2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语及答案解析.docx

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1、2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语第I卷(共103分)I. Listening Comprehension（略）II. G rammar and VocabularySectionADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form.of th

2、e given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mothers house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week,

3、 I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_(wonder) how my mum could consumethem so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found thatshe would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and h

4、ead out every morning at about nine.Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26) _happened truly amazed me. She was takingthe food to the refugee camp, in (27) _she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids werevery friendly with he

5、r and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit mewhy would she not want to tell me about what she (28) _ (do)? Was she worried abouthow I would react or that I would stop (29) _ (buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30) _she c

6、ould react, I gave hera big hug and told her she didnt need to keep it a secret (31) _me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, mymum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impres

7、sed by(32) _ selfless she was.25.解析：考查现在分词做状语。动词wonder与本句主语I构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词wondering在句中做状语。答案：Wondering26.解析：考查主语从句。本句中连接代词what引导主语从句what happened，并在句中做主语。句意：发生的事情真得让我很惊讶。答案：what27.解析：考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是the refugee camp，关系代词which指代先 行词在定语从句中作为介词in的宾语，in which相当于关系副词where。答案：which28.解析：考查时态。根据上下文可知本文介

8、绍的是我被派到妈妈家附近工作，这是过去发生的事情，而妈妈帮助难民是在我来这里工作之前就发生的事情，所以应该使用过去完成时表 示过去的过去发生的事情。答案：had done29.解析：考查动词短语。短语stop to do sth停下了做另外一件事情；stop doing sth停止做某事；句意：妈妈是担忧如果我发现了这件事情我的反应还是担忧我不再给她买食品杂货吗？根据句意可知使用stop doing sth.。答案：buying30.解析：考查连词。赖床before引导时间状语从句，在句中有多种翻译方法。本句意为“还没来得及.就.”。句意：她还没有来得及反应过来，我就紧紧地接着她并告诉她这件事

9、情不必对我保密。答案：Before31. 解析：考查动词短语。短语keep secrets to sb.对某人保密。句意：她还没有来得及反应过来，我就紧紧地接着她病告诉她这件事情不必对我保密。答案：to32.解析：考查宾语从句。本句中表语从句how selfless she was作为介词by的宾语，因为selfless是形容词，所以使用how来引导这个从句。用法和感叹句类似。答案：how (B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking ab

10、out it, Ihave found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed. In recent years, stress(33)_(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems,from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too muchstress(34) _does you harm. It is time

11、 you considered that if there were no stress in yourlife, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level ofperformance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , f

12、urther stress willonly lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the topand on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36) _number of questions. Do you, forinstance, feel that too much is being expected of (37) _, and yet find it impossible to sayno? Do you

13、find yourself getting impatient or(38) _(annoy) with people over unimportantthings?. If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39) _ (control ) yourstress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. D

14、octors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40,moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice aslikely (40) _(get )ill.33.解析：has been regarded考查时态语态。本句的时间状语是in recent years最近几年以

15、来，该 时间状语通常和现在完成时连用，且句子主语stress与动词regard构成被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态形式has been regarded。答案：has been regarded34.解析：考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为It is/was被强调成分that/who其它成分；其最大的特点就是去掉it is/wasthat/who句子仍然成立。要注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以为的所有的句子成分。本句强调的是句子主语only too much stress。答案：that35.解析：better考查固定句式“The+比较级.，the+比较级”意为“越.就越.”。本句句意：你

16、承受的压力越大，你的表现就会越好。所以本空使用good的比较级形式better。答案：better36. 解析：考查固定短语。短语a number of许多，大量；该形容词短语通常做定语修饰可数名词复数形式，本句中使用a number of修饰可数名词复数形式questions。答案：a37.解析：考查上下文串联。句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了？本句的主语是you，所以仍然使用宾格you作为介词of的宾语。答案：you38.解析：考查形容词。形容词annoyed恼怒的，该词是由过去分词转换而来的形容词，通常修饰人。本句中该词和impatient构成并列关系一起和系动词get构成系表结

17、构。答案：annoyed39.解析：考查固定搭配。动词短语had better do sth最好做某事；“had better”是情态动词，后面 要接动词原形。答案：control40.解析：考查形容词短语。短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；句意：如果你生活中的压力超过150，你就非常有可能生病了。答案：to getSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there

18、is one word more than you need.A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. directG. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeeze Golden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41the essentials of good

19、design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand theideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer

20、 is to createsolutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicityis done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 withdecoration and color agai

21、n. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen inkitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a products function,purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the productd

22、oes what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructedfrom materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It alsoneeds to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is assoc

23、iated with the German designer HartmutEsslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our naturesight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday productssuch as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily

24、50 thetoothpaste onto our brush.41.解析：动词capture获得；捕获；本句中该词构成的不定式短语“to capture.”作为动词try的宾语。句意：多年以来，设计师和艺术家一直都在努力搞清楚好的设计的本质。答案：D42.解析：名词decorations装饰，该词在句中作为动词avoid的宾语。本段的主题是“Less is more”倡导装修设计的简单化。句意：设计应该避免不必要的装饰物。答案：E43.解析：形容词soulless没有灵魂的；该词在本句中做定语修饰名词design。根据前半句“The American-born architect Rober

25、t Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly.”可知美国建筑家Robert Venturi总结过，如果简约没有做好，那么这样的设计就是没有灵魂的。答案：J44.解析：动词短语experiment with试用，用.做实验；句意：后现代主义设计师们再一次开始试验装饰和颜色。答案：G45.解析：名词appliance电器，电器工具；该词可由后面列举的例子“ovens and kettles烤箱和水壶”推理，指厨房电器等物品。答案：C46.解析：形容词intended预期的；本句中该词和系动词is构成系表结构。句意：对用户来说 最重要的是产

26、品达到了预期的效果。答案：H47.解析：形容词adjustable可调节的。本句中该词作为定语修饰名词desk lamp，意为“可调节的台灯”，与后句中“regular adjustments by the user”形成呼应。 答案：B48.解析：动词direct对准，指挥。本句中该词与名词light构成动宾短语。句意：最重要的是，它需要对准需要光线的地方。答案：F49.解析：动词短语take.into account考虑.；把.考虑在内。句意：他认为设计必须要把自然的知觉考虑在内，如：视觉、嗅觉、触觉和味觉。答案：A50.解析：动词squeeze挤压；在本句中该词和名词the toothp

27、aste构成动宾关系。句意：我们很喜欢一个看起来很酷的装置，能让我们很容易地把牙膏挤到我们的牙刷上。答案：K III. Reading ComprehensionSectionADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one

28、of the key thinkers in the art of management,developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potentialto find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence

29、to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X.They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to workeffectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course,makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different

30、 ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly inAsia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-makingallmembers of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This ismanagement by the collective opinion. Many western companies have t

31、ried to imitate such Asianways of doing things, which are based on general 57 Some experts say that women willbecome more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals ina way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use th

32、eir own initiative, to make decisionson their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trendtowards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering inthis way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line man

33、agersand employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new formsof management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profita

34、ble under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail andthe Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of theteam members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the

35、amount of time they spend on them.51.A. desireB. seekC. loseD. dislike解析：考查上下文串联。根据后半句“.will do anything to avoid it”可知很多人为了避免工作而愿意做任何事情，说明那些人大多数人生性都是懒惰的，都不愿意工作，他们尽可能地逃避工作。故D项正确。答案：52.A. contraryB. expectation C. degreeD. extreme解析：考查上下文串联。短语to the contrary相反的；to the degree在某种程度上；to the extreme走向极端；

36、在文章第一段中提到了X理论，大多数人都缺乏进取心和责任心，不愿对人和事负责，没有什么雄心壮志，不喜欢负责任，宁可被领导。而Y理论认为大多数人愿意对工作、对他人负责，人们愿意实行自我管理和自我控制来完成应当完成的目标。这是两种完全相反的理论，尽管对于这两种完全相反的理论有很多的证据，很多管理人仍然同意X理论。故A正确。答案：53.A. vice versaB. for exampleC. however D. otherwise解析：考查上下文串联。本句中for example表示举例说明；这些管理人仍然同意X理论，例如他们认为如果要员工效率高，就需要给与他们不断的监督。这属于X理论的举例说明。

37、故B正确。答案：54.A. outsideB. insideC. belowD. above解析：考查上下文串联。根据后句“.makes for authoritarian managers.”可知这属于专制的管理方法，他们的决定是来自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。故D项“above上面的”正确。答案： 55.A. replacingB. assessingC. managingD. encouraging 解析：考查上下文串联。根据前段可知本文讨论的管理学的理论，使用本句使用动词“manage管理”，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。而且和下文中亚洲、西方的管理方法形成呼应。故C正确。答案；

38、56.A. referB. contributeC. objectD. apply解析：考查动词短语辨析。短语refer to提到，谈到；contribute to做贡献；导致；object to反对；apply to适用于；亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求对管理的过程做出自己的贡献。故B正确。答案： 57.A. agreementB. practiceC. electionD. impression解析：考查上下文串联。名词agreement同意；practice练习，做法；election选举；impression印象；亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法，这种方法是建立在共同的协议基

39、础之上的，西方人也想学习这样的管理方法。故A正确。答案：58.A. bossyB. experiencedC. western D. male解析：考查上下文串联。根据前半句“.women will become more effective managers thanmen.”可知有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效。因为女性更有亲和力，比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故D正确。答案：59.A. askingB. trainingC. warningD. firing解析：考查上下文串联。根据前句“. encourage employees to use their own initia

40、tive.鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神”，也就是说在做出决定的时候不要请示上级经理，自己做出决定即可。故A项正确。 答案：60.A. doublingB. maintainingC. reducing D. estimating解析：考查上下文串联。根据前句“the trend towards downsizing缩小规模的趋势”，也就是要减少管理层的数量，可以直接做出决定而不需要请示上级。故动词“reduce减少”符合上下文串联。答案：61.A. honoredB. leftC. crowdedD. compared解析：考查短语辨析。动词be honored with被授予；be left

41、with留下，剩下；be crowded with挤满；be compared with与.相比；通过这种方法，公司只剩下高层管理者和前线的与公众直接联系的一线管理人。省略了很多中央环节，提高了管理的效益。故B正确。 答案：B62.A. economicallyB. traditionallyC. inadequatelyD. occasionally解析：考查副词辨析。副词economically经济地；traditionally传统地；inadequately不充分地；occasionally偶尔地；根据后句“Empowerment and delegation mean new form

42、s ofmanagement.”可知授权管理是一个新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故B正确。答案：B63.A. denyB. admit C. assumeD. ensure解析：考查动词辨析。动词deny否认；admit承认；assume假定，设想；ensure保证，确保；授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D正确。答案：D64.A. virtualB. ineffectiveC. day-to-dayD. on-the-scene解析：考查上下文串联。形容词virtual虚拟的；ineffective低效的；day-to-day日

43、常的；on-the-scene现场的。根据后句”where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses.”可知在这种新型的管理方法中，人们都是通过邮件和网络联系，说明这种新型通过虚拟网络进行的管理方法，故A正确。答案：A65.A. opinion B. riskC. performanceD. attractiveness解析：考查名词辨析。名词opinion观点；risk冒险；performance表现；attractiveness能力；根据后半句中”in t

44、erms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time theyspend on them.”可知我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品而不是工作的时间，故C正确。答案：CSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA,

45、B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A) One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book calledBest Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that thewor

46、d “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “Theres one I really like and youll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“Patty Poem,” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered where the

47、y lay,散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise,稳重Ill miss her harum-scarumnoise,莽撞的And look in vainfor scattered toys.徒劳地And Ill be sad.Aterrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“Its you, hon

48、ey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parents affection when her child grows up and leaves. Tome, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“Whats wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I dont want to grow up

49、ever!”She smiled. “Honey, its okay. Youre not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, Ill stilllove you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that sillypoem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. Itall fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainlyunderstand its meaning, yet it was sti