ASTM D1618-17 Standard Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables—Transmittance of Toluene Extract.pdf

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1、Designation: D1618 17Standard Test Method forCarbon Black ExtractablesTransmittance of TolueneExtract1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1618; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis

2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the degreeof toluene discoloration by carbon black extractables and isuseful in contr

3、olling the reaction processes for production ofcarbon black. This test method may not be applicable to carbonblacks with high extractables.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to

4、 address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was d

5、eveloped in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced

6、Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1799 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling PackagedShipmentsD1900 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling Bulk Ship-mentsD4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon Black ManufacturingIndustries3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 carb

7、on black toluene discoloration, n thetransmittance, at 425 nm, of the filtrate obtained from thetoluene extract of carbon black, compared to that of puretoluene.4. Significance and Use4.1 The toluene discoloration value provides an estimate oftoluene-soluble discoloring residues present on the carbo

8、nblack.5. Apparatus and Reagent5.1 Spectrophotometer, with tungsten filament lamp, 20-nmmaximum spectral bandpass, capable of measuring percenttransmittance at a 425-nm wavelength. The instrument is to beoperated in accordance with the manufacturers directions foroptimum performance.5.2 Cuvets, rect

9、angular, with an optical light path of 10 mm.5.3 Balance, analytical, with a sensitivity of 60.01 g.5.4 Oven, gravity-convection type, capable temperatureregulation within 61C at 125C and temperature uniformitywithin 65C.5.5 Pipet, automatic, bottle-type, 20 cm3, with a repeatabil-ity of 60.1.5.6 Er

10、lenmeyer Flasks, 125 cm3with ground-glass stopper.5.7 Filter Paper, qualitative grade, medium retention,medium-fast filter speed, 150-mm diameter.5.8 Glass Filtering Funnels, 75-mm inside diameter at thetop.5.9 Beakers, 50 or 100 cm3, with pouring lips.5.10 Wiping Paper, lint-free.5.11 Cotton Swabs.

11、5.12 Fume Hood, fully enclosed on three sides, with spark-proof fan and motor.5.13 Toluene, analytical reagent grade.6. Sampling6.1 Samples shall be taken in accordance with PracticeD1799 or Practice D1900.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on CarbonBlack and is the di

12、rect responsibility of Subcommittee D24.31 on Non-CarbonBlack Components of Carbon Black.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2017. Published August 2017. Originallyapproved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D1618 99 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/D1618-17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the

13、 ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Un

14、ited StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barrie

15、rs to Trade (TBT) Committee.17. Standardization of Apparatus7.1 Turn on the spectrophotometer and allow it to warm forthe length of time specified by the manufacturer.7.2 Check the zero reading of the spectrophotometer inaccordance with the manufacturers instructions, and adjust ifnecessary.7.3 Plac

16、e the funnel with the filter paper into an Erlenmeyerflask. Filter approximately 30 cm3of toluene into the flask andstopper the flask.7.4 Pour a portion of the toluene into the beaker with thepouring lip for simplifying the transfer of the toluene to thecuvet.7.5 Rinse the cuvet with the filtered to

17、luene three times,filling approximately one third full each time. Discard thisrinsing toluene into an approved safety container.NOTE 1The cuvet must be handled on the ground-glass sides only. Donot touch the smooth, clear sides with the fingers.7.6 Fill the cuvet and wipe the outside surfaces with t

18、helint-free wiping paper while holding the cuvet in front of asuitable light source. The toluene must be free of anycontaminants, such as lint particles, which might cause lightscattering, thus influencing the test results. If necessary, rewipethe outside until perfectly clean, or clean the inside s

19、urfaceswith a cotton swab. Repeat 7.5 if the inside surfaces arecleaned.7.7 . Insert the cuvet into the spectrophotometer and adjustit to read 100 % transmittance at the 425-nm wavelength.8. Procedure8.1 Dry an adequate sample of carbon black at 125 6 1Cfor 60, +5, 0 min, using a gravity-convection

20、oven.NOTE 2An infrared lamp must not be used for drying samples, as itwill vaporize some of the extractable materials.8.2 Allow the sample to cool to room temperature in adesiccator.8.3 Weigh 2.00 6 0.01 g of the carbon black and transfer itto a 125-cm3Erlenmeyer flask with ground-glass stopper.8.4

21、Add 20 cm3of toluene to the sample flask and stopperthe flask.NOTE 3If necessary, larger quantities of carbon black and toluene maybe used, but the quantities must remain in this ratio of 1 g/10 cm3oftoluene.8.5 Without delay, shake the mixture vigorously either byhand or machine for 60, +5, 0 s.8.6

22、 Immediately pour as much of the mixture as possibleinto the glass funnel with filter paper, which has previouslybeen prepared and inserted into an Erlenmeyer flask.8.7 The filtrate must be free of visible carbon blackparticles, otherwise the sample preparation shall be repeated(8.3). If the problem

23、 persists, use filter paper with smaller poresize for this particular sample.8.8 As soon as filtration is complete, stopper the flask untilready to test.8.9 Check standardization of the spectrophotometer at 425nm in accordance with Section 7.8.10 Pour a portion of filtrate out of the stoppered flask

24、 intoa beaker with a pouring lip.8.11 Using a cuvet matched to the one in 7.5, or the samecuvet as used in 7.5, rinse and fill the cuvet in the same manneras in 7.5 and 7.6.8.12 Insert the cuvet into the spectrophotometer and recordthe percent transmittance obtained at 425 nm to the nearest0.1 %.9.

25、Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Proper identification of the sample, and9.1.2 Toluene discoloration value reported to the nearest0.1 % transmittance.10. Precision and Bias10.1 These precision statements have been prepared inaccordance with Practice D4483. Refer to this practice fort

26、erminology and other statistical details.10.2 The precision results in this precision and bias sectiongive an estimate of the precision of this test method with thematerials used in the particular interlaboratory program de-scribed below. The precision parameters should not be used foracceptance or

27、rejection testing of any group of materialswithout documentation that they are applicable to those par-ticular materials and the specific testing protocols of the testmethod. Any appropriate value may be used from Table 1.10.3 A type 1 inter-laboratory precision program was con-ducted as detailed in

28、 Table 2. Both repeatability and reproduc-ibility represent short-term (daily) testing conditions. Thetesting was performed using two operators in each laboratoryperforming the test once on each of two days (total of fourtests). A test result is the value obtained from a singledetermination. Accepta

29、ble difference values were not mea-sured. The between-operator component of variation is in-cluded in the calculated values for r and R.10.4 The results of the precision calculations for this test aregiven in Table 1. The materials are arranged in ascending“mean level” order.10.5 RepeatabilityThe po

30、oled relative repeatability, (r), ofthis test has been established as 1.60 %. Any other value inTable 1 may be used as an estimate of repeatability, asappropriate. The difference between two single test results (orTABLE 1 Precision Parameters for D1618 Extractables-TolueneDiscoloration, (Type 1 Prec

31、ision)Units 105m3/kg (cm3/100 g)Material Mean Level Sr (r) SR (R)N550 96.91 0.68 1.93 1.87 5.28N650 97.41 0.65 1.83 1.34 3.79SRB N762 98.01 0.65 1.84 1.23 3.49SRB A5 (N135) 98.99 0.39 1.09 0.64 1.81IRB#6 (N330) 98.99 0.38 1.08 0.81 2.30Average 98.06Pooled Values 0.56 1.60 1.25 3.55D1618 172determina

32、tions) found on identical test material under therepeatability conditions prescribed for this test will exceed therepeatability on an average of not more than once in 20 casesin the normal and correct operation of the method. Two singletest results that differ by more than the appropriate value from

33、Table 1 must be suspected of being from different populationsand some appropriate action taken.NOTE 4Appropriate action may be an investigation of the test methodprocedure or apparatus for faulty operation or the declaration of asignificant difference in the two materials, samples, etc., which gener

34、atedthe two test results.10.6 ReproducibilityThe pooled relative reproducibility,(R), of this test has been established as 3.55 %.Any other valuein Table 1 may be used as an estimate of reproducibility, asappropriate. The difference between two single and indepen-dent test results found by two opera

35、tors working under theprescribed reproducibility conditions in different laboratorieson identical test material will exceed the reproducibility on anaverage of not more than once in 20 cases in the normal andcorrect operation of the method. Two single test resultsproduced in different laboratories t

36、hat differ by more than theappropriate value from Table 1 must be suspected of beingfrom different populations and some appropriate investigativeor technical/commercial action taken.10.7 BiasIn test method terminology, bias is the differencebetween an average test value and the reference (true) test

37、property value. Reference values do not exist for this testmethod since the value or level of the test property isexclusively defined by the test method. Bias, therefore, cannotbe determined.11. Keywords11.1 carbon black; extractables; toluene discolorationASTM International takes no position respec

38、ting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This sta

39、ndard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Internati

40、onal Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below

41、.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (f

42、ax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 2 Interlaboratory Precision ProgramNominal Test Period Material Number of LaboratoriesMarch 1996 N650 48October 1996 IRB#6 (N330) 40March 1997 SRB N762 44September 1997 SRB A5 (N135) 39March 1998 N550 45D1618 173