EN 12231-2003 en Surfaces for sports areas Method of test Determination of ground cover of natural turf《运动场表面的试验方法 天然草皮地面覆盖度的测定》.pdf

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1、BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 12231:2003 Surfaces for sports areas Method of test Determination of ground cover of natural turf The European Standard EN 12231:2003 has the status of a British Standard ICS 97.220.10 BS EN 12231:2003 This British Standard, was published under the authority of the Standards P

2、olicy and Strategy Committee on 15 August 2003 BSI 15 August 2003 ISBN 0 580 42467 7 National foreword This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12231:2003. EN 12231:2003 is one of a package of standards being produced by CEN/TC 217. On publication of the entire package, B

3、S 7044 will be withdrawn. The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PRI/57, Surfaces for sports areas, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request to its secretary. Cross-references The British S

4、tandards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Catalogue or of British Standards Online.

5、This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand the text; present to the responsible i

6、nternational/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK. Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, the

7、EN title page, pages 2 to 9 and a back cover. The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued. Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date CommentsEUROPEANSTANDARD NORMEEUROPENNE EUROPISCHENORM EN12231 April2003 ICS97.220.10 Englishversion Surfac

8、esforsportsareasMethodoftestDeterminationof groundcoverofnaturalturf SolssportifsMthodesdessaiDterminationdela couverturevgtaledungazonnaturel SportbdenPrfverfahrenBestimmungder BodendeckungbeiNaturrasen ThisEuropeanStandardwasapprovedbyCENon9January2003. CENmembersareboundtocomplywiththeCEN/CENELEC

9、InternalRegulationswhichstipulatetheconditionsforgivingthisEurope an Standardthestatusofanationalstandardwithoutanyalteration.Uptodatelistsandbibliographicalreferencesconcernings uchnational standardsmaybeobtainedonapplicationtotheManagementCentreortoanyCENmember. ThisEuropeanStandardexistsinthreeof

10、ficialversions(English,French,German).Aversioninanyotherlanguagemadebytra nslation undertheresponsibilityofaCENmemberintoitsownlanguageandnotifiedtotheManagementCentrehasthesamestatusasthe official versions. CENmembersarethenationalstandardsbodiesofAustria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland,Franc

11、e,Germany,Greece, Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxembourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal,Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandUn ited Kingdom. EUROPEANCOMMITTEEFORSTANDARDIZATION COMITEUROPENDENORMALISATION EUROPISCHESKOMITEEFRNORMUNG ManagementCentre:ruedeStassart,36B1050Brussels 2003CEN Allrigh

12、tsofexploitationinanyformandbyanymeansreserved worldwideforCENnationalMembers. Ref.No.EN12231:2003EEN12231:2003(E) 2 Contents page Foreword3 1 Scope 4 2 Normativereferences 4 3 Termsanddefinitions. .4 4 Principle4 5 Swardheight .4 6 MethodA:Visualassessmentofgroundcover. .5 6.1 Procedure .5 6.2 Expr

13、essionofresults . .5 7 MethodB:Assessmentofgroundcoverbyframequadrate 5 7.1 Apparatus .5 7.2 Procedure .6 7.3 Expressionofresults . .6 8 MethodC:Assessmentofgroundcoverbypointquadrate .6 8.1 Apparatus .6 8.2 Procedure .7 8.3 Expressionofresults . .7 9 Testreport . .8 Bibliography 9EN12231:2003(E) 3

14、Foreword Thisdocument(EN12231:2003)hasbeenpreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeCEN/TC217,“Surfacesforsports areas“,thesecretariatofwhichisheldbyBSI. ThisEuropeanStandardshallbegiventhestatusofanationalstandard,eitherbypublicationofanidenticaltextor byendorsement,atthelatestbyOctober2003,andconflictingnationa

15、lstandardsshallbewithdrawnatthelatest byOctober2003. AccordingtotheCEN/CENELECInternalRegulations,thenationalstandardsorganizationsofthefollowing countriesareboundtoimplementthisEuropeanStandard:Austria,Belgium,CzechRepublic,Denmark,Finland, France,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Italy,Luxemb

16、ourg,Malta,Netherlands,Norway,Portugal, Slovakia,Spain,Sweden,SwitzerlandandtheUnitedKingdom.EN12231:2003(E) 4 1Scope ThisEuropeanStandardspecifiesthreemethodsforthedeterminationofgroundcoverofnaturalturfsports surfaces. 2 Normativereferences ThisEuropeanStandardincorporatesbydatedorundatedreference

17、,provisionsfromotherpublications.These normativereferencesarecitedattheappropriateplacesinthetext,andthepublicationsarelistedhereafter.For datedreferences,subsequentamendmentstoorrevisionsofanyofthesepublicationsapplytothisEuropean Standardonlywhenincorporatedinitbyamendmentorrevision.Forundatedrefe

18、rencesthelatesteditionofthe publicationreferredtoapplies(includingamendments). EN12233, SurfacesforsportsareasDeterminationofswardheightofnaturalturf . 3 Termsanddefinitions ForthepurposesofthisEuropeanStandard,thefollowingtermanddefinitionapply. 3.1 groundcover proportionofgroundoccupiedbytheperpen

19、dicularprojectionoflivegrassmaterialaboveit 4Principle Threemethodsoftestaregiven.MethodAisavisual,subjectiveassessmentofgroundcoverusingnomeasuring device.MethodBusesasamplinggridtogiveamoresystematicassessmentofgroundcover.MethodCusesa pointquadrateforwhenobjectivedataarerequiredorwhereadetailedas

20、sessmentofspeciescompositionis needed. Inallthreemethods,anobserverassessestheproportionofgroundcover,including: a) livegrass,whichincludeshealthy(green)andsenescent(yellow)leaftissue,togetherwiththelivingstem material,whichcanbeavarietyofcoloursdependingonthegrassspecies; b)weeds; c)moss; d) deadma

21、tterandbareground. Theprocedurescanbeusedtomeasurethelivegrassgroundcoverand/orgroundcoverforindividualplant species. 5 Swardheight Ensurethattheswardheight,measuredinaccordancewithEN12233,iswithintherangeappropriateforthegiven sport. NOTE Theamountofcoverthatisrecordedisdependentontheheightofgrass.

22、EN12231:2003(E) 5 Iftheswardheightisgreaterthanthevalueappropriateforthegivensport,mowtheturfbeforeassessment.On longerturfandifthegrassbladesarelyinginaprocumbentpositionbecauseofmowingorrolling,brushthetest areatoachieveamoreusualuprightpositionforthegrassblades. Iftheswardheightislessthanthevalue

23、appropriateforthegivensport,donotproceedwiththedeterminationof groundcover. 6 MethodA:Visualassessmentofgroundcover 6.1Procedure Withtheobserverstandinguprightdirectlyadjacenttothetestarea,estimatebyeyetheproportionofsports surfaceoccupiedbylivingplanttissue,deadmatterandbaregroundand,ifrequired,the

24、proportioncoveredby particularplantspecies.Recordonlylivingplanttissueasgroundcover.Recorddeadmatterandbareground separately,ifrequired.Disregardoverlapoflivingplanttissue,i.e.donotmultiplecount. NOTE Anareaquadrate(similartothatdescribedinMethodB,butnotnecessarilywithasmanysubdivisions),maybeused t

25、odefinethesamplingarea. Unlessotherwisespecified,assessatleastfiverandomlychosentestareasonsportssurfacesoflessthan100m 2 , assessfivetotentestareas,asappropriate,onsportssurfacesof100m 2 to1000m 2 andassesstentofifteentest areasonsportssurfacesof1000m 2 to5000m 2 .Subdividelargersportssurfacesintot

26、woormoresectionsand testeachsectionasabove. 6.2Expression of results Expresstheresultsastheestimatedpercentagesoflivegrasstissueand,ifrequired,givetheestimatedground coverforindividualplantspecies. 7 MethodB:Assessmentofgroundcoverbyframequadrate 7.1Apparatus 7.1.1Frame, between0,75mx0,75mand1,0mx1,

27、0minternaldimensions,dividedinto100smallersquares (eachsubdivisionrepresenting1%ofthetotalarea)usingstring,cordorthinwire,asshowninFigure1. Figure1FrameforestimatinggroundcoverEN12231:2003(E) 6 7.2Procedure 7.2.1 General Dependingonwhetherthecovercomponentstobecountedaresmallerorlargerthantheframesu

28、bdivisions,refer to7.2.2or7.2.3.Withtheobserverstandingupright,directlyadjacenttothetestarea,estimatebyeyethe proportionofsportssurfaceoccupiedbylivingplanttissue,deadmatterandbareground.Estimatethepercentage ofsmallweedplantsorscatteredspotsofbaregroundbythemethoddescribedin7.2.2.Assessthegeneral d

29、istributionofplantcoverascomparedwithextensivebareareasortheareasoccupiedbylargeweeds,moss patches,etc.asdescribedin7.2.3. 7.2.2 Covercomponentslessthansubdivisionsize Estimatehowmanyofthecomponentbeingassessedwouldberequiredtofillasubdivision(1%oftheframe), thencountthenumberofthatcomponentinthewho

30、leareabeingexamined(makingdueallowanceforanyoverlap thatoccurs)andfromthat,calculatethetotalpercentagewithintheframe. 7.2.3 Covercomponentsofsubdivisionsizeorlarger Counthowmanysubdivisionsintheframearewhollyfilledormorethanhalffilledbythecomponentbeing assessed.Allsubdivisionslessthanhalffilledarei

31、gnoredasempty.Thenumberoffullsubdivisionsisrecorded asthepercentagevalue. NOTE With100subdivisionsthefullandemptysubdivisionsareassumedtobalanceoutwithadequateaccuracy. 7.2.4 Numberofframeplacings Unlessotherwisespecified,makeatleastfiverandomplacingsoftheframeonsportssurfacesoflessthan100m 2 , make

32、fivetotenplacings,asappropriate,onsportssurfacesof100m 2 to1000m 2 andmake10to15placingson sportssurfacesof1000m 2 to5000m 2 .Subdividelargersportssurfacesintotwoormoresectionsandtesteach sectionasabove. 7.3Expression of results Expresstheresultsastheestimatedpercentagesoflivegrasstissueand,ifrequir

33、ed,givetheestimatedground coverforindividualplantspecies. 8 MethodC:Assessmentofgroundcoverbypointquadrate 8.1Apparatus 8.1.1 Opticalpointquadrate, asshowninFigure2.Theapparatusconsistsofahorizontalframewithtworows eachof10steelpins,fixed50mmapartwithinrowsand20mmbetweenrows.EN12231:2003(E) 7 Nottos

34、cale Dimensionsareinmillimetres. 20 1 A B A B 50 2 3 5 4 6 Key 1 Perspexguard 2 Pinsinpairs 3 Frame 4 Frame 5 Pin 6 Perspexguard Figure2Opticalpointquadrateforgroundcovermeasurement 8.2Procedure Laytheframeontheturfandensurethatthebottomrowofpinsisatleast10mmabovetheuppermostgrass blades,usingsuppor

35、tsifnecessarytoraisetheframe.Alignbyeyethetipsofeachpairofpinstoidentifythepoint tobesampled.Ateachpointrecordwhatisdirectlybeneaththetips,i.e.speciesofgrass,weed,deadmatteror bareground.Continuesothatalltenpointsareexamined. Unlessotherwisespecified,recordinformationfrom30randomlyplacedframesonspor

36、tssurfacesoflessthan 100m 2 ,30to70frames,asappropriate,onsportssurfacesof100m 2 to1000m 2 and70to100framesonsports surfacesof1000m 2 to5000m 2 .Subdividelargersportssurfacesintotwoormoresectionsandtesteachsection asabove. 8.3Expression of results Expresstheresultsasthemeasuredpercentagesoflivegrass

37、tissue.Theindividualpercentageofeachgrass species(livematerialonly),weed,moss,deadmatterandbaregroundshouldalsobegiven.EN12231:2003(E) 8 9 Testreport Thetestreportshallincludethefollowinginformation: a) referencetothisstandard,i.e.EN12231:2003,andtheassessmentmethodused(MethodA,BorC); b) completeide

38、ntificationofthesurfacetested,includingitslocation,areaandprevioushistory; c) totallivegrasscoverandifrequired,thegroundcoverforindividualplantspecies.EN12231:2003(E) 9 Bibliography 1 EN12232, SurfacesforsportsareasDeterminationofthatchdepthofnaturalturfsportssurfaces.BS EN 12231:2003 BSI 389 Chiswi

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