straightener m ftLx,xLength of duct between planes x and x m ftl Length of moment arm m in.ln Natural logarithm - -M Chamber diameter or equivalent diameter m ftN Rotational speed rpmn Number of readings dimensionlessPsFan static pressure Pa in. wgPsxStatic pressure at plane x Pa

48、in. wgPtFan total pressure Pa in. wgPtxTotal pressure at plane x Pa in. wgPvFan velocity pressure Pa in. wgPvxVelocity pressure at plane x Pa in. wgpbCorrected barometric pressure Pa in. HgpeSaturated vapor pressure at twPa in. HgppPartial vapor pressure Pa in. HgQ Fan airflow rate m3/s cfm, ft3/min

49、QxAirflow rate at plane x m3/s cfm, ft3/minR Gas constant J/kgK ftlb/lbmRRe Reynolds number dimensionlessT Torque Nm lbfin.tdDry-bulb temperature C FtsStagnation (total) temperature C FtwWet-bulb temperature C FV Velocity m/s ft/min, fpmW Power input to motor W Wx Function used to determine KpdimensionlessY Nozzle expansion factor dimensionlessy Thickness of airflow straightener element mm in.z Function used to determine Kpdimensionless Static pressure ratio for nozzles dimensionless Diameter ratio for nozzles dimensionless