ACI SP-157-1995 Recent Developments in Lateral Force Transfer in Buildings《建筑物中横向力转移的最新发展》.pdf

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1、HAEL P. COLLINS E? FRIEDER SEIBLE AC1 SP-157 95 m Ob62949 0524383 780 m Proceedings of the TOM PAULAY SYMPOSIUM “Recent Developments in Lateral Force Transfer in Buildings“ September 20-22,1993 La Jolla, California Swonsored by: Amerhan Concrete Institute Earthqua& Engineering wearch Institute Unive

2、rsity OfCacifornia, San Bieg0 AC1 SP-157 95 W 0662947 0524382 bL7 DISCUSSION of individual papers in this symposium may be submitted in accordance with general requirements of the AC1 Publication Policy to AC1 headquarters at the address given below. Closing date for submission of discussion is Febr

3、uary 1, 1996. All discussion approved by the Technical Activities Committee along with closing remarks by the authors will be published in the July/August 1996 issue of either AC1 Structural Journal or AC1 Materials Journal depending on the subject emphasis of the individual paper. The Institute is

4、not responsible for the statements or opinions expressed in its publications. Institute publications are not able to, nor intended to, supplant individual training, responsibility, or judgment of the user, or the supplier, of the information presented. The papers in this volume have been reviewed un

5、der Institute publication procedures by individuals expert in the subject areas of the papers. Copyright O 1995 AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE P.O. Box 19150, Redford Station Detroit, Michigan 48219 All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the

6、making of copies by any photo process, or by any electronic or mechanical device, printed or written or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduction or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors. Printed in t

7、he United States of America Cover design by Steve Kronenberg Editorial production Victoria Lunick Library of Congress catalog card number 95-79081 AC1 SP-I157 95 0 0662749 0524383 553 Tom Paulay, OBE Emeritus Professor of Civil Engineering University of Canterbury, New Zealand O Ordinary Officer of

8、the Most EkceUent Order of the British Empire - Civil Division 0 Doctor of Philosophy, University of Canterbury, New Zealand Honorary Doctor of Technical Science, Eidgenssische Technische Hochschule, Zrich O Honorary Doctor of Engineering, Budapest 0 Fellow of the Royal Sociely of New Zealand O Fell

9、ow of the Institution of Professional Engineers, New Zealand O Honorary Member of the American Concrete Institute O Life Member, New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering O President of the International Association for Earthquake Engineering (1993) AC1 SP-157 95 m 0662949 0524384 49T

10、m PREFACE Thomas Paulay, Professor Emeritus at the University of Canterbury, New Zealand, is widely known and respected for his deep involvement and contributions to modern seismic design. He has had a long and extremely active career, and his many technical publications and books have had a great i

11、mpact on seismic design of concrete structures. His research has been recognized with numerous awards and prestigious appointments, including his current position as President of the International Association for Earthquake Engineering, and Honorary Member of the American Concrete Institute. In 1993

12、, Professor Paulay celebrated his 70th birthday. To recognize this event, and his illustrious career, a special symposium in his honor was organized. Invited addresses on topics related to lateral force transfer in buildings, included in these proceedings, were prepared by invitation by eminent rese

13、archers and practitioners who have had personal involvement with Professor Paulay and his research. The symposium, sponsored by the American Concrete Institute, the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute and the University of California, San Diego, was held September 20-22, 1993, in La Jolla, Cal

14、ifornia. The proceedings are published in this symposium volume. Symposium Organizers: Nigel Priestley Professor of Structural Engineering University of California, San Diego Michael P. Collins Professor of Civil Engineering University of Toronto Fneder Seible Professor of Structural Engineering Uni

15、versity of California, San Diego V AC1 SP-157 95 I Obb2949 0524385 326 CONTENTS PREFACE . v THE PAULAY YEARS byR.Park . 1 EMPIRICAL VERSUS RATIONAL APPROACH IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING - WHAT WE LEARNED FROM NEW ZEALAND COLUMN JOINTS IN THE TRILATERAL COOPERATIVE RESEARCH ON BEAM- by H. Aoyama . 31 SH

16、EAR IN JOINTS AND OTHER PLACES by J. O. Jirsa 59 CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES IN THE SEISMIC DESIGN OF CONNECTIONS IN REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAMES by D. Mitchell . 75 ANCHORAGE OF BEAM BARS WITH 90-DEG BEND IN REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS by O. Joh, Y. Goto, and T. Shibata 97 DYNAMIC DUCTILITY DEMAN

17、D AND CAPACITY DESIGN OF EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT REINFORCED CONCRETE WALLS by H, Bachmann and P. Linde 117 ELONGATION IN DUCTILE SEISMIC-RESISTANT REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAMES by R. C. Fenwick and B. J. Davidson . 143 POTENTIAL PROBLEMS IN DESIGN FOR MAXIMUM FLEXIBILITY by A. J. Carr and M. Tabuchi 171 A

18、C1 SP-157 95 = 0662949 0524386 262 SEISMIC DESIGN OF FRAME BUILDINGS: A EUROPEAN PERSPECTIVE by P. E. Pinto and G. M. Calvi . 191 MULTI-STORY PRECAST CONCRETE FRAMED BUILDINGS by A. J. OLeary 211 MYTHS AND FALLACIES IN EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING - CONFLICTS BETWEEN DESIGN AND REALITY by M. J. N. Priestl

19、ey .231 FORMULATION OF A CONCEPTUAL SEISMIC CODE by V. V. Bertero and R. D. Bertero 255 JAPANESE PRESSS DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS by S. Otani 289 DEVELOPMENT OF CANADIAN SEISMIC-RESISTANT DESIGN CODE FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS by S. M. Uzumeri .301 DUCTILITY OF COLUM

20、NS, WALLS, AND BEAMS - HOW MUCH IS ENOUGH? by W. G. Corley 331 THE USE OF RATIONAL DESIGN METHODS FOR SHEAR by M. P. Collins 351 NON-HOOPED REINFORCED CONCRETE COLUMNS AND BEAM-TO-COLUMN CONNECTIONS LATERALLY CONFINED IN BELLOWS SQUARE STEEL TUBE byM.Tomii . 375 SEISMIC RETROFIT OF BEAM-TO-COLUMN JO

21、INTS WITH GROUTED STEEL TUBES by T. E. Hoffschild, H. G. L. Prion, and S. Cherry . 397 REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS IN MODERATE SEISMIC ZONES: PROGRESS AND PROBLEMS IN EVALUATION AND DESIGN by P. Gergely 427 STUDIES ON THE SEISMIC RESPONSE OF WAFFLE-FLAT PLATE BUILDINGS by M. Rodriguez and R. Meli

22、449 viii AC1 SP-157 95 I 0662949 O524387 IT9 THE PHILIPPINES EARTHQUAKE OF JULY 1990 - LESSONS FOR US ALL FROM THE DESTRUCION AND RECONSTRUCTION by D. C. Hopkins . 465 DEFORMATION AND FORCE CAPACITY ASSESSMENT ISSUES IN STRUCTURAL WALL BUILDINGS by F. Seible, G. R. Kingsley, and A. G. Krkchbasche .

23、487 SI (Metric) TABLES . 513 INDEX 515 ix AC1 SP-157 95 I 0662949 0524388 035 I SP 157-1 The Paulay Years by R. Park Synopsis: An outline is given of the many significant and pioneering contributions made by Emeritus Professor Tom Paulay to the understanding of the behaviour of reinforced concrete a

24、nd to the design of reinforced concrete structures for earthquake resistance. Particularly innovative has been his research into the design of structural walls for earthquake resistance, including the concept of the use of diagonal reinforcement in coupling beams. Other internationally recognised re

25、search described are his outstanding investigations into the mechanisms of shear resistance of reinforced concrete, aggregate interlock across cracks, behaviour of beam- column joints, and the capacity design and detailing procedures for structural walls and frames. 1 AC1 SP-157 95 Obb2949 0524389 T

26、71 2 Park R. Park, FACI, is Depuiy Vice-Chancellor and a Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. He has teaching and research interests in reinforced and prestressed concrete structures, particularly in the design for earthquake resistance. He is th

27、e author or co-author of more than 200 technical papers and two books. He has received 16 awards from North America, United Kingdom and New Zealand for his published papers. FROM CAVALRY OFFICER TO UNIVERSITY PROFESSOR Born in Sopron, Hungary on 26 May 1923, Tom Paulay was initially destined or a li

28、fe in the Royal Hungarian Army. After attending a boarding school for military cadets in Sopron he entered the Royal Hungarian Military Academy in Budapest. On graduating he was posted as a second lieutenant to the same cavalry regiment in which his father served for many years. One year later, in 1

29、944, he faced the advancing Russian army in the Prypet Marches of the then Eastern Poland. At the age of 21, after mounting casualties, he found himself in command of a cavalry squadron consisting of 278 men and 308 horses. Action in Poland and later in Hungary, and months spent in various military

30、hospitals, left him somewhat deaf, a feature remembered by his later colleagues and students. After discharge from the army in 1946, with many other returned servicemen he joined the first year civil engineering class of 360 at the Technical University of Budapest. Describing this stage of his life,

31、 Tom Paulay has written that: The Technical University of Budapest afer 52 days siege of the city was barely habitable. The fact that during the winter snow fell through large holes in the ceiling of the largest lecture room, did not interfere with the attraction with which brilliant lectures in eng

32、ineering mathematics were followed. The professor wore two raincoats (his winter coat was buried under his house) and he wrote his equations on the blackboard wearing knitted gloves. Dozens of shallow graves all over the campus, where German, Russian and Hungarian soldiers had been hastily buried du

33、ring the battle of Budapest, were daily reminders. They stifled any temptation to grumble about physical deprivations. Reliance by students on fellowship was a prerequisite to preserve sanity in the process of coping with hunger, the cold and the immense academic pressure. AC1 SP-157 95 Obb2949 0524

34、390 793 Lateral Force Transfer in Buildings 3 The compromise between preserving free entry to the university and the greatly diminished immediate need for engineers in a totally collapsed economic system, resulted open in 75% failure rates at the end of the first year. While physical conditions impr

35、oved slowly the political scene deteriorated dramatically. By 1948 Joseph Stalin and the Red Army imposed virfually full control over society by means of channelling the power into the hands of the Communist Party and its tool, the political police. For them to subdue within the campus an idealistic

36、 and hopeful but largely apolitical student body, was a formidable task However, the outcome was inevitable. In 1948 Tom Paulay was one of the few who escaped from the Budapest equivalent of Rochester Hall (a Catholic hall of residence at the University of Canterbury), dissolved overnight by governm

37、ent orders. He made it across closely guarded forests to Austria and West Germany. Most of his fiends, including his roommate, did not succeed. They spent some five years in a concentration camp: In West Germany he enrolled at the Technical University of Munich but lack of financial resources soon t

38、erminated his attempt to continue civil engineering studies. For three years he occupied himself with international student relief activities, sustained by charitable organisations, in his new status as a stateless person. At this stage he began to teach himself English. His next turn of fate favour

39、ed New Zealand. He was offered a scholarship by a small group of Catholic students from Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. As a result, in 1951 the International Refuge Organisation delivered Tom Paulay, his wife Herta and baby daughter to New Zealand. Two years later he completed a Bac

40、helor of Engineering (Civil) degree at Canterbury University College. Before graduating he had brief periods of work experience as a maintenance labourer with New Zealand railways and as a labourer in woolstores. After completing BE (Civil) he worked for eight years as a structural engineer with a f

41、irm of consulting engineers in Wellington, where his ability and instinct for structural design became clearly evident. In 1961 he joined the Department of Civil Engineering of the University of Canterbury as a Lecturer. There his main teaching interest was the application of engineering fundamental

42、s to creative structural design. He proved to be a gifted and popular teacher. Encounters with students in the classroom were a prime source of joy to him. The students responded with enthusiasm, in spite of the high demands placed on them, and profited greatly from the experience - a very fortunate

43、 generation of students indeed. At the urging of the then head of department he embarked on research work in 1964 which led to a PhD degree in 1969. Progressing through the steps in the academic ladder, in 1975 he was appointed to a person chair (professorship) in civil engineering at the University

44、 of Canterbury. AC1 SP-157 95 Obb29i.19 0524393 b2T a 4 Park He has maintained a continued interest and intense involvement in research at the University of Canterbury during the last thirty years. Although his first technical paper was published in 1967 when he was age 44, he has published 100 publ

45、ications since that date, comprising 3 books, 9 book chapters and parts of seminar volumes, 58 papers in refereed journals and 30 papers in conference proceedings (see the attached list of publications by T Paulay). His publications have had a major impact on the seismic design of concrete structure

46、s and have been recognised by numerous awards and prestigious appointments both in New Zealand and overseas. In 1983 he was elected to Fellowship of the Royal Society of New Zealand and in 1987 to Honorary Membership of the American Concrete Institute, the 23rd non-American so honoured since 1926. H

47、is services to civil engineering were marked by the Professional Commitment Award of the Institution of Professional Engineers New Zealand in 1985, and by being made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in 1986. He has also received honorary doctorates from the Swiss Federal Institute of Te

48、chnology and the Technical University of Budapest. He retired from the University of Canterbury in 1989 after 28 years of extraordinary service and achievement. Although retired he has maintained strong ties with his colleagues, attending most days to work in his study and to talk with staff, studen

49、ts and visitors at the University of Canterbury. He has also kept a high international profile, becoming the President of the International Association for Earthquake Engineering in 1992. RESEARCH Tom Paulays research during the last thirty years has had a profound effect on current understanding of aspects of the behaviour and seismic design of reinforced concrete structures. His many publications are highly regarded internationally for their deep and significant contributions. Indeed many of his publications have become classics. This research work has built on his uncanny ability