职称英语理工类C级真题2009年及答案解析.doc

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1、职称英语理工类 C 级真题 2009 年及答案解析(总分：280.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、B第 1 部分：词汇选项/B(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.Id very much like to know what your aim in life is；（分数：1.00）A.thoughtB.ideaC.goalD.plan2.The policemen acted quickly because lives were Uat stake/U（分数：1.00）A.in dangerB.in diffcultyC.in despairD.out of control3.Practic

2、ally all animals communicate either through sounds or through soundless codes（分数：1.00）A.CertainlyB.ProbablyC.AlmostD.Absolutely4.Mary rarely speaks to Susan（分数：1.00）A.alowlyB.seldomC.weaklyD.constantly5.Im wotking with a Uguy/U from London（分数：1.00）A.teacherB.studentC.friendD.man6.Youd better put the

3、se documents in a USafe/U place（分数：1.00）A.darkB.secureC.guardedD.banned7.The courageous boy has been the subject of massive media coverage（分数：1.00）A.extensiveB.continuousC.instantD.quick8.The town is famous for its magnidicent buildings（分数：1.00）A.high-riseB.modernC.ancientD.splendid9.The great chang

4、e of the city Uastonished/U all the visitors（分数：1.00）A.surprisedB.scaredC.excitedD.moved10.Jack packed up all the things he had accumulated over the last ten years（分数：1.00）A.futureB.farC.pastD.near11.Would you please call my husband aS soon as possible?（分数：1.00）A.visitB.phoneC.consultD.invite12.We h

5、ad a long conversation about her parents（分数：1.00）A.speechB.questionC.talkD.debate13.The chairman proposed that we stop the meeting（分数：1.00）A.statedB.announcedC.demandedD.suggested14.Obviously these people can be relied on in a crisis（分数：1.00）A.lived OnB.dependedOnC.believedinD.joinedin15.There is al

6、ways excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a record（分数：1.00）A.beatsB.maintainsC.matchesD.tries二、B第 2 部分：阅读判断/B(总题数：1，分数：7.00)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。BRadiocarbon Dating/BNowadays scientists can answer many questions

7、 about the past through a technique called radiocarbon (放射性碳),or carbon-14,dating. One key to understanding how and why something happened is to discover when it happened.Radiocarbon dating was developed in the late 1940s by physicist Willard F. Libby at the University of Chicago. An atom of ordinar

8、y carbon, called carbon-12, has six protons (质子)and six neutrons (中子)in its nucleus(原子核). Carbon-14,or C-14,is a radioactive,unstable form of carbon that has two extra neutrons. It returns to a more stable form of carbon through a process called decay(衰减). This process involves the loss of the extra

9、 neutrons and energy from the nucleus.In Libbys radiocarbon dating technique, the weak radioactive emissions (放射)from this decay orocess are counted by instruments such as a radiation detector and counter. The decay rate is used to determine the proportion of C-14 atoms in the sample being dated.Car

10、bon-14 is produced in the Earths atmosphere when nitrogen(氮)-14,or N-14, interacts with cosmic rays(宇宙射线). Scientists believe since the Earth was formed, the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere has remained constant. Consequently,C-14 formation is thought to occur at a constant rate. Now the ratio

11、of C-14 to other carbon atoms in the atmosphere is known. Most scientists agree that this ratio is useful for dating items back to at least 50,000 years.All life on Earth is made of organic molecules(分子)that contain carbon atoms coming from the atmosphere. So all living things have about the same ra

12、tio of C-14 atoms to other carbon atoms in their tissues(组织). Once an organism(有机体)dies it stops taking in carbon in any form, and the C-14 already present begins to decay. Over time the amount of C-14 in the material decreases, and the ratio of C-14 to other carbon atoms goes down. In terms of radi

13、ocarbon dating,the fewer C-14 atoms in a sample,the older that sample is.（分数：7.00）(1).Nowadays many scientists depend on radiocarbon for dating age-old objects.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(2).The radiocarbon dating technique is only about 40 years old.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not menti

14、oned(3).An atom of ordinary carbon has six protons and eight neutrons.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(4).Radar is used to determine the characteristics of radiocarbon.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(5).Radiocarbon is reliable in dating an object back to at least 50,000 years.（分数：1.

15、00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(6).When an organism dies,the C-14 in it begins to decay.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned(7).The half-life of C-14 is about 25,000 years.（分数：1.00）A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned三、B第 3 部分：概括大意与完成句子(总题数：2，分数：8.00)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 2326 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 14 段

16、每段选择 1 个最佳标题；(2)第 2730 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定 1 个最佳选项。BMeet Your Memory/B 1. Memory is something that cannot be seen, touched or weighed. It is thought to be abstract. It is a set of skills rather than an object. Neither is there a single standard for judging a good or poor memory. There are a number

17、 of different ways in which a person may have a good memory. 2. Memory is generally viewed as consisting of three stages: (1)acquisition refers to learning the material; (2)storage refers to keeping the material in the brain until it is needed;and(3)retrieval(提取)refers to getting the material back o

18、ut when it is needed. 3. Memory consists of at least two different processes:short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory has a limited capacity and a rapid forgetting rate. Its capacity can be increased by chunking(组成大块), or, grouping separate bits of information into larger chunks. Lo

19、ng-term memory has an almost unlimited capacity. 4 One measure of memory is recall, which requires you to produce information by searching the memory for it. In aided recall, you are given cues(提示)to help you produce the information. In free-recall learning you recall the material in any order;in se

20、rial learning you recall it in the order it was presented; and in paired-associate learning you learn pairs of words so that when the first word is given you can recal the second word. A second measure of memory is recognition, in which you do not have to produce the information from memory, but mus

21、t be able to identify it when it is presented to you. In a third measure of memory, relearning, the difference between how long it took to learn the material the first time and how long it takes to learn it again indicates how much you remember. Relearning is generally a more sensitive measure of me

22、mory than is recognition because relearning shows retention(保持)while recognition does not. Recognition is generally a more sensitive measure than recall. A. Why do we forget things? B. How do we measure memory? C. What are the stages memory consists of? D. What is the difference between short-term m

23、emory and long-term memory? E. What is memory?F. Who may have a poor memory?（分数：4.00）(1).Paragraph 1_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Paragraph 2_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).Paragraph 3_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 4_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.A. short-term memory B. relearning C. needed D. coded E. recognitio

24、n F. slow forgetting rate（分数：4.00）(1).Remembering involves getting the material back out when it is_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Grouping bits of information into larger chunks helps improve the capacity of our_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.(3).Long-term memory has an almost unlimited capacity and a_（分数：1.00）A.B

25、.C.D.E.F.(4).As a measure of memory,relearning is more sensitive than_（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.四、B第 4 部分：阅读理解/B(总题数：3，分数：225.00)请根据短文内容，为每题确定 1 个最佳选项。B第一篇/BBLight Night, Dark Stars/BThousands of people around the globe step outside to gaze at their night sky. On a clear night,with no clouds,moonlight,or

26、 artificial lights to block the view, people can see more than 14,000 stars in the sky, says Dennis Ward, an astronomer (天文学家) with the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research(UCAR) in Boulder,Colo. But when people are surrounded by city lights,he says,theyre lucky to see 150 stars.If youve

27、ever driven toward a big city at night and seen its glow from a great distance, youve witessed light pollution. It occurs when light from streetlights, office buildings, signs, and other sources streams into space and illuminates(照亮)the night sky. This haze(朦胧)of light makes many stars invisible to

28、people on Earth. Even at night,big cities like New York glow from light pollution,making stargzalng difficult.Dust and particles of pollution factories and industries worsen the effects of light pollution. “If one city has a lot more light pollution than another,“ Ward says,“that city will suffer th

29、e effects of light pollution on a much greater scale.“Hazy skies also make it far more difficult for astronomers to do their jobs.Cities are getting larger. Suburbs are growing in once dark, rural areas. Light from all this new development is increasingly obscuring(使变模糊)the faint(微弱的)light give off

30、by distant stars. And if scientists cant locate these objects,they cant learn more about them.Light pollution doesnt only affect star visibility. It can harm wild life too. Its clear that artificial light can attract animals, making them go off course. Theres increasing evidence, for example, that m

31、igrating (迁徙) birds use sunsets and sunrises to help find their way, says Sydney Gauthreaux Jr. , a scientist at Clemson University in South Carolina. “When light occurs at night,“he says,“it has a very disruptive(破坏性的) influence. Sometimes birds fly into lighted towers,high-rises,and cables from ra

32、dio and television towers. Experts estimate that millions of birds die this way every year.（分数：75.00）(1).On a clear night,people can see（分数：15.00）A.150 starsB.hundreds of starsC.one thousand starsD.more than 14,000 stars(2).Light pollution occurs when（分数：15.00）A.artificial lights illuminate the nigh

33、t skyB.the moon lights up the night skyC.too many stars are visible in the night skyD.streetlights are turned off(3).Nowadays even suburbs are becoming unsuitable for scientists to do their jobs because（分数：15.00）A.the night sky there is too darkB.the once dark areas are also polluted by lightsC.thes

34、e areas are not polluted by chemicalsD.these areas are less developed(4).How does light pollution affect wildlife?（分数：15.00）A.Animals may go off courseB.It helps migrating birds find their homesC.Animals are afraid to go out after sunsetD.It helps birds fall asleep(5).The title“Light Night,Dark Star

35、s“means（分数：15.00）A.the night sky is brightly lit up and stars are blackB.lights appear at night and stars are seen in the darkC.city lights at night illuminate stars in the skyD.city lights illuminate the night sky,making stars invisibleB第二篇/BBShopping at Second-hand Clothing Stores/BWhen 33-year-ol

36、d Pete Barth was in college,shopping at second-hand clothing stores was just something he did - “like changing the tires on his car. He looked at his budget and decided he could save a lot of money by shopping for clothes at thrift shops.“Even new clothes are fairly disposable(用后即丢掉的)and wear out af

37、ter a couple of years,“ Barth said. “In thrift shops,you can find some great stuff whose quality is better than new clothes.“Since then,Barth, who works at a Goodwill thrift shop in the US state of Florida, has found that there are all kinds of reasons for shopping for second-hand clothing. Some peo

38、ple, like him, shop to save money. Some shop for a crazy-looking shirt. And some shop as a means of conserving energy and helping the environment.Pat Akins,an accountant at a Florida Salvation Army(SA)(救世军)thrift shop, said that,for her, shopping at thrift shops is a way to help the environment.“Whe

39、n my daughter was little, we looked at it as recycling,“Akins said. “Also, why pay 30 dollars for a new coat when you can get another one for a lot less?“Akins said that the SA has shops all over the US - “some as big as department stores. “All of the clothes are donated(捐赠), and when they have a su

40、rplus(盈余), theyll have “stuff a bag specials, where customers can fill a grocery sack with clothes for only 5 or 10 dollars.Julia Sloeum, 22, points out, however, that the huge amount of second-hand clothing in the US is the result of American wastefulness.“Id say that second-hand stores are the res

41、ult of our wasteful,materialistic culture,said Slocum, who works for a pro-conservation organization,the Center for a New American Dream. “Thrift shops prevent that waste from going to landfills (垃圾填埋场);they give clothing a second life, provide cheaper clothing for those who cant afford to buy new o

42、nes and generate(生成)income for charities. They also provide a way for the wealthy and middle classes to shed 摆脱)some of the guilt for their level of consumption.“（分数：75.00）(1).Which statement about Barth is NOT true?（分数：15.00）A.He is 33 years old nowB.He works at a Goodwill thrift shopC.He works at

43、a Salvation Army thrift shopD.He was a college student many years ago(2).When Barth was a college student,he often shopped at thrift shops（分数：15.00）A.to save moneyB.to save energyC.to help the environmentD.to make friends with poor people(3).What does Akins do?（分数：15.00）A.She is a soldierB.She is an

44、 accountantC.She is a saleswomanD.She is a road sweeper(4).Thrift shops can do everything EXCEPT（分数：15.00）A.give clothing a second lifeB.generate income for charitiesC.provide cheaper clothes for the poorD.stop rich people from wasting money(5).The word “thrift“ in paragraph 1 could be best replaced

45、 by（分数：15.00）A.charityB.one dollarC.first classD.two dollarsB第三篇/BBWater/BThe second most important constituent(构成成份)of the biosphere(生物圈)is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0 and boils at 100. Life as we know it would only be possible

46、on the surface of a planet which had temperatures somewhere within this narrow range.The earths supply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity. The total quantity of water is not known very accurately,but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth of about two and

47、three-quarter kilometers. Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceans - about 97 percent. The rest is fresh,but three-quarters of this is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems until melted. Of the remaining fraction, which is somewhat le

48、ss than one percent of the whole,there is 1020 times as much stored underground water as there is actually on the surface. There is also a tiny, but extremely important fraction of the water supply which is present as waer vapour in the atmosphere.Water vapour in the atmosphere is the channel throug

49、h which the whole water circulation(循环)of the biosphere has to pass. Water evaporated(蒸发)from the surface of the oceans,from lakes and rivers and from moist(潮湿的)earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain or snow,falling on either the sea or the land. There is,as might be expected,a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the land, but