BS PD CEN TR 15678-2008 Concrete — Release of nregulated dangerous nsubstances into soil ngroundwater and nsurface water — Test nmethod for new or nunapproved nconstituen.pdf

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1、PUBLISHED DOCUMENT PD CEN/TR 15678:2008 Concrete Release of regulated dangerous substances into soil, groundwater and surface water Test method for new or unapproved constituents of concrete and for production concretes ICS 91.100.30 PD CEN/TR 15678:2008 This Published Document was published under t

2、he authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 30 May 2008 BSI 2008 ISBN 978 0 580 58694 1 National foreword This Published Document is the UK implementation of CEN/TR 15678:2008. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee B/516, Cement and lime, to

3、Subcommittee B/516/12, Sampling and testing. A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Amendments/corri

4、genda issued since publication Date CommentsTECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN/TR 15678 April 2008 ICS 91.100.30 English Version Concrete - Release of regulated dangerous substances into soil, groundwater and surface water - Test method for new or unapproved constituents of c

5、oncrete and for production concretes Bton - Relargage de substances dangereuses rglementes dans les sols, les eaux souterraines et les eaux de surface - Mthode dessai des constituants du bton, nouveaux ou non-approuvs, et des formules de bton Beton - Freisetzung regulierter gefhrlicher Stoffe in den

6、 Boden, das Grundwasser und das Oberflchenwasser - Testmethode fr neue oder noch nicht zugelassene Bestandteile von Beton und fr Betone This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 1 October 2007. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 51. CEN members are the national standards bodie

7、s of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EURO

8、PEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN/TR 15678:2008: E2 Content

9、s Page Foreword3 Introduction .4 1 Scope 10 2 Normative references 10 3 Terms and definitions .11 4 Principle12 5 Reagents.13 6 Apparatus .13 7 Reference concrete13 8 Sampling of constituents14 9 Control mix, test mixes and test pieces 15 10 Preparation of concrete test pieces.17 11 Extraction proce

10、dure.18 12 Assessment of unapproved constituents .18 13 Analysis 19 14 Calculation of results 19 15 Expression of results 20 16 Test report 20 17 Test performance (precision estimates and uncertainty) .23 Annex A (normative) Testing for release of (regulated) dangerous substances from pre-hardened c

11、oncrete products formed in the factory 24 Annex B (informative) Testing for release of (regulated) dangerous substances from hardened test pieces representative of fresh wet concretes or pre-packaged concretes .27 Annex C (informative) Principles of laboratory concrete mix design to be applied for t

12、he assessment of new/unapproved constituents of concrete .30 Bibliography 35 CEN/TR 15678:20083 Foreword This document (CEN/TR 15678:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 51 “Cement and buliding limes”, the secretariat of which is held by NBN. It describes test methods, that when com

13、pleted, will produce eluates for the assessment of inorganic and organic substances potentially released from either the constituents of concretes (tested within hardened reference concretes) or from production concretes (or test pieces representative of production concretes) whether presented in th

14、e pre-hardened/precast state, fresh wet state or pre-packaged. This document is currently incomplete. This document does not include the extraction procedure necessary to produce the eluates because extraction procedures will be developed within a programme of horizontal test method standardisation

15、under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association in order to support essential requirements of EU Directives. The necessary programme of work is being undertaken in CEN/TC 351 Construction products Assessment of release of dangerous substances. Annex A,

16、 which is normative, describes the testing for release of (regulated) dangerous substances from pre- hardened concrete products formed in the factory. Annex B, which is informative, describes the testing for release of (regulated) dangerous substances from hardened test pieces representative of fres

17、h wet concretes or pre-packaged concretes. Annex C, which is informative, describes the principles of laboratory concrete mix design to be applied for the assessment of new/unapproved constituents of concrete. CEN/TR 15678:20084 Introduction Regulatory background In March 2005 the Commission Service

18、s of the European Union published mandate M/366 “Development of horizontal standardised assessment methods for harmonised approaches relating to (regulated) dangerous substances under the Construction Products Directive (CPD)”. M/366 deals with the subject of emissions or release of (regulated) dang

19、erous substances from construction products, as defined in the CPD, which may have harmful impacts on human health and the environment in relation to essential requirement No. 3 (ER 3), Health, hygiene and the environment, of the CPD. The mandate is intended to provide harmonised European measuremen

20、t/test method standards that are needed in order to remove technical barriers to trade and bring about the “approximation” of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States. The measurement/test standards should provide results that can be expressed in performance terms and be

21、suitable for addressing the emission or release of (regulated) dangerous substances within provisions in harmonised European Technical Specifications (ETS). For ease of assigning the appropriate environments or exposure scenarios to individual products, the environment is notionally divided into two

22、 distinct environmental compartments: indoor air and soil, groundwater and surface water. In this context, it is important to recognize that essential requirement No. 3 only covers the potential effects of construction on the health of occupants and neighbours of construction works and the environme

23、nt immediately surrounding the works. In life-cycle terms, it covers only the service life of a product and, therefore, does not cover the construction phase or end-of-use/disposal. These distinct environmental compartments are necessarily associated with exposure-specific test methodologies, the em

24、ission of volatile, semi-volatile or other substances into indoor air being physico- chemically, kinetically and thermodynamically distinct from release into aqueous environments. The test methods described herein address only the potential release of substances into soil, groundwater and surface wa

25、ter, forms of aqueous exposure which, given the focus on service-life, could be described as the natural environment. Assessment of emission of substances into indoor air may or may not be relevant for the cementitious products identified in this CEN TR. However, if it emerges that the regulatory re

26、gime requires that this aspect of performance be addressed, then the European cement and concrete sector, via its standardization committees, will involve itself in appropriate work items. At the time of drafting this CEN TR, spring 2007, there are a number of uncertainties about the regulatory regi

27、me that will eventually govern the assessment of emission/release of dangerous substances from construction products within Europe. In particular, it is unclear which products and/or materials will be subject to any part of the emerging regulatory regime. In the case of cement-containing products or

28、 materials such as concrete there is additional uncertainty because, with the exception of mixing water, all the constituents of concrete are construction products mandated in their own right under the Construction Products Directive (CPD). However, the constituents of concrete do not come into dire

29、ct contact with either soil, groundwater or surface water and this could be taken to infer that they should not be subject to any regulatory provisions except that some (i.e. those not already standardised under national standards or European Technical Specifications) are subject to assessment withi

30、n some Member States existing environmental regulations. Furthermore, some types of concrete, for example fresh wet concretes, have not been mandated as construction products under the CPD and therefore might be considered to be outside any European regulatory regime based upon it. The complicating

31、factor for these materials, though, is that they are subject to some EU Member States existing regulations and may, in consequence, need to be assessed under a European regulatory regime. It is also unclear whether the assessment and classification framework under development for use in the European

32、 regulatory regime will eventually be adopted. Currently, however, there are indications that the framework will include three distinct elements: CEN/TR 15678:20085 a deemed to satisfy classification scheme for assessing some products on the basis of existing, generally accepted knowledge, currently

33、 known as without testing (WT); a classification scheme known as without further testing (WFT) but based on initial testing using agreed European test methods may also form part of the regime; and for use in those cases where the above classifications are either inapplicable or where products cannot

34、 achieve either classification because they can emit or release substances in amounts in excess of the classification criteria, there would be a need to carry out further testing (FT) in the form of routine or conformity testing, again using agreed European test methods called up from appropriate pr

35、ovisions placed in harmonised European Technical Specifications (e.g. harmonised European product standards and European Technical Approvals). However, it is clear that the eventual European regulatory regime will neither establish nor include any pan-European assessment criteria for assessing emiss

36、ion or release under conditions of further testing (FT). Assessment under FT conditions will be a matter of comparing results obtained using European test methods with the appropriate, and possibly appropriately modified, limiting criteria in EU Member States existing national regulations. Given the

37、 regulatory uncertainties outlined above, this CEN TR has taken the position that its scope must initially include: all types of concrete pre-hardened/precast, fresh wet (ready-mixed and site-mixed) and pre-packaged); and all the constituents of concrete, with the exception of mixing water; so as to

38、 cover the eventuality that any of these, whether mandated construction products or not, may need to be assessed for the purposes of conformity with Essential Requirement 3 of the Construction Products Directive because any can come into either direct or indirect (constituents of concrete) contact w

39、ith soil, groundwater or surface water. However, those products that have been mandated as construction products in their own right under the CPD are dealt with in normative provisions in this CEN TR whereas those that have not been mandated are dealt with in informative provisions. Overall scope of

40、 products and test methods This CEN TR describes three distinct test methods but all use the same extraction procedure. The first will permit the constituents (e.g. cement, additions, aggregates, admixtures, fibres etc) of concrete that have not been officially classified as WT products (i.e. withou

41、t testing to a European standard test method being required) to be assessed against any European or national requirements for release of (regulated) dangerous substances from hardened test pieces of concrete into soil, groundwater or surface water. The second method, in normative Annex A, is designe

42、d to permit factory made pre-hardened concretes, or test pieces representative of factory made concretes, which have not been officially classified as WT products, to be assessed against any European or national requirements for release of (regulated) dangerous substances into soil, groundwater or s

43、urface water. The third method, in informative Annex B, is designed to permit concretes sampled in the fresh wet state or pre-packaged (and also not officially classified as WT products) to be assessed in the hardened state, against any European or national requirements for release of (regulated) da

44、ngerous substances into soil, groundwater or surface water. Construction products, whether constituents of concrete or concrete itself, that have been officially classified as WT products by way of authorised procedures will not require to be tested by the methods described herein. In consequence, t

45、he overall scope is directed to the testing of new or previously unapproved constituents of concretes, or to production concretes where a requirement to test the end-use product has arisen. CEN/TR 15678:20086 Constituents - general description of the method of test The first method describes how to

46、determine the release of (regulated) dangerous substances from a new/unapproved constituent of concrete. The method is comparative in that results obtained from a laboratory prepared reference concrete which does not include the constituent under test (control mix) are subtracted from the results ob

47、tained from a reference concrete that incorporates the test constituent by either substitution or addition (test mix). A new/unapproved constituent for use in concrete can be incorporated into a reference concrete in three different ways, either by: substitution (partial or full) for a reference con

48、stituent of the same type and which reference constituent has either been classified as WT or has otherwise demonstrated its fitness for intended use, as in the case of: factory-made cements, aggregates, type I additions; substitution (partial) for a reference constituent of a different type and whi

49、ch reference constituent has either been classified as WT or has otherwise demonstrated its fitness for intended use, as in the case of: type I or type II additions; or by addition to the reference concrete, as in the case of: admixtures, polymer modifiers and fibres. As a principle, the method seeks to isolate, as far as is practicable, the contribution to the release of substances from the unapproved constituent i.e. the constituent under