BS PD CEN TS 16916-2016 Materials obtained from End of Life Tyres Determination of specific requirements for sampling and determination of moisture content using the oven-.pdf

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1、Materials obtained from End of Life Tyres Determination of specific requirements for sampling and determination of moisture content using the oven-dry method PD CEN/TS 16916:2016 BSI Standards Publication WB11885_BSI_StandardCovs_2013_AW.indd 1 15/05/2013 15:06National foreword This Published Docume

2、nt is the UK implementation of CEN/TS 16916:2016. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/73, Industrial rubber products. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to i

3、nclude all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. The British Standards Institution 2016. Published by BSI Standards Limited 2016 ISBN 978 0 580 91103 3 ICS 13.030.50; 83.160.01 Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from legal o

4、bligations. This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 31 August 2016. Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication Date Text affected PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD CEN/TS 16916:2016 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION SPCIFICATION TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHE

5、SPEZIFIKATION CEN/TS 16916 March 2016 ICS 13.030.50; 83.160.01 English Version Materials obtained from End of Life Tyres - Determination of specific requirements for sampling and determination of moisture content using the oven-dry method Materialien aus Altreifen - Bestimmung der spezifischen Anfor

6、derungen fr die Probennahme und Bestimmung des Feuchtigkeitsgehaltes aus dem Ofen- Trockenverfahren This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 11 January 2016 for provisional application. The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the

7、 members of CEN will be requested to submit their comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard. CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available promptly at national

8、level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS) until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia

9、, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and Unit

10、ed Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN

11、/TS 16916:2016 E PD CEN/TS 16916:2016CEN/TS 16916:2016 (E) 2 Contents Page European foreword . 3 1 Scope 4 2 Normative references 4 3 Terms and definitions . 4 4 Principle . 4 5 Apparatus . 4 6 Preparation of the sampling plan and laboratory sample . 5 6.1 Principles of sampling . 5 6.1.1 General 5

12、6.1.2 Sampling plan . 5 6.2 Sampling point and apparatus . 5 6.2.1 Sampling point for stocked materials 5 6.2.2 Sampling point for production samples 7 6.3 Determination of lot size 7 6.3.1 Lot size for production 7 6.3.2 Lot size of stocked material . 7 6.4 Size of a sample increment 7 6.5 Number o

13、f increments . 7 6.5.1 Number of increments from production process 7 6.5.2 Number of increments from stocked materials in big bags . 8 6.6 Storage and transport of laboratory sample(s) . 9 7 Procedure. 9 7.1 Reference method . 9 8 Calculation 10 8.1 Moisture content reference method 10 9 Test repor

14、t 10 Bibliography . 11 PD CEN/TS 16916:2016CEN/TS 16916:2016 (E) 3 European foreword This document (CEN/TS 16916:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 366 “Materials obtained from End-of-Life Tyres (ELT)”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. Attention is drawn to the possibility

15、 that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are boun

16、d to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Por

17、tugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. PD CEN/TS 16916:2016CEN/TS 16916:2016 (E) 4 1 Scope This Technical Specification specifies a method for determining the total moisture content of materials obtained from End of Life Tyres (ELT) by drying s

18、amples in an oven. The method is applicable to chips, granulates, powders and textile derived from the treatment of End of Life Tyres. This document is not intended for the determination of moisture content in steel wires. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are norm

19、atively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. CEN/TS 14243:2010, Materials produced from end of life tyres

20、Specification of categories based on their dimension(s) and impurities and methods for determining their dimension(s) and impurities 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in CEN/TS 14243:2010 apply. 4 Principle The sample of material is dried at a

21、 temperature of 105 C in air atmosphere until constant mass is reached. The percentage of moisture is calculated from the loss in mass of the sample. The method includes a procedure for the correction of buoyancy effects. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Drying oven, capable of being controlled at (105 2) C (see dec

22、laration of the manufacturer) and in which the air atmosphere changes between three and five times per hour. The air velocity shall be such that the sample particles are not dislodged from their dish or tray (5.2). 5.2 Dishes or trays of non-corrodible and heat-resistant material and of such dimensi

23、ons that they are able to hold the total sample in the proportion of about 1 g of sample per 100 mm 2of surface area of the dish or tray respectively or about 0,5 g per 100 mm 2for textile samples. The surface of the dish or tray shall be such that the possibility to adsorption/absorption is minimiz

24、ed (very clean and even surface). 5.3 Balance, capable of weighing the sample and dish or tray (5.2), as received, to the nearest 0,1 g. PD CEN/TS 16916:2016CEN/TS 16916:2016 (E) 5 6 Preparation of the sampling plan and laboratory sample 6.1 Principles of sampling 6.1.1 General The main principle of

25、 sampling is to obtain a representative sample(s) from a lot of material from which the moisture content shall be determined. The objective of this procedure is to take samples in a way that is truly representative of the moisture content of the material produced. There are two alternatives. The fir

26、st alternative is to measure the moisture content of a production sample, in a point as close as possible to the entrance point in the big bag. The second alternative is to measure the moisture content from stored material. It is important to handle as little as possible the samples, as this manipul

27、ation can strongly affect the moisture content of the sample. 6.1.2 Sampling plan A written sampling plan shall be prepared before samples are taken according to Subclauses 6.2 to 6.6. The number of increments shall be not less than the minimum number of increments specified in 6.5. The sampling sch

28、eme shall contain, at least, the following information: a) the name of the sampler, the place where the sample was taken and the date when it was taken; b) a full identification of the laboratory sample (reference); c) a full identification of the big-bag from which the sample was taken; d) the type

29、 of storage condition (outdoor or indoor); e) the mass of the laboratory sample (g); f) the name and the volume of the sampling tool (ml); g) the number and position of the primary portions within the big-bag; h) the type of ELTs specified in the test programme; i) a reference to this document; j) t

30、he report on all the operating conditions not specified in this standard, or any optional operations; k) the report on any possible incidents that might have affected the representative nature of the sample. 6.2 Sampling point and apparatus 6.2.1 Sampling point for stocked materials To give a labora

31、tory sample having a mass of not less than 500 g, six sampling points for the collection of sample increments shall be chosen for each material to be monitored. PD CEN/TS 16916:2016CEN/TS 16916:2016 (E) 6 Sampling shall be carried out taking the primary increments from different heights of a big bag

32、. At least three increments shall be taken at different heights as specified in 6.5: P1: At the top (approximately 20 cm from the surface); P2: In the middle; P3: At the bottom of the big-bag (approximately 20 cm from the bottom). Figure 1 Position of increments for three portions If it is not possi

33、ble to take samples in the centre axis of big-bag (see Figure 1) then six increments shall be taken on two opposite sides of the big bag at different height. Figure 2 Position of increments for six portions Two apparatus for taking samples are shown in 6.5.2 (taking of an increment by the top of the

34、 sample and taking of an increment by the side of the big bag). PD CEN/TS 16916:2016CEN/TS 16916:2016 (E) 7 The sampler can choose the most appropriate tool provided that the tool chosen is specified in the sampling scheme. 1) mix the increments in a pan to make up the laboratory sample; 2) weigh th

35、e laboratory sample. 6.2.2 Sampling point for production samples A fixed sampling point for the collection of sample increments shall be chosen for each material to be monitored. The best sampling point for moisture determination on a production sample is the sealing closure of the big bag when the

36、moisture content of the sample due to the production conditions shall not change. Sampling shall be carried out using a sample box or other suitable equipment. The sampling box is passed through the stream of falling material so that it uniformly cuts the full flow of falling material. The box shall

37、 be large enough so that it does not become overloaded. Automatic systems fulfilling these criteria may also be used. 6.3 Determination of lot size 6.3.1 Lot size for production The lot size shall be defined by the producer in accordance with requested specifications and is a fixed quantity for whic

38、h a characteristic shall be determined. The lot size (Mlot) may be defined by the producer as: a fixed quantity in a production day/shift; a fixed quantity minimum of 20 t (10 t for powders). The lot size should be determined based on production quality management decisions or specific customer requ

39、irements. 6.3.2 Lot size of stocked material The lot size shall be defined by the producer or by agreement between producer and customer. The lot size should be based on specific customer requirements. 6.4 Size of a sample increment The sampling box shall have a capacity of not less than 2 000 cm 3

40、. Each increment should be not less than 200 cm 3and not bigger than 500 cm 3 . 6.5 Number of increments 6.5.1 Number of increments from production process The minimum number of increments to be taken from a lot depends on the nominal top size of the granulate material to be sampled. The granulate s

41、hall be assigned by the sampler to one of two groups in Table 1. PD CEN/TS 16916:2016CEN/TS 16916:2016 (E) 8 Table 1 Classification of material according to size Group 1 Group 2 nominal top size 10 mm nominal top size is between 10 mm and 20 mm When sampling from moving material: Group 1: n = 3 + 0,

42、025 mlot size of granulates from 0,8 mm to 10 mm and powders under 0,8 mm Group 2: n = 5 + 0,040 mlot size of granulates from 10 mm to 20 mm and chips considered as very large granulates where n is the minimum permitted number of increments rounded off to the higher nearest whole number; mlot is the

43、 mass of the lot in tonnes. Sample collection is carried out according to the sample plan and the increments are collected manually using the sampling box. Each increment is placed in a separate container. Increments shall be taken at regular intervals during the discharge of the lot in accordance w

44、ith the sampling plan. The time of increment collection is recorded in the sampling plan. At the end of this process, all the increments corresponding to the lot are put together to create the combined sample(s) which are sent to the laboratory as laboratory sample(s). 6.5.2 Number of increments fro

45、m stocked materials in big bags For stocked materials the minimum number of increments is three when using a screw (Figure 3) and six when using a sampler (Figure 4). Figure 3 Screw PD CEN/TS 16916:2016CEN/TS 16916:2016 (E) 9 Figure 4 Sampler 6.6 Storage and transport of laboratory sample(s) Samples

46、 shall be stored in a tight container and in proper dry conditions in order to avoid changes in the humidity of the sample. 7 Procedure 7.1 Reference method 7.1.1 Weigh an empty clean dish or tray (5.2) to the nearest 0,1 g, transfer the sample from the container or bag to the dish or tray and sprea

47、d the sample evenly, allowing about 1 g of sample per 100 mm 2of surface area of the dish or tray respectively or about 0,5 g per 100 mm 2for textile samples. Weigh an identical empty clean dish or tray (reference dish respectively tray) to the nearest 0,1 g. NOTE 1 A reference dish or a reference t

48、ray is included in the procedure for a correction of buoyancy. To avoid absorption of moisture from the atmosphere, the dish or tray (5.2) with the dried sample is reweighed when still hot. The mass of a dish or tray when still hot is, due to buoyancy, less than the mass of the cold dish or tray. Th

49、e magnitude of the buoyancy effect depends on the size and the mass of the dish or tray. NOTE 2 Several dishes or trays can be handled at the same time. 7.1.2 Weigh the dish or tray (5.2) together with the sample. Place the loaded dish or tray together with the reference tray in the drying oven (5.1) controlled at (105 2) C. Heat the dish or tray until constant mass is reached as specified in 7.1.3. Do not overload the drying oven. There should be enough empty room over the sample layer and also between the dishes or trays. 7.1.3 The textil