ASTM D1265-11(2017)e1 Standard Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases, Manual Method.pdf

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1、Designation: D1265 11 (Reapproved 2017)1Standard Practice forSampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases, Manual Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1265; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year

2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTESI units formatting was corrected editorially in July 2017.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers equipment and procedures foro

3、btaining a representative sample of specification LiquefiedPetroleum Gas (LPG), such as specified in SpecificationD1835, GPA 2140, and comparable international standards.1.2 This practice is suitable for obtaining representativesamples for all routine tests for LP gases required by Specifi-cation D1

4、835. In the event of a dispute involving sampleintegrity when sampling for testing against SpecificationD1835 requirements, Practice D3700 shall be used as thereferee sampling procedure.1.3 This practice may also be used for other Natural GasLiquid (NGL) products that are normally single phase (NGLm

5、ix, field butane, etc.), defined in other industry specificationsor contractual agreements. It is not intended for non-specification products that contain significant quantities ofundissolved gases (N2,CO2), free water or other separatedphases, such as raw or unprocessed gas/liquids mixtures andrela

6、ted materials. The same equipment can be used for thesepurposes, but additional precautions are generally needed toobtain representative samples of multiphase products (seeAppendix X1 on Sampling Guidelines in Practice D3700).NOTE 1Practice D3700 describes a recommended practice for obtain-ing a rep

7、resentative sample of a light hydrocarbon fluid and the subse-quent preparation of that sample for laboratory analysis when dissolvedgases are present. Use of Practice D1265 will result in a small butpredictable low bias for dissolved gases due to the liquid ventingprocedure to establish the 20 % mi

8、nimum ullage.1.4 This practice includes recommendations for the locationof a sample point in a line or vessel. It is the responsibility ofthe user to ensure that the sampling point is located so as toobtain a representative sample.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.1.5.1

9、 ExceptionNon-SI units are shown in parentheses forinformation only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the a

10、pplica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued

11、 by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1835 Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) GasesD3700 Practice for Obtaining LPG Samples Using a Float-ing Piston Cylinder2.2 Other Regulations:Canadian Transportation of Dang

12、erous Goods Regulations3GPA 2140 Gas Processors Association Liquefied PetroleumGas Specifications & Test Methods4IATA Transportation of Dangerous Goods by Air5U.S. CFR 49 Transportation63. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 high pressure sample cylinder, na container used forstorage and transportation

13、 of a sample obtained at pressuresabove atmospheric pressure.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on PetroleumProducts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-mittee D02.H0 on Liquefied Petroleum Gas.Current edition approved May 1, 2017. Pub

14、lished July 2017. Originally approvedin 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D1265 11. DOI: 10.1520/D1265-11R17E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,

15、 refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from the Canadian General Standards Board, Sales Centre, Gatineau,Canada K1A 1G6, http:/www.ongc-cgsb.gc.ca/.4Available from Gas Processors Association (GPA), 6526 E. 60th St., Tulsa, OK74145, http:/www.gpaglobal.org.5Availa

16、ble from IATA Customer Care, 800 Place Victoria, PO Box 113,Montral, Quebec H4Z 1M1. www.iata.org.6Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr

17、Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommen

18、dations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1Mon Apr 30 51 3.1.2 maximum fill density (reduced fill density), nthevolume of a container occupied by the sample.3.1.2.1 DiscussionMaximum fill density is usually ex-pressed as a percentage of the total capa

19、city.4. Summary of Practice4.1 A liquid sample of LPG is transferred from the sourceinto a sample container by purging the container and filling itwith liquid, then providing a minimum 20 % outage by ventingliquid, so that 80 % or less of the liquid volume remains.5. Significance and Use5.1 Samples

20、of liquefied petroleum gases are examined byvarious test methods to determine physical and chemicalcharacteristics and conformance with specifications.5.2 Equipment described by this practice may be suitablefor transportation of LPG samples, subject to applicabletransportation regulations.6. General

21、 Information6.1 Considerable effort is required to obtain a representativesample, especially if the material being sampled is a mixture ofliquefied petroleum gases. Consider the following factors:6.1.1 Obtain samples of the liquid phase only.6.1.2 When it is definitely known that the material beings

22、ampled is composed predominantly of only one liquefiedpetroleum gas, a liquid sample may be taken from any part ofthe vessel.6.1.3 When the material being sampled has been mixed orcirculated until it is homogeneous, a liquid sample may betaken from any part of the vessel.6.1.4 Because of wide variat

23、ion in the construction detailsof containers for liquefied petroleum gases, it is difficult tospecify a uniform method for obtaining representative samplesof heterogeneous mixtures. If it is not practicable to homog-enize a mixture to ensure uniformity, obtain liquid samples bya procedure which has

24、been agreed upon by the contractingparties.6.1.5 Directions for sampling cannot be made explicitenough to cover all cases. They must be supplemented byjudgment, skill and sampling experience. Extreme care andgood judgment are necessary to ensure samples which repre-sent the general character and ave

25、rage condition of the mate-rial. Because of the hazards involved, liquefied petroleumgases should be sampled by, or under the supervision of,persons familiar with the necessary safety precautions.NOTE 2Samples to be tested for presence of corrosive compounds orsulfur compounds should be taken in ine

26、rt containers equipped withstainless steel valves; otherwise, determinations of mercaptans and hydro-gen sulfide, for example, can be misleading. Internal surfaces of samplecontainers and associated lines and fittings may be surface coated toreduce bare metal surfaces reacting with trace reactive co

27、mponents.6.1.6 Control hydrocarbon vapors vented during samplingto ensure compliance with applicable safety and environmentalregulations.7. Apparatus7.1 High Pressure Sample CylinderUse corrosion resis-tant metal sample containers certified by the authority havingjurisdiction for pressure vessels wi

28、th adequate pressure ratingfor the product being sampled. Suitable materials includestainless steel, Monel, and possibly other materials. Protectiveinternal coatings or surface treatments to render the internalsurface inert are acceptable. The size of the container dependsupon the amount of sample r

29、equired for the laboratory tests tobe made. If the container is to be transported, it shall alsoconform to specifications published in transportation legisla-tion such as U.S. CFR 49 or Canadian Transportation ofDangerous Goods Regulations, and their supplements,reissues, or similar regulations in o

30、ther jurisdictions.NOTE 3It has been common practice to refer to LPG samplecontainers as “sample bombs.” Use of this term is discouraged because ofobvious misunderstanding by many people. Alternate names such as“pressurized sample container” or “high pressure sample cylinder” arerecommended.NOTE 4DO

31、T 3E cylinders are exempt from requalification in somejurisdictions. Other cylinders may need to be requalified according to localregulations.7.1.1 The sample container should be fitted with an internaloutage (ullage) tube to permit release of a minimum 20 % ofthe container capacity as a liquid. The

32、 end of the containerfitted with the outage (ullage) tube shall be clearly marked.Typical sample containers are shown in Figs. 1 and 2.7.1.2 Sample containers without an internal outage (ullage)tubes are acceptable. Alternative purging and venting proce-dures to obtain a minimum 20 % ullage in the c

33、ontainer, asdescribed in 11.2.1, are required.7.1.3 Verify the high pressure sample cylinder and associ-ated valving for gas tightness by leak testing at a minimum of3450 kPa (500 psig) with inert gas prior to first use, wheneverpressure-containing components of the assembly are replaced,or otherwis

34、e on an annual basis.7.2 Sample Transfer Line made of stainless steel tubing orother flexible metal hose, impervious to the product beingsampled, is required. The most satisfactory line is one equippedwith two valves on the sample-container end, Fig. 1,asampling valve, A, and a vent valve, B.PROCEDU

35、RE8. Purging Sample Transfer Line8.1 Connect the ends of the sample transfer line securely tothe product source and to Valve C (inlet) (Fig. 1)ofthecontainer. Close Valve A (sampling), Valve B (vent), and ValveC (inlet). Open the valve at the product source and purge thetransfer line by opening Valv

36、e A (sampling) and Valve B (vent).9. Purging the Sample Container9.1 If the history of the sample container contents is notknown, or if traces of the previous product could affect theanalysis to be carried out, or both, use one of the following twopurge procedures:9.1.1 Ensure that Valve C (Fig. 2)

37、and Valve D on the highpressure sample cylinder are closed. Connect a sample transferline (with closed Valves A and B) to the cylinder at Valve D andto the sample source. Maintain the cylinder in an uprightposition such that Valve C is at the top.D1265 11 (2017)12Mon Apr 30 51 9.1.2 Fill sample cont

38、ainer by opening Valve A followed byValve C and Valve D until liquid issues from Valve C. At thattime, close Valve C, followed by Valve D and Valve A on thesample transfer line. Vent the sample transfer line by brieflyopening Valve B.9.1.3 Loosen the connection joining the sample container tothe sam

39、ple line and turn container through 180 such that ValveD is at the top. Open Valves C and D and drain out liquid.9.1.4 Return the sample container to position Valve C at thetop. Tighten connection to sample transfer line and repeat thepurging operation at least three times.9.2 In a flowing system or

40、 a suitable sample loop, thesample cylinder may be flushed online by connecting thedip-tube end of the cylinder to the higher pressure point, andthe other end back to the lower pressure point. Keep thecylinder upright with the dip tube end down to maintain liquidfilled during flushing. Flush the cyl

41、inder with at least 10 timesthe cylinder volume in a time of less than 5 min to ensure asufficient flow velocity to obtain turbulent mixing and flushingof the ullage volume area by using the dip tube as a venturimixer. The sample line shall be equipped with a suitable flowindicator to ensure an adeq

42、uate flow rate throughout theflushing period.9.2.1 This procedure is particularly applicable in areaswhere excessive venting of LPG to the atmosphere is notallowed.9.3 If the history of the sample container contents is knownand would not affect the analysis, use the following purgeprocedure:9.3.1 Wi

43、th the container in an upright position, Fig. 1, andits Valve D (outlet) at the top, close Valve B (vent) and ValveC (inlet) and open Valve A (sampling). Open Valve C (inlet)and partly fill the container with sample by slowly opening theValve D (outlet). Close the Valve A (sampling) and allow partof

44、 the sample to escape in the vapor phase through Valve D(outlet). Close Valve D (outlet) and release the remainder of thesample in the liquid phase by opening Valve B (vent). Repeatthe purging operation at least three times.10. Transfer of Sample10.1 Position the sample container securely in an upri

45、ghtposition with Valve D (outlet) at the top (Fig. 1) and bothValves C and D closed.10.1.1 Close Valve B (vent), open Valve A (sampling), openValve C (inlet), and fill container with the sample. Close ValveC (inlet) and the valve at the product source. Open Valve BFIG. 1 Typical Sample Container and

46、 Sampling ConnectionsD1265 11 (2017)13Mon Apr 30 51 (vent). After the pressure is fully reduced, disconnect samplecontainer from the transfer line. Discard the sample if a leakdevelops or if either valve is opened during subsequenthandling of the sample container before performing the outage(ullage)

47、 operations outlined in Section 11.11. Sample Outage (Ullage)11.1 Immediately after obtaining the sample, place thecontainer in an upright position with the outage (ullage) tube atthe top.11.1.1 Open Valve D (outlet) slightly.Allow excess liquid toescape and close the valve at the first sign of vapo

48、r, as indicatedby the first “sputtering” and change in flow behavior of thevented liquid. If no liquid escapes, discard the sample and refillthe container.11.1.1.1 The cylinder shall not be stored/transported beyond80 % of its capacity with sample. Liquid sample shall bevented out to the required “r

49、educed fill density” (typically80 % or less) prior to transport.NOTE 5Consult the authority having jurisdiction for LPG cylinderullage requirements for transport of LPG sample cylinders. Transportationlegislation such as U.S. CFR 49, Canadian Transportation of DangerousGoods Regulations, and IATA regulations limit the percent fill ofcontainers used for shipping LPG and may quote this requirement as areduced fill density or maximum fill density (normally 80 % maximumliquid fill at 15 C). A lower percent fill (lower fill density) may berequired if