ARINC 709A-1-1994 Precision Airborne Distance Measuring Equipment (DME P)《空中传播远距测量精密度包括附录1》.pdf

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1、 PRECISION AIRBORNE DISTANCEMEASURING EQUIPMENT (DME/P)ARINC CHARACTERISTIC 709A-1PUBLISHED: AUGUST 17, 1994AN DOCUMENTPrepared byAIRLINES ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING COMMITTEEPublished byAERONAUTICAL RADIO, INC.2551 RIVA ROAD, ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND 21401This document is based on material submitted by vari

2、ousparticipants during the drafting process. Neither AEEC nor ARINChas made any determination whether these materials could besubject to claims of patent or other proprietary rights by thirdparties, and no representation or warranty, express or implied, ismade in this regard. Any use of or reliance

3、on this document shallconstitute an acceptance hereof “as is” and be subject to thisdisclaimer.Copyright 1998 byAERONAUTICAL RADIO, INC.2551 Riva RoadAnnapolis, Maryland 21401-7465 USAARINC CHARACTERISTIC 709A-1 PRECISION AIRBORNE DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT (DME/P)Published: August 17, 1994P repar

4、ed by the Airlines Electronic Engineering CommitteeCharacteristic 709A Adopted by the Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee: January 31, 1987Characteristic 709A-1 Adopted by the Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee: April 6, 1994A description of the changes introduced by each supplement is

5、included on Goldenrod paper at the end of this document.Supplement 1 will not be made availableseparately due to the extensive changes toprevious version of the standard. It isincluded in its entirety in Characteristic709A-1.FOREWORDActivities of AERONAUTICAL RADIO, INC. (ARINC)and thePurpose of ARI

6、NC CharacteristicsAeronautical Radio, Inc. is a corporation in which the United States scheduled airlines are the principalstockholders. Other stockholders include a variety of other air transport companies, aircraft manufacturers and non-U.S. airlines.Activities of ARINC include the operation of an

7、 extensive system of domestic and overseas aeronauticalland radio stations, the fulfillment of systems requirements to accomplish ground and airborne compatibility, theallocation and assignment of frequencies to meet those needs, the coordination incident to standard airbornecompatibility, the alloc

8、ation and assignment of frequencies to meet those needs, the coordination incident tostandard airborne communications and electronics systems and the exchange of technical information. ARINCsponsors the Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee (AEEC), composed of airline technical personnel. TheAEE

9、C formulates standards for electronic equipment and systems for the airlines. The establishment of EquipmentCharacteristics is a principal function of this Committee.An ARINC Equipment Characteristic is finalized after investigation and coordination with the airlines whohave a requirement or anticip

10、ate a requirement, with other aircraft operators, with the Military services havingsimilar requirements, and with the equipment manufacturers. It is released as an ARINC Equipment Characteristiconly when the interested airline companies are in general agreement. Such a release does not commit any ai

11、rline orARINC to purchase equipment so described nor does it establish or indicate recognition of the existence of anoperational requirement for such equipment, not does it constitute endorsement of any manufacturers productdesigned or built to meet the Characteristic. An ARINC Characteristic has a

12、twofold purpose, which is:(1) To indicate to the prospective manufacturers of airline electronic equipment the consideredopinion of the airline technical people, coordinated on an industry basis, concerning requisites ofnew equipment, and(2) To channel new equipment designs in a direction which can

13、result in the maximum possiblestandardization of those physical and electrical characteristics which influence interchangeabilityof equipment without seriously hampering engineering initiative.iiARINC CHARACTERISTIC 709ATABLE OF CONTENTSITEM SUBJECT PAGE1.0 INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION 11.1 Purpose

14、of this Document 11.2 Functions and Modes of Operation 11.3 Unit-Description 11.3.1 Interrogator Unit 11.3.2 Frequency/Function Control 11.3.3 Indicator 21.3.4 Antenna 21.4 Interchangeability 21.4.1 General 21.4.2 Interchangeability Desired for the ARINC 709A DME/P System 21.4.3 “General Interchange

15、ability” Considerations 21.5 Regulatory Approval 22.0 INTERCHANGEABILITY STANDARDS 32.1 Introduction 32.2 Form Factors, Connectors and Index Pin Coding 32.2.1 DME/P Interrogator 32.2.2 “Standard Control Panel” 32.2.3 Indicator 32.2.4 Antenna 32.3 Interwiring 32.4 Primary Circuitry 42.4.1 Primary Pow

16、er Input 42.4.2 Power Control Circuitry 42.4.3 115 AC Output 42.4.4 The AC Common Cold 42.4.5 The Common Ground 42.5 Standardized Signaling 42.5.1 ARINC 429 DITS Data Bus 42.5.2 Standard “Open” 42.5.3 Standard “Ground” 42.5.4 Standard “Applied Voltage” Output 52.5.5 Standard Discrete Input 52.5.6 St

17、andard Discrete Output 52.6 Environmental Conditions 52.7 Cooling 53.0 SYSTEM DESIGN 73.1 System Application 73.2 Impact of All Weather Landing Program 73.3 Channel Capacity 73.4 Channel Selection 73.5 Ran ge 73.6 Search Speed 73.7 Outputs 73.7.1 Pilots Indicator 73.7.2 Director Connection to FMS, E

18、FIS or Navigation Computer 73.7.3 Aural Output 73.7.4 DME/P Receiver Outputs 83.7.4.1 Ground Station Ident Decoding 83.8 Accuracy 83.9 Failure Warning 83.10 Dual Installation 83.11 Functional Test 83.12 Integrity Monitoring 93.13 Frequency Scanning Mode 9iiiARINC CHARACTERISTIC 709ATABLE OF CONTENTS

19、ITEM SUBJECT PAGE4.0 DME/P INTERROGATOR UNIT DESIGN 104.1 Channel Capacity and Selection 104.1.1 Channel Capacity 104.1.2 Scanning - Channel and Mode Selection System 104.1.3 Non-Scanning - MLS/ILS Approach Modes and Manual VOR 11Paired Mode4.2 Decoder Performance Characteristics 114.3 Range 124.4 T

20、racking 124.4.1 Tracking Speed 124.4.2 Tracking Reply Efficiency 124.5 Acquisition Time Limit Criteria 124.6 Provisions for ILS/DME and MLS/DME Facilities 124.7 Memory 124.7.1 Memory-Distance 124.7.1.1 Accuracy During Memory-Distance 134.7.2 Memory-F ree Scanning Foreground Stack 134.8 Data Outputs

21、134.8.1 Serial Digital Data Outputs 134.8.1.1 BCD Data 144.8.1.2 BNR Data 144.8.1.2.1 DME/N BNR Distance 144.8.1.2.2 DME/P BNR Filtered Distance 144.8.1.2.3 DME/P BNR Range Rate and Status Word 144.8.1.2.4 Data Rate of the DME/P BNR Data Words 154.8.1.2.5 DME/P Measurements Age 154.8.2 Aural Output

22、154.9 Accuracy 164.9.1 Accuracy Without Multipath or Garble 164.9.1.1 Enroute Operation Accuracy 164.9.1.2 DME/P IA Operation Accuracy : Standard 1 164.9.1.3 DME/P IA Operation Accuracy : Standard 2 174.9.1.4 DME/P FA Operation Accuracy: Standard 1 174.9.1.5 DME/P FA Operation Accuracy: Standard 2 1

23、74.9.2 Accuracy in the Presence of Multipath 174.9.2.1 DME/P IA Accuracy: Standard 1 174.9.2.2 DME/P IA Accuracy: Standard 2 174.9.2.3 DME/P FA Accuracy: Standard 1 174.9.2.4 DME/P FA Accuracy: Standard 2 184.9.3 Accuracy in the Presence of Garble 184.9.3.1 DME/P IA Accurac y: Standard 1 and 2 184.9

24、.3.2 DME/P FA Accuracy: Standard 1 and 2 184.10 Failure Warning Annunciation 184.11 RF Power Output 194.11.1 Standby Operation 194.12 Interrogation Rate 194.13 DME/P Interrogator Pulse Spectrum and Characteristics 194.13.1 Frequency Spectrum 194.13.2 Transmitter Pulse Interrogation Coding 194.13.3 T

25、ransmitter Pulse Rise Time 204.13.3.1 DME/P IA Rise Time 204.13.3.2 DME/P FA Rise Time 204.13.4 Transmitter Pulse Top 204.13.5 Transmitter Pulse Duration 204.13.6 Transmitter Pulse Decay Time 204.13.7 CW Output 204.14 Transmitter Frequency Stability 20ivARINC CHARACTERISTIC 709ATABLE OF CONTENTSITEM

26、 SUBJECT PAGE4.15 Receiver Sensitivity 204.16 Co-Channel Performance 204.17 Adj acent Channel Performance 204.17.1 On-Channel Signal Present 204.17.2 No On-Channel Signal Present 204.18 Interference Rejection 214.18.1 Equipment Damage 214.18.2 Performance Degradation 214.19 TACAN Azimuth Provisions

27、214.20 Suppression Pulses 214.21 Echo Susceptibility 214.22 Functional Test 224.23 Monitoring 224.23.1 Indicator Status Monitoring 224.23.2 Antenna Monitoring 234.24 Frequency Scanning Mode 234.24.1 Definitions 234.24.2 Initial Scan 234.24.2.1 Frequency Scan - Foreground 234.24.2.2 Frequency Scan -

28、Background 244.24.2.3 Power Interruptions 244.24.2.4 Output During Directed Scan 245.0 INDICATOR DESIGN GUIDANCE 255.1 Standard Distance Indicator 255.1.1 115 VAC Power Input 255.1.2 Indicator Range 255.1.3 Indicator Accuracy 255.1.4 Display in Absence of Computed Data 255.1.5 Display in Event of Eq

29、uipment Malfunction 255.1.6 Input Isolation 255.1.7 Indicator Status Output 255.2 Alternative DME Indicators 265.3 Integral Lighting 265.4 Special Ground Resolution 266.0 ANTENNAS AND THEIR INSTALLATION 276.1 Antenna Performance Characteristics 276.1.1 Impedance and VSWR 276.1.2 Gain and Polarizatio

30、n 276.1.3 Power Rating 276.2 Installed Antennas and Transmission Line Systems 276.2.1 Radiation Pattern 276.2.2 Impedance and VSWR 276.2.3 Antenna Isolation 276.3 Typical Antenna Physical Configurations 276.3.1 Typical Flush Antenna 276.3.2 Typical Blade Antenna 276.4 Performance Characteristics of

31、Common L-Band Antenna -DME/ATCRBS/D ABS/ASAS 276.4.1 Impedance and VSWR 286.4.2 Gain and Polarization 286.4.3 Power Rating 286.4.4 Radiation Pattern 286.5 Antenna Installation Data Input to Interrogator 286.6 Antenna Selection 28vARINC CHARACTERISTIC 709ATABLE OF CONTENTSITEM SUBJECT PAGE7.0 PROVISI

32、ONS FOR AUTOMATIC TEST EQUIPMENT 297.1 General 297.2 Unit Identification 297.2.1 Pin Allocation 297.2.2 Use of ATLAS Language 298.0 BUILT-IN TEST EQUIPMENT (BITE) 308.1 Built-In Test Equipment 308.2 Display 308.3 Fault Monitor 308.4 Self-Test Initiation 308.5 Monitor Memory Output 319.0 DEFINITIONS

33、32-33ATTACHMENTS1 DME Interrogator Unit Connector Positioning 342 Standard Interwiring 35-423 Environmental Test Categories 434A Electromechanical DME Indicator 444B Light Bar Type DME Indicator 455 DME Indicator Pin Connections 466 Suppression Pulse System Characteristics 47-487 Typical Flush Anten

34、nas 498 Typical Blade Antenna 508B Typical Blade Antenna 519 Digital Data Standards 52-5810 Selection of TACAN Channels Not Paired With VHF NAV Frequencies 59APPENDICES1 Standard Control Panel 602 Excerpts from ICAO Annex 10 “International Standards andRecommended Practices Aeronautical Telecommunic

35、ations”Relevant to DME 61-903 Military Standard - Standard Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) Signal 91-1044 United States (U.S.) National Aviation Standard for the Very HighFrequency Omnidirectional Radio Range (VDR)/Distance MeasuringEquipment (DME)/Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN) Systems 105-170viRE

36、VISED: August 17, 1994ARINC CHARACTERISTIC 709A- Page 11.0 INTRODUCTION AND DESCRIPTION1.1 Purpose of This DocumentThis document sets forth the desired characteristics of a newPrecision Distance Measuring Equipment intended forinstallation in commercial transport aircraft. The intent of thisdocument

37、 is to provide general and specific design guidance forthe development of the DME/P. It will describe the desiredoperational capability of the equipment and the standardsnecessary to ensure interchangeability.Equipment manufacturers should note that this documentencourages them to produce maintenanc

38、e-free, highperformance equipment rather than that of minimum weight andsize. They are at liberty to accomplish this objective by meansof the techniques they consider to be the most appropriate.Their airline customers are interested primarily in the end resultrather than the means employed to achiev

39、e it.1.2 Functions and Modes of OperationThe function of the DME/P system is to provide slant rangedistance from an aircraft to a selected DME ground facility. Thisinformation is presented to the flight crew on an indicatorlocated in the instrument panel. Other applications includeutilization of fre

40、quency scanning modes by navigationcomputers. During the various frequency scanning modes, theDME/P provides multiple distance and frequency data to thenavigation computer. These enroute station scanningcapabilities are not needed during a DME/P approach andlanding.COMMENTARYThe reader will surely r

41、ecognize the fact that no-one(especially pilots) really wants the slant range to the DMEfacility. It is, however, impossible to provide “coursedistance” or non-slant range distance without resorting toall kinds of complicated (and therefore both unreliableand expensive) tie-ins with altimeters, comp

42、uters andwhat have you. Thus, in the interest of simplicity andstandardization, this Characteristic sets forth the need forslant range even though we dont really want it!For landing purposes the DME/P complements the angleMLS/ILS with precise range data. During MLS/ILS approaches,the DME/P should pr

43、ovide the flight management system withhigh precision, high data rate information pertaining to thedistance from the DME/P transponder that is being used for theapproach and landing.During approach (within 22 nautical miles of the runway), theDME/P should have two approach modes available. InitialAp

44、proach (IA) mode should be active as the approach zone isentered. The DME/P should transition to the Final Approach(FA) mode not more than 8 nautical miles from the groundtransponder. The FA mode is intended to provide improvedaccuracy in the final approach area. Selection of the appropriatemode (IA

45、/FA) should be made by the DME/P Interrogator Unitautomatically. No mode select control is needed.COMMENTARYPrecision DME (DME/P) is an outgrowth of the need forhigher precision distance information than that availablefrom DME/N. The need was particularly strong forlanding, especially in conjunction

46、 with MLS approaches.The DME concept was expanded to a two-pulse/two-mode technique which satisfies this need for accuracywhile maintaining compatibility and interoperabilitywith ground systems already in place. The initialapproach (IA) mode is identical to DME/N, using the 50percent pulse threshold

47、. Transition from IA to FAshould occur between 8 and 7 nautical miles. Bylimiting the final approach (FA) mode coverage to below8 nautical miles, the adjacent channel power constraintson the DME/P Interrogator can be satisfied while anadequate threshold-to-noise ratio can be maintained.An aircraft l

48、ocated 22 to 8 nautical miles from theground station should interrogate with the IA modeinterrogation pulse spacing (code) of 12 microsecondsfor X channel, 36 microseconds for Y channel, 24microseconds for W channel and 21 microseconds for Zchannel at a rate of 40 interrogations per second forsearch

49、 and 16 interrogations per second for track. Anaircraft within 7 nautical miles of a DME/P groundstation should interrogate using an 18 microsecond pulsespacing for X channel, 42 microseconds for Y channel,30 microseconds for W channel and 27 microseconds forZ channel at a rate of 40 Hz. A full listing ofinterrogation codes can be found in Section 3.5.4.4.1 ofICAO Annex 10 contained in Appendix 2.In the 8 to 7 nautical mile region, an approachingDME/P Interrogator should transmit in both the IA andFA modes to achieve a smooth transition. In the eventthat no FA mode replies