ANSI ASME MFC-1-2014 Glossary of Terms Used in the Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes.pdf

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1、AN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ASME MFC-12014Revision of ASME MFC-1M2003 (R2008)Glossary of Terms Used in the Measurement of Fluid Flow in PipesASME MFC-12014Revision of ASME MFC-1M2003 (R2008)Glossary of TermsUsed in theMeasurement of FluidFlow in PipesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDTwo Park Avenue Ne

2、w York, NY 10016 USADate of Issuance: August 28, 2015This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition.ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of thisStandard. Interpretations are published on the Committee Web page

3、 and under go.asme.org/InterpsDatabase. Periodically certain actions of the ASME MFC Committee may be published asCases. Cases are published on the ASME Web site under the MFC Committee Page at go.asme.org/MFCcommittee as they are issued.Errata to codes and standards may be posted on the ASME Web si

4、te under the Committee Pages toprovide corrections to incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errorsin codes and standards. Such errata shall be used on the date posted.The MFC Committee Page can be found at go.asme.org/MFCcommittee. There is an option availableto aut

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6、rs.This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American NationalStandards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals fromcompetent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate.

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11、 this document may be reproduced in any form,in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,without the prior written permission of the publisher.The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990Copyright 2015 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERSAll right

12、s reservedPrinted in U.S.A.CONTENTSForeword ivCommittee Roster vCorrespondence With the MFC Committee vi1 General 12 Glossary of Terms . 13 Symbols . 38Figures1 Bell Prover . 22 Bias in a Random Process 33 Classical Venturi Tube 44 Correlation Coefficients 65 Principle of Operation of the Cross-Corr

13、elation Ultrasonic Meter 76 Principle of Operation of the Doppler Ultrasonic Meter . 97 Example of a K Factor Curve . 148 Liquid Displacement System . 159 Three Valve Manifold, Schematic . 1510 Nozzles 2011 Orifice Plates 2112 Piezometer Ring . 2213 Piston Provers . 2314 Primary and Secondary at Sam

14、e Elevation, Preferred Installation 2415 Examples of Rotary Displacement Meters . 2916 Sonic Venturi Nozzle, Smith and Matz Type . 3017 Sonic Venturi Nozzle, LMEF Type 30iiiFOREWORDThe greatest aid to communication, whether verbal or written, is a common vocabulary. Evenwithin a single technical dis

15、cipline, the same word can have different meanings to differentpeople. In order to help overcome this obstacle in the field of fluid flow measurement, thisStandard consists of a collection of terms and their definitions so that a common base of referenceis available, so we can speak a common languag

16、e.To this end, we need to understand that language is fluid and the definitions given here providea snapshot of usage at the time of publication. In the preparation of this Standard, an attempthas been made to standardize suitable terms and not to perpetuate unsuitable ones, merely becausethey have

17、been used in the past. Recognition of terms in common parlance is acknowledged andless ambiguous ones are suggested. Self evident and irrelevant terms have been excluded, ashave those terms that are unique to methods of measurement not widely used.The international standard vocabulary and symbols co

18、ncerning the measurement of fluid flowin closed conduits prepared by ISO/TC30 has been considered, as well as many other referencesources, both national and international, have been used in order to make this glossary as usefulas possible to a broad segment of the measurement community. This Standar

19、d varies from earlierrevisions in that all terms are listed alphabetically.The first edition of this Standard was approved by the American National Standards Instituteon October 15, 1979. It was subsequently reaffirmed, without change, on August 7, 1986. Theprevious edition of this Standard was appr

20、oved by the American National Standards Institute(ANSI) on September 10, 2003. It was subsequently reaffirmed, without change, in 2008.Suggestions for improvement of this Standard are welcome. They should be sent to Secretary,ASME MFC Standards Committee, Two Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990.Thi

21、s revision was approved by the American National Standards Institute on August 1, 2014.ivASME MFC COMMITTEEMeasurement of Fluid Flow in Closed Conduits(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERSR. J. DeBoom, ChairZ. D. Husain,

22、Vice ChairD. C. Wyatt, Vice ChairC. J. Gomez, SecretarySTANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNELC. J. Blechinger, Honorary Member, ConsultantR. M. Bough, Rolls-Royce Corp.M. S. Carter, Flow Systems, Inc.G. P. Corpron, Honorary Member, ConsultantR. J. DeBoom, ConsultantD. Faber, Contributing Member, Badger Meter

23、, Inc.C. J. Gomez, The American Society of Mechanical EngineersF. D. Goodson, Emerson Process Management/Daniel DivisionZ. D. Husain, Chevron Corp.C. G. Langford, Honorary Member, ConsultantT. O. Maginnis, ConsultantW. M. Mattar, Invensys/Foxboro Co.SUBCOMMITTEE1GLOSSARYOFTERMSD. C. Wyatt, Chair, Wy

24、att EngineeringR. J. DeBoom, ConsultantF. D. Goodson, Emerson Process Management/Daniel DivisionZ. D. Husain, Chevron Corp.vG. E. Mattingly, The Catholic University of AmericaR. W. Miller, Honorary Member, R. W. Miller and Associates, Inc.A. Quraishi, American Gas AssociationW. Seidl, Colorado Engin

25、eering Experiment Station, Inc.D. W. Spitzer, Contributing Member, Spitzer and Boyes LLCR. N. Steven, Colorado Engineering Experiment Station, Inc.T. M. Kegel, Alternate, Colorado Engineering Experiment Station,Inc.J. H. Vignos, Honorary Member, ConsultantD. E. Wiklund, Emerson Process Management/Ro

26、semount DivisionJ. D. Wright, Contributing Member, NISTD. C. Wyatt, Wyatt EngineeringG. E. Mattingly, The Catholic University of AmericaA. Quraishi, American Gas AssociationR. N. Steven, Colorado Engineering Experiment Station, Inc.D. E. Wiklund, Emerson Process Management/Rosemount DivisionCORRESPO

27、NDENCE WITH THE MFC COMMITTEEGeneral. ASME Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent theconsensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this Standard may interact with the Committeeby requesting interpretations, proposing revisions or a Case, and attending Committee mee

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29、 desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the applica-tion of the Standard. Approved revisions will be published periodically.The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard. Such proposals should beas specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed

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36、mat may be rewritten in the appropriate format by the Committeeprior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request.ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additionalinformation that might affect an interpretation is availabl

37、e. Further, persons aggrieved by aninterpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not“approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.Attending Committee Meetings. The MFC Standards Committee regularly holds meet

38、ings and/or telephone conferences that are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meetingand/or telephone conference should contact the Secretary of the MFC Standards Committee.Future Committee meeting dates and locations can be found on the Committee Page atgo.asme.org/MFCcommittee.viASM

39、E MFC-12014GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN THE MEASUREMENT OFFLUID FLOW IN PIPES1 GENERAL1.1 ScopeThis Standard consists of a collection of definitionsof those terms that pertain to the measurement of fluidflow in pipes. The definitions provided also give guid-ance for recommended usage in the application

40、 of flowmeasurement devices.1.2 OrganizationThis Standard is organized alphabeticlly. Symbols nor-mally applied to various quantities are tabulated insection 3.1.3 ReferencesThis Standard was compiled from many sources,including various reports and standards from TheAmerican Society of Mechanical En

41、gineers (ASME), theAmerican Gas Association (AGA), the AmericanPetroleum Institute (API), the International Society ofAutomation (ISA), the British Standards Institute (BSI),the International Organization for Standardization(ISO), the National Institute for Standards andTechnology (NIST), and the In

42、ternational Organizationof Legal Metrology (OIML).2 GLOSSARY OF TERMSabsolute pressure: algebraic sum of the atmospheric pres-sure and gauge pressure.absolute static pressure of a fluid: static pressure of a fluidmeasured with reference to a perfect vacuum.acceptance test: the evaluating action(s) t

43、o determine if aninstrument satisfactorily meets its performance criteria,permitting the owner/purchaser to formally accept itfrom the supplier.accuracy of measurement: the extent to which a given mea-surement agrees with a reference for that measurement;often used by manufacturers to express the pe

44、rformancecharacteristics of a device.NOTE: “Accuracy” is not the same as “uncertainty” (see “uncer-tainty of measurement”).acoustic matching layer: material comprising one or morelayers, selected to maximize the acoustic coupling coeffi-cient between two media.1acoustic path: the path that the acous

45、tic signals follow asthey propagate through the measurement sectionbetween the transducer elements.acoustic ratio: the differential pressure ratio divided bythe isentropic exponent (compressible fluid).air: mixture of gases and associated water vapor sur-rounding the earth; dry air plus its associat

46、ed watervapor. The term is used synonymously with atmosphere.air, dry: mixture of dry gases present in the atmosphere.ambient temperature: temperature of the atmosphere mea-sured in the immediate vicinity of the point of measure-ment and unaffected by wind or other atmosphericphenomena.annular chamb

47、er: piezometer ring integral with the pipeor the primary device that simplifies the constructionof annular pressure taps.annular space: area between the tapered tube and thefloat that normally increases as the float rises.area meters: flowmeter in which a variation in the crosssection of the fluid s

48、tream under constant head is usedas an indication of the rate of flow, e.g., a float is sus-pended in a vertical tapered tube and as the fluid flowrate changes, the position of the float in the tube changes.arithmetic mean: the sum of values divided by the numberof values, also called “average.”NOTE

49、S:(1) The term “mean” is used generally when referring to a popula-tion parameter, and the term, “average,” when referring to theresult of a calculation on the data obtained in a sample.(2) The average of a simple random sample taken from a popula-tion is an unbiased estimator of the mean of this population.Other estimators, such as the geometric or harmonic mean,the median, or the mode are sometimes used.atmospheric pressure: force per unit area exerted by theatmosphere.NOTE: Standard atmospheric pressure is 760 mm of mercury at0C. This is equivalent to 101.325 kPa and 14.69