雅思阅读十大领域之传纪篇及答案解析.doc

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1、雅思阅读十大领域之传纪篇及答案解析(总分：90.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart English-(总题数：5，分数：5.00)1.mental illness（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_2.one-man show（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_3.home-made（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_4.poetic imagination（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_5.hilly landscapes（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_二、BPart Translat(总题数：8，分数：8.00)6.Their lives were overshadowed by their

2、mothers mental illness and Nash himself was greatly helped by his nurse who, with some elderly neighbours, introduced him to the universe of plants.（分数：1.00）_7.Due to the enthusiasm of Michael Sadler and William Rothenstein, the exhibition, though modestly hung on the walls of a lampshade shop and a

3、nnounced by a home-made poster, was a success.（分数：1.00）_8.This war disturbed Nash but did not change his art as the last one had. His style and his habits were formed, and in the new war he treated his new subjects as he had treated those he had been thinking about for so long. His late paintings, b

4、oth oils and watercolours, are alternately brilliant and sombre in colour with the light of setting suns and rising moons spreading over wooded and hilly landscapes.（分数：1.00）_9.These were all qualities which the historical Franklin possessed in abundance, and so Nadolnys concentration and exaggerati

5、on of them isnt unreasonable.（分数：1.00）_10.It has been named as one of German literatures twenty contemporary classics, and it has been adopted as a manual and manifesto by European pressure groups and institutions representing causes as diverse as sustainable development, the Protestant Church, mana

6、gement science, motoring policy and pacifism.（分数：1.00）_11.Under the influence of Jean Andre de Luc (1727-1817), whose acquaintance he made in 1814, he began to devote himself to practical electricity in Tillochs Philosophical Magazine, one of which records an ingenious use of De Lucs electric column

7、 as a motive power for a clock.（分数：1.00）_12.In 1825 he invented and patented a perspective tracing instrument, intended to facilitate drawing from nature, which he improved about 1828, and described in a work called Mechanical Perspective. These instruments seem to be the only ones for which he took

8、 out patents.（分数：1.00）_13.Ronalds lived long enough to see his prophecies come to fruition and to receive belated official recognition: in 1870, three years before he died, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth I, for his early and remarkable labours in telegraphic investigations.（分数：1.00）_三、BPart Matc

9、hing(总题数：2，分数：10.00)a. stableb. franknessc. sendd. give ine. special（分数：5.00）(1).dispatch（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).motionless（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).succumb（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).blandness（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).peculiar（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_a. continuousb. dedicatec. relatived. creativee. attitude（分数：5.00）(1).devote（分数：1

10、.00）填空项 1:_(2).ingenious（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).successive（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).comparative（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).perspective（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、Part Actual Test(总题数：3，分数：67.00)You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Paul NashPaul Nash, the elder son of W

11、illiam Nash and his first wife, Caroline Jackson, was born in London on 11th May, 1889. His father was a successful lawyer who became the recorder of Abingdon. According to Ronald Blythe: In 1901 the family returned to its native Buckinghamshire, where the garden of Wood Lane House at Iver Heath, an

12、d the countryside of the Chiltern Hills, with its sculptural beeches and chalky contours, were early influences on the development of the three children. Their lives were overshadowed by their mothers mental illness and Nash himself was greatly helped by his nurse who, with some elderly neighbours,

13、introduced him to the universe of plants.Nash was educated at St. Pauls School and the Slade School of Art, where he met Stanley Spencer, Mark Gertler, C. R. W. Nevinson, Edward Wadsworth, Dora Carrington, William Roberts and Claughton Pellew. Unlike some of his contemporaries at the Slade School, N

14、ash remained untouched by the two post-impressionist exhibitions organised by Roger Fry in 1910 and 1912. Instead, he was influenced by the work of William Blake. He also became a close friend of Gordon Bottomley, who took a keen interest in his career.Nash had his first one-man show, of ink and was

15、h drawings, at the Carfax Gallery in 1912. The following year he shared an exhibition at the Dorien Leigh Gallery with his brother, John Nash. The art critic, Ronald Blythe, has argued: Due to the enthusiasm of Michael Sadler and William Rothenstein, the exhibition, though modestly hung on the walls

16、 of a lampshade shop and announced by a home-made poster, was a success. Myfanwy Piper, has added: Nash had a noteworthy sense of order and of the niceties of presentation; his pictures were beautifully framed, drawings mounted, his studio precisely and decoratively tidy, and oddments which he colle

17、cted were worked up into compositions.On the outbreak of the First World War Nash considered the possibility of joining the British Army. He told a friend: I am not keen to rush off and be a soldier. The whole damnable war is too horrible of course and I am all against killing anybody, speaking off

18、hand, but beside all that I believe both Jack and I might be more useful as ambulance and red cross men and to that end we are training. There may be emergencies later and I mean to get some drilling locally and learn to fire a gun but I dont see the necessity for a gentle-minded creature like mysel

19、f to be rushed into some stuffy brutal barracks to spend the next few months practically doing nothing but swagger about disguised as a soldier in case the Germans poor misguided fellowsshould land.Nash enlisted in the Artists Rifles. He told Gordon Bottomley: I have joined the Artists London Regime

20、nt of Territorials the old Corps which started with Rossetti, Leighton and Millais as members in 1860. Every man must do his bit in this horrible business so I have given up painting. There are many nice creatures in my company and I enjoy the burst of exercisemarching, drilling all day in the open

21、air about the pleasant parts of Regents Park and Hampstead Heath.In March 1917 he was sent to the Western Front. Nash, who took part in the offensive at Ypres, had reached the rank of lieutenant in the Hampshire Regiment by 1916. Whenever possible, Nash made sketches of life in the trenches. In May,

22、 1917 he was invalided home after a non-military accident. While recuperating in London, Nash worked from his sketches to produce a series of war paintings. This work was well received when exhibited later that year.As a result of this exhibition, Charles Masterman, head of the governments War Propa

23、ganda Bureau (WPB), and the advice of Edward Marsh and William Rothenstein, it was decided to recruit Nash as a war artist. In November 1917 in the immediate aftermath of the battle of Passchendaele Nash returned to France. Nashs work during the war included The Menin Road, The Ypres Salientat Night

24、, The Mule Track, A Howitzer Firing, Ruined Country and Spring in the Trenches.Nash was unhappy with his work as a member of War Propaganda Bureau. He wrote at the time: I am no longer an artist. I am a messenger who will bring back word from the men who are fighting to those who want the war to go

25、on for ever. Feeble, inarticulate will be my message, but it will have a bitter truth and may it burn their lousy souls. However, as Myfanwy Piper has pointed out: The drawings he made then, of shorn trees in ruined and flooded landscapes, were the works that made Nashs reputation. They were shown a

26、t the Leicester Galleries in 1918 together with his first efforts at oil painting, in which he was self-taught and quickly successful, though his drawings made in the field had more immediate public impact. From April of that year until early in 1919 Nash was engaged on paintings commissioned by the

27、 Department of Information for the newly established Imperial War Museum. His poetic imagination, instead of being crushed by the terrible circumstances of war, had expanded to produce terrible imagesterrible because of their combination of detached, almost abstract, appreciation and their truth to

28、appearance.In 1919 Nash moved to Dymchurch in Kent, beginning his well-known series of pictures of the sea, the breakwaters, and the long wall that prevents the sea from flooding Romney Marsh. This included Winter Sea and Dymchurch Steps. Nash also painted the landscapes of the Chiltern Hills. In 19

29、24 and 1928 he had successful exhibitions at the Leicester Galleries. Despite this popular acclaim in 1929 his work became more abstract. In 1933 Nash founded Unit One, the group of experimental painters, sculptors, and architects which included Herbert Read, Edward Wadsworth, Henry Moore, Barbara H

30、epworth, Edward Burra, Ben Nicholson and Wells Coates. Nash also contributed to the Architectural Review and Country Life and wrote Shell Guide to Dorset (1936).During the Second World War Nash was employed by the Ministry of Information and the Air Ministry and paintings produced by him during this

31、 period include the Battle of Britain and Totes Meer. His biographer, Myfanwy Piper, has argued: This war disturbed Nash but did not change his art as the last one had. His style and his habits were formed, and in the new war he treated his new subjects as he had treated those he had been thinking a

32、bout for so long. His late paintings, both oils and watercolours, are alternately brilliant and sombre in colour with the light of setting suns and rising moons spreading over wooded and hilly landscapes.Paul Nash died at 35 Boscombe Spa Road, Bournemouth, on 11th July 1946.www.spartacus.schoolnet.c

33、o.uk（分数：13.00）(1).Complete the table below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer. Write your answers in boxes on your answer sheet. Time Experience1912-1913When Paul Nash studied at the Slade School of Art, he has his UU 1 /U/U,which showed his ink and wash drawings

34、. And one year later, he shared anotherexhibition with UU 2 /U/U, John Nash.1914-1917 At the beginning of the First World War, Nash considered to join the Army.Later, he really gave up painting and became a member of UU 3 /U/UIn 1917,he was also sent to UU 4 /U/U, but unfortunately two months later,

35、 he wasreleased from the military service after a UU 5 /U/U.Later 1917-1919Nash was drafted as a UU 6 /U/Uin WPB. Although he was not satisfied withthe work, he had to admit the UU 7 /U/Uhe got from those works originatedfrom work. He made his first efforts at UU 8 /U/Ushown in 1918 and hisUU 9 /U/U

36、expanded to produce terrible image.1924-1933From 1924 to 1929, Nash had two successful exhibitions. His work became moreabstract. In1933, he established UU 10 /U/U.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_(11).Do the following statements agree with the informati

37、on given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this Nash was impressed by the work of William Blake instead of Roger Fry when he studied a

38、t the Slade School of Art.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(12).World War Two produced the same consequence to Nashs painting as World War One.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(13).His paintings during World War Two are all about nature, like the setting suns and rising moons.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Read It on the AutobahnThe discovery of s

39、lowness by Sten Nadolny, translated byRalph Freeman Canongate. You are invited to read this book review.A John Franklin (1786-1847) was the most famous vanisher of the Victorian era. He joined the Navy as a midshipman at the age of 14, and fought in the battles of Copenhagen and Trafalgar. When peac

40、e with the French broke out, he turned his attention to Arctic exploration, and in particular to solving the conundrum of the Northwest Passage, the mythical clear-water route which would, if it existed, link the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans above the northern coast of the American continent. The

41、 first expedition Franklin led to the Arctic was an arduous overland journey from Hudson Bay to the shores of the so-called Polar Ocean east of the Coppermine River. Between 1819 and 1822, Franklin and his twenty- strong team covered 5550 miles on foot. Their expedition was a triumph of surveyingthe

42、y managed to chart hundreds of miles of previously unknown coastlinebut their inexperience in polar travel and inadequate supplies meant that the journey back to civilisation, across the Barren Ground, turned into a catastrophe. Food ran out while they were still days from safety, and the men were f

43、orced to eat lichen, their belts and their boots (which they boiled up to make leather soup). Nine men died of starvation. One of the French-Canadian guides, suspected of cannibalism, was executed.B There followed a career as a travel writer and salon-goer (the man who ate his boots was Franklins ta

44、g-line), a second long Arctic expedition, and a controversial spell as Governor of Van Diemens Land. Then, in May 1845, Franklin set off with two shipsthe Erebus and the Terrorand 129 men on the voyage that would kill him. In July, the convoy was seen by two whalers, entering Lancaster Sound. Nothin

45、g more would be heard of it for 14 years. Between 1847 and 1859, more than thirty expeditions were dispatched in search of Franklin and his men. They explored thousands of miles of new land within the Arctic regions, and contributed to the development of sledge-travelling as a means of polar travel. The details are still uncertain, but it seems that in September 1846 in Vi