ANSI CTA-2042.1-B-2015 Wireless Power Glossary Terms (Formerly ANSI CEA-2042.1-B-2015).pdf

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1、 ANSI/CTA Standard Wireless Power Glossary Terms ANSI/CTA-2042.1-B-2015 (Formerly ANSI/CEA-2042.1-B-2015) August 2015 NOTICE Consumer Technology Association (CTA) Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings bet

2、ween manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for his particular need. Existence of such Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications shall not in a

3、ny respect preclude any member or nonmember of the Consumer Technology Association from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards, Bulletins or other technical publications, nor shall the existence of such Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications preclude their

4、voluntary use by those other than Consumer Technology Association members, whether the standard is to be used either domestically or internationally. Standards, Bulletins and other technical publications are adopted by the Consumer Technology Association in accordance with the American National Stan

5、dards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, the Consumer Technology Association does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard, Bulletin or other technical publication. This document does not purport to address

6、 all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. This document is copyrighted

7、 by the Consumer Technology Association and may not be reproduced, in whole or part, without written permission. Federal copyright law prohibits unauthorized reproduction of this document by any means. Organizations may obtain permission to reproduce a limited number of copies by entering into a lic

8、ense agreement. Requests to reproduce text, data, charts, figures or other material should be made to the Consumer Technology Association. (Formulated under the cognizance of the CTA R6.3 Wireless Power Subcommittee.) Published by CONSUMER TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION 2015 Technology Tel : + 41 22 919 02

9、11, http:/www.electropedia.org/ or www.iec.ch 2 4 Terms & Definitions Term Definition accessory receiver receiver which physically mates to the exterior of a device for the purpose of powering or charging that device, but is physically-separable. Note: The device does not otherwise have the ability

10、to be powered or charged wirelessly without the use of the accessory receiver. alignment aid method of positioning a receiver relative to a transmitter that provides the user with feedback to properly align the active area of the receiver to the active area of the transmitter. authentication process

11、 of validating that a proper receiver has been placed within proximity before power is transmitted, and without which power should not be transmitted. Battery Management System (BMS) system of circuits (which may be integrated with a battery into a “battery pack”) to monitor key operational paramete

12、rs of a battery during charging and discharging. Note 1: examples of such key parameters are voltages, currents, internal temperature of the battery, ambient temperature. Note 2: The monitoring circuits may provide inputs to protection devices which would generate alarms or disconnect the battery fr

13、om the load or charger should any of the parameters become out of limits. charging region area from where power is made available to receivers. Note: a charging pad is one example of a charging region. wireless power transfer communication protocol Set of rules for exchanging messages between a tran

14、smitter and a receiver, in order to control the wireless power transfer. Note: Such a protocol may include signaling, compliance verification and error detection/correction capabilities and may also be implemented in hardware, software, or both. conductive wireless power system wireless power system

15、 that provides a conductive surface to which receivers are connected through direct electrical contacts. Note: Such systems allow wire-free power delivery. control capability capability of either modulating and demodulating a control signal via an impedance network (i.e., in-band communication) or b

16、y an out-of-band communication channel to achieve the appropriate power transfer, including identifying valid devices and fault conditions. coupling coefficient (k) measure of the magnetic linkage between the transmitter and the receiver coils, and defined as k = M / SQRT(L1 L2) Where M is the mutua

17、l inductance, and L1 and L2 are the inductance of first and second coil, respectively device detection process by which a transmitter identifies that a receiver is within proximity of the transmitter. 3 electromagnetic pertaining to electromagnetism 1. IEC. This material is reproduced from IEC 60050

18、-151:200 I with permission of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) on behalf of the International Electrotechnical Commission. All rights reserved. electromagnetic induction (a.k.a. magnetic induction) phenomenon in which an induced voltage or an induced current is produced 2 IEC. This m

19、aterial is reproduced from IEC 60050-121:1998/ AMD2:2008 with permission of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) on behalf of the International Electrotechnical Commission. All rights reserved. electrostatic induction phenomenon in which electrical charge is redistributed through the use

20、 or presence of external charges. Note: Uncharged object becomes charged through the placement of a strong electrically charged object, attracting the opposite electrical charges within the uncharged object and polarizing the uncharged object. embedded receiver receiver incorporated within a device

21、for the purpose of powering or charging that device, which is designed not to be consumer replaceable. far field Distance greater than two wavelengths from transmitter to receiver. field transition zone range between one and two wavelengths from the transmitter to the receiver Note: zone is located

22、between near field and far field. free positioning ability to place a receiver in any position relative to the transmitter. highly resonant wireless power transfer wireless transfer of power through magnetic induction between a transmitter coil and receiver coil(s) where the coupling factor (k) can

23、be less than 0.1, though values up to 1 may also be supported and where the system requires magnetic resonance. inductive power transfer system (a.k.a. inductive charging system) system that relies on magnetic induction for energy transfer. Note: Such a system uses at least one primary coil and at l

24、east one secondary coil. A system may have several secondary coils, and they may provide alternating current voltages that are higher, lower, or the same as that applied to the primary coil. Magnetic induction power transfer systems are optimized to operate in the electromagnetic near-field. intenti

25、onal use of RF in the context of wireless power, the use of RF that is designed for the primary purpose of charging by coupling RF power to a receiver. Note: The coupled RF may or may not be modulated to carry information load change sensing Recognition of a variation in load impedance. load managem

26、ent situation where the device being charged switches the amount of power that it draws from the wireless power transfer device between two discrete levels using load modulation techniques. 4 microwave (MW) electromagnetic wave in the frequency range of 300 MHz to 300 gigahertz (GHz). near field Dis

27、tance less than one wavelength from the transmitter to the receiver. no load power Power consumed by the transmitter when no receiver is present. operating frequency oscillation frequency of the power signal. optical power transfer energy transfer system that uses energy from the ultraviolet, visibl

28、e or infrared (IR) bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. Note: The source of the energy can be from a light source or transmitter or from the ambient environment. The energy is collected or harvested by a receiver. power factor under periodic conditions, ratio of the absolute value of the active po

29、wer P to the apparent power S: Note Under sinusoidal conditions, the power factor is the absolute value of the active factor 3. IEC. This material is reproduced from IEC 60050-131:2002 with permission of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) on behalf of the International Electrotechnical

30、 Commission. All rights reserved. power management capability of initiating power transfer from the transmitter to the receiver (e.g., cellphone) when the latter is identified as a valid device, requesting more or less power and finally ending the power transfer. Note: Some wireless power transfer d

31、evices may continue to provide power at a reduced current to keep the battery of a valid device fully charged. power range lowest to highest power level that a transmitter and receiver support. power regulation method for controlling the output voltage or current from the receiver to appropriate val

32、ue. Note: This may be performed by the transmitter, receiver, or a combination of both. power save mode state a transmitter could be in with fully charged devices present (i.e., devices requires/draws no power). power transfer loss power loss due to imperfect transfer of the energy from the transmit

33、ter to the receiver, such as between two coils. primary coil component of a transmitter that converts electric current to magnetic flux. 5 radio frequency energy electromagnetic energy at any frequency in the radio spectrum between 3 kHz and 300 GHz. Note: See Title 47 of the Code of Federal Regulat

34、ions, Part 47, Section 15.3(u) (47 CFR 15.3 (u) radio frequency/microwave power transfer energy transfer systems that use energy in the radio frequency (RF) and/or microwave (MW) bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. Note: The source of the energy can be from an intentional RF use or from the ambie

35、nt environment. If an intentional RF use is employed, it can direct the energy in a variety of patterns (beam, isotropic, etc.). The energy is collected or harvested by an RF/MW antenna receiver. The systems are optimized to enable energy transfer in the electromagnetic waves far field region. react

36、ive near field transfer of power over a distance less than /2 or 0.16 wavelength from transmitter to receiver. Note: In this range, the electromagnetic field generated by the transmitter can be greatly affected by any absorption or phase modulation of any present material or circuit. receiver device

37、 designed for accepting a signal or energy from a transmitter. receiver coil component of a receiver that converts magnetic flux to electromotive force. rectification electronic conversion from a.c. to d.c. 4 Note: in the context of wireless power transfer, rectification is applied to the RF output

38、of the receiver coil IEC. This material is modified from IEC 60050-551:1998 by CEA and used with permission of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) on behalf of the International Electrotechnical Commission. All rights reserved. recognition/identification application of a signal to detec

39、t and identify a receiver. resonance phenomenon occurring in a physical system when the period of a forced oscillation is such that the characteristics quantity of the oscillation or its time derivative reaches an extremum. Note: At resonance, the period of the forced oscillation is often close to t

40、hat of a free oscillation 5. IEC. This material is reproduced from IEC 60050-103:2009 with permission of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) on behalf of the International Electrotechnical Commission. All rights reserved. secondary coil component of a receiver that converts magnetic flu

41、x to electromotive force. short range near field transmission of power through magnetic induction between a transmitter coil and receiver coil where the distance between the coils is less than the sum of the radii of the transmitter and receiver coils. standby energy energy consumed by the transmitt

42、er when a receiver is not present. 6 tightly-coupled wireless power system inductive wireless power transfer system with a strong magnetic linkage between the primary and secondary coil. Note: The coupling coefficient (k) of such a system, is typically greater than 0.5 and can exceed 0.99 in a class

43、ical system. transfer efficiency Useful power received by the load divided by the total electrical power into the wireless power supply. wireless power transmitter electronic device designed for the primary purpose of inducing power. Note There are various technologies to transmit power including bu

44、t not limited to tightly coupled magnetic induction and highly resonant magnetic induction. wireless power transmitter coil component of a wireless power transmitter that converts electric current to magnetic flux. wireless power transmitter output power level amount of power, typically measured in

45、watts, that is provided from the transmitter in a wireless power system. unintentional radiator device that intentionally generates radio frequency energy for use within the device, or that sends radio frequency signals by conduction to associated equipment via connecting wiring, but which is not in

46、tended to emit RF energy by radiation or induction. validation process by which a receiver verifies that it is designed to receive power. wireless charging process or method that takes place in any system where power is provided to a battery management system without interconnecting wires. wireless

47、power system power system which includes a wireless power transmitter and one or more receivers. wireless power transfer process or method that takes place in any system where electrical energy is transmitted from a power source to an electrical load without interconnecting wires. “z” distance dista

48、nce between the transmitter and receiver coils in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the coils. Consumer Technology Association Document Improvement Proposal If in the review or use of this document a potential change is made evident for safety, health or technical reasons, please email your reason/rationale for the recommended change to standardsce.org. Consumer Technology Association Technology & Standards Department 1919 S Eads Street, Arlington, VA 22202 FAX: (703) 907-7693 standardsce.org