ANSI ASA S12.54-2011 American National Standard Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure - Engineering methods p.pdf

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1、 ANSI/ASA S12.54-2011 / ISO 3744:2010 (a revision of ANSI S12.54-1999 / ISO 3744:1994) AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDAcoustics Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (a Na

2、tionally Adopted International Standard) Accredited Standards Committee S12, NoiseStandards Secretariat Acoustical Society of America 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114 E Melville, NY 11747-3177ANSI/ASA S12.54-2011/ ISO 3744:20105HDIILUPHGE$16,)HEUXDUThe American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) i

3、s the national coordinator of voluntary standards development and the clearinghouse in the U.S.A. for information on national and international standards. The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) is an organization of scientists and engineers formed in 1929 to increase and diffuse the knowledge of ac

4、oustics and to promote its practical applications. ANSI/ASA S12.54-2011 / ISO 3744:2010 AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Acoustics Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (a

5、nationally adopted international standard) Secretariat: Acoustical Society of America Approved March 1, 2011 by: American National Standards Institute, Inc. Abstract This American National Standard specifies methods for determining the sound power level or sound energy level of a noise source from s

6、ound pressure levels measured on a surface enveloping the noise source (machinery or equipment) in an environment that approximates to an acoustic free field near one or more reflecting planes. The sound power level (or, in the case of noise bursts or transient noise emission, the sound energy level

7、) produced by the noise source, in frequency bands or with A-weighting applied, is calculated using those measurements. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS ON ACOUSTICS The Acoustical Society of America (ASA) provides the Secretariat for Accredited Standards Committees S1 on Acoustics, S2 on Mechanical Vibr

8、ation and Shock, S3 on Bioacoustics, S3/SC 1 on Animal Bioacoustics, and S12 on Noise. These committees have wide representation from the technical community (manufacturers, consumers, trade associations, organizations with a general interest, and government representatives). The standards are publi

9、shed by the Acoustical Society of America as American National Standards after approval by their respective Standards Committees and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). These standards are developed and published as a public service to provide standards useful to the public, industry,

10、and consumers, and to Federal, State, and local governments. Each of the Accredited Standards Committees (operating in accordance with procedures approved by ANSI) is responsible for developing, voting upon, and maintaining or revising its own Standards. The ASA Standards Secretariat administers Com

11、mittee organization and activity and provides liaison between the Accredited Standards Committees and ANSI. After the Standards have been produced and adopted by the Accredited Standards Committees, and approved as American National Standards by ANSI, the ASA Standards Secretariat arranges for their

12、 publication and distribution. An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially aff

13、ected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered and that a concerted effort be made towards their resolution. The use of an American National Standard is completely voluntary.

14、 Their existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he or she has approved the Standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the Standards. NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn a

15、t any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this Standard. Acoustical Society of America ASA Secretariat 35 Pinelawn Road, Suite 114E Melville, New York 11747-3177 Telephone: 1 (631) 390-0215 Fax:

16、1 (631) 390-0217 E-mail: asastdsaip.org 2011 by Acoustical Society of America. This standard may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for sale, promotion, or any commercial purpose, or any purpose not falling within the provisions of the U.S. Copyright Act of 1976, without prior written

17、 permission of the publisher. For permission, address a request to the Standards Secretariat of the Acoustical Society of America. 2010 Acoustical Society of AmericaAll rights reserved. i Contents 1 Scope . 1 1.1 General . 1 1.2 Types of noise and noise sources 1 1.3 Test environment 1 1.4 Measureme

18、nt uncertainty . 2 2 Normative references . 2 3 Terms and definitions . 2 4 Test environment . 9 4.1 General . 9 4.2 Criteria for background noise . 9 4.3 Criterion for acoustic adequacy of test environment 12 5 Instrumentation 13 5.1 General . 13 5.2 Calibration . 13 6 Definition, location, install

19、ation, and operation of noise source under test 13 6.1 General . 13 6.2 Auxiliary equipment 13 6.3 Noise source location . 14 6.4 Mounting of the noise source . 14 6.5 Installation and mounting conditions for moving noise sources . 15 6.6 Operation of source during test 15 7 Reference box and measur

20、ement surface . 16 7.1 Reference box 16 7.2 Measurement surface . 17 8 Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels 20 8.1 Microphone positions on the measurement surface . 20 8.2 Determination of sound power levels . 23 8.3 Determination of sound energy levels 26 8.4 Calculation of a

21、pparent directivity indices 28 8.5 Calculation of apparent surface sound pressure level non-uniformity index 29 8.6 A-weighted sound power level and sound energy level . 29 9 Measurement uncertainty 29 9.1 Methodology . 29 9.2 Determination of omc. 30 9.3 Determination of R0. 30 9.4 Typical upper bo

22、und values of R031 9.5 Total standard deviation totand expanded measurement uncertainty U 32 10 Information to be recorded . 32 10.1 General . 32 10.2 Noise source under test 32 10.3 Test environment 33 ii 2011 Acoustical Society of AmericaAll rights reserved. 10.4 Instrumentation . 33 10.5 Acoustic

23、al data . 33 11 Test report 34 Annex A (normative) Qualification procedures for the acoustic environment . 35 A.1 General . 35 A.2 Absolute comparison test . 35 A.3 Determination of the environmental correction based on room absorption 36 Annex B (normative) Microphone arrays on a hemispherical meas

24、urement surface . 40 B.1 Microphone positions and additional microphone positions . 40 B.2 Microphone positions for sources adjacent to two reflecting planes 41 B.3 Microphone positions for sources adjacent to three reflecting planes . 41 B.4 Measurement paths 42 Annex C (normative) Microphone array

25、s on a parallelepiped measurement surface . 47 C.1 Microphone positions for sources mounted on one reflecting plane 47 C.2 Microphone positions for sources adjacent to two or three reflecting planes 48 Annex D (informative) Microphone arrays on a cylindrical measurement surface 58 Annex E (normative

26、) Calculation of A-weighted sound power levels and A-weighted sound energy levels from frequency band levels . 62 E.1 A-weighted sound power levels 62 E.2 A-weighted sound energy levels . 62 E.3 Values of k and Ckfor use in calculations 62 Annex F (normative) Alternative microphone array on a hemisp

27、herical measurement surface for direct measurements of A-weighted sound pressure levels . 65 F.1 General . 65 F.2 Microphone positions on the measurement surface . 65 Annex G (normative) Sound power level and sound energy level under reference meteorological conditions 68 Annex H (informative) Guide

28、lines on the development of information on measurement uncertainty . 70 H.1 General . 70 H.2 Considerations on the total standard deviation tot70 H.3 Considerations on omc70 H.4 Considerations on R0. 72 H.5 Combined standard uncertainty 81 H.6 Measurement uncertainty based on reproducibility data 81

29、 Bibliography 82 Figures Figure 1 Reference box and origin of co-ordinates for one, two and three reflecting planes 17 Figure B.1 Preferred microphone positions on the hemispherical measurement surface for all noise sources (The co-ordinates of the positions are given in Table B.1) 42 2011 Acoustica

30、l Society of AmericaAll rights reserved. iii Figure B.2 Microphone positions on the hemispherical measurement surface for a broadband noise source (The co-ordinates of the positions are given in Table B.2) 43 Figure B.3 Microphone positions on a half-hemispherical measurement surface adjacent to two

31、 reflecting planes (The co-ordinates of the positions are given in Table B.2) . 44 Figure B.4 Microphone positions on a quarter-hemispherical measurement surface adjacent to three reflecting planes (The co-ordinates of the positions are given in Table B.3) . 45 Figure B.5 Coaxial circular paths for

32、a moving microphone . 46 Figure C.1 Key microphone positions on a parallelepiped measurement surface consisting of rectangular partial areas 48 Figure C.2 Additional microphone positions over the whole parallelepiped measurement surface consisting of rectangular partial areas . 48 Figure C.3 Example

33、 for additional localized microphone positions on a rectangular partial area 49 Figure C.4 Key microphone positions on a parallelepiped measurement surface consisting of triangular partial areas . 49 Figure C.5 Additional microphone positions over the whole parallelepiped measurement surface consist

34、ing of triangular partial areas 50 Figure C.6 Example for additional localized microphone positions on a pair of triangular partial areas 50 Figure C.7 Example of a measurement surface with microphone positions and paths for a small machine (with dimensions l1 d, l2 d, l3 2d) . 51 Figure C.8 Example

35、 of a measurement surface with microphone positions and paths for a tall machine with a small base area (with dimensions l1 d, l2 d, 2d l3 5d) 52 Figure C.9 Example of a measurement surface with microphone positions and paths for a long machine (with dimensions 4d l1 7d, l2 d, l3 2d) . 53 Figure C.1

36、0 Example of a measurement surface with microphone positions and paths for a medium-sized machine (with dimensions d l1 4d, d l2 4d, 2d l3 5d) 54 Figure C.11 Example of a measurement surface with microphone positions and paths for a large machine (with dimensions 4d l1 7d, d l2 4d, 2d l3 5d) . 55 Fi

37、gure C.12 Parallelepiped measurement surface with six microphone positions for floor-standing noise sources adjacent to two reflecting planes 56 Figure C.13 Parallelepiped measurement surface with four microphone positions for floor-standing noise sources adjacent to three reflecting planes . 57 Fig

38、ure D.1 Example of cylindrical measurement surface and microphone array, with six side microphone paths and three top microphone paths 59 iv 2011 Acoustical Society of AmericaAll rights reserved. Figure D.2 Example of a microphone array with five side microphone paths and four top microphone paths 6

39、0 Figure D.3 Example of a microphone array on a half-cylindrical measurement surface adjacent to two reflecting planes 61 Figure D.4 Example of a microphone array on a quarter-cylindrical measurement surface adjacent to three reflecting planes 61 Figure F.1 Alternative microphone array on a hemisphe

40、rical measurement surface for direct measurements of A-weighted sound pressure levels 67 Tables Table 1 Maximum background noise levels in test room for absolute criteria . 11 Table 2 Typical upper bound values of the standard deviation of reproducibility of the method, R0, for sound power levels an

41、d sound energy levels determined in accordance with this American National Standard 32 Table A.1 Approximate values of the mean sound absorption coefficient, . 39 Table B.1 Preferred microphone positions for all noise sources 40 Table B.2 Microphone positions for a broadband noise source . 41 Table

42、B.3 Microphone positions for a source adjacent to three reflecting planes 41 Table E.1 Values of k and Ckfor mid-band frequencies of one-third octave bands . 63 Table E.2 Values of k and Ckfor mid-band frequencies of octave bands 64 Table F.1 Co-ordinates of alternative microphone positions 66 Table

43、 F.2 Values of the constant, a 66 Table H.1 Examples of calculated total standard deviations totfor three different cases . 72 Table H.2 Uncertainty budget for determinations of R0for sound power level and sound energy level, valid for frequencies from 500 Hz to 4 kHz, or for A-weighted measurements

44、 of a source with a relatively flat frequency spectrum 75 2011 Acoustical Society of AmericaAll rights reserved. v Foreword This Foreword is for information only, and is not a part of the American National Standard ANSI/ASA S12.54-2011 / ISO 3744:2010 American National Standard Acoustics Determinati

45、on of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane. This standard comprises a part of a group of definitions, standards, and specifications for use in noise. It was developed and approved by

46、 Accredited Standards Committee S12, Noise, under its approved operating procedures. Those procedures have been accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The Scope of Accredited Standards Committee S12 is as follows: Standards, specifications, and terminology in the field of ac

47、oustical noise pertaining to methods of measurement, evaluation, and control, including biological safety, tolerance, and comfort, and physical acoustics as related to environmental and occupational noise. This standard is a revision of ANSI S12.54-1999 / ISO 3744:1994, which has been technically re

48、vised. This Standard is identical to International Standard ISO 3744, Acoustics Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane, which was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/T

49、C 43 Subcommittee SC 1, Noise. However, in conformance with ANSI and ISO rules, the words “American National Standard“ replace the words “International Standard“ where they appear in the ISO document, decimal points were substituted in place of the decimal commas used in ISO documents, and American English spelling is used in place of British English spelling. The ANSI or ANSI/ASA equivalents for