公共英语五级-29(无听力原文)及答案解析.doc

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1、公共英语五级-29(无听力原文)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Talk 1(总题数：1，分数：4.00)（分数：4.00）(1).Choose the best answer. When was Fahrenheit born?（分数：1.00）A.1686.B.1696.C.1701.D.1717.(2).What kind of thermometer did Fahrenheit construct?（分数：1.00）A.Gas thermometers.B.Alcohol thermometers.C.Mercur

2、y thermometers.D.Mercury-in-glass thermometers.(3).What is the major difference between Fahrenheit“s thermometer and the previous ones?（分数：1.00）A.It has a narrower range of temperatures.B.It has a less constant rate of expansion.C.It is more accurate.D.It is less sensitive.(4).What discovery did Fah

3、renheit make?（分数：1.00）A.The freezing point of water affected by atmospheric pressure.B.The changing boiling points of liquid with atmospheric pressure.C.The supercooling of water.D.The solidification of water.三、Talk 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)（分数：10.00）(1).Answer the following questions by circling TRUE of FA

4、LSE. Black people began to live in Britain in the 17th century.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(2).African slaves were taken to the Americas by British colonists to work on plantations.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(3).A unit of British currency was named after a West African region.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(4).Choose the best answer.

5、 When did slavery become illegal in Britain?（分数：1.00）A.In the 16th century.B.In the 17th century.C.In the 18th century.D.In the 19th century.(5).Why did government officials bring blacks to Britain?（分数：1.00）A.To have company on their journey back.B.To make them work as slaves on plantations.C.To mak

6、e them soldiers in the British army.D.To enrich the British races.(6).How were blacks treated in the UK?（分数：1.00）A.They were punished severely by their owners.B.They were treated as equals.C.The were not treated as fully human.D.They suffered inhuman treatment.(7).Complete the following sentences wi

7、th NO MORE THAN three words for each blank. 1 in aristocratic families indicated black people“s status.（分数：1.00）(8).Before the abolitionist movement, black people were believed not to have 1.（分数：1.00）(9).Owners often trained their black servants in 1.（分数：1.00）(10).Francis Barber, Dr. Johnson“s emplo

8、yee, was paid 1 per year.（分数：1.00）四、Passage(总题数：1，分数：18.00)London After the Great FireThe Great Fire of September 1666 laid waste five sixths of the walled area of the medieval city, from Fleet Street in the west to the Tower of London in the east, and north from the bank of the Thames to the wall a

9、t Cripplegate. London Bridge was not affected, as a previous fire of 1633 had cleared an area at its north end which stopped the flames of 1666 spreading. Within the area of the fire no buildings survived intact above ground, though churches of stone, and especially their towers, were only partly de

10、stroyed and now stood as gaunt and smoking ruins. In many places the ground was too hot to walk on for several days afterwards. At least 65,000 people had been made homeless by the fire. At first they camped in the fields outside the walls, but within days had dispersed to surrounding villages or ot

11、her parts of London. Rents soared in the unburnt area, but somehow accommodation was found for all who needed it. Much merchandise had been destroyed, and there was virtually no fire insurance, so many people were ruined, and some moved away permanently. Within a few days of the fire, several propos

12、als with sketch-plans for radical reorganisation of the City“s streets were put forward, including one by Christopher Wren, but they had no chance of success, because so many interests were involved and the City wanted to get back on its feet quickly. One of them, by Richard Newcourt, which proposed

13、 a rigid grid with churches in squares, was however later adopted for the laying-out of Philadelphia, USA. Then, in October 1666, King Charles and the City appointed Commissioners, including Wren, to regulate the rebuilding. The Commissioners issued proclamations concerning the width of streets and

14、the height, materials and dimensions of secular buildings. And in February 1667 a Fire Court started hearing many competing claims from owners and tenants as the rebuilding began. Some streets were widened or straightened, bottlenecks eased, and one new street built by carving through private proper

15、ties. Markets in the streets were moved into new special market halls. But efforts to create a city with fine new public buildings and spaces did not go much further. There were no new public squares. The four affected gates (Ludgate, Newgate, Moorgate and Temple Bar) were rebuilt in place, even tho

16、ugh they were now decorative rather than useful, and all the gates were removed in the 1760s. A New Quay, 40 feet wide and from Blackfriars to the Tower, was intended; but although a space was cleared back from the pre-fire river wall for this purpose, it became gradually obscured by cranes, sheds a

17、nd then permanent private warehouses. A separate scheme to make the Fleet into a canal with its own warehouses and vaults got under way but also failed after a few decades. By the end of 1670 almost 7000 sites had been surveyed and 6000 houses built. By the time of Ogilby and Morgan“s map of the Cit

18、y in 1676 all the area of the fire had been rebuilt with the exception of some of the sites of parish churches. The mapmakers even guessed at the future shape of St Paul“s Cathedral, even though only the foundation of the east end had been laid. Surprisingly, considering Wren“s habit of keeping the

19、design to himself, they got it roughly right. Overall, there were fewer houses (some scholars say a reduction of 20%, others say as much as 39%), partly due to amalgamation of sites and some owners“ wish to have larger houses. Four sizes were specified in the rebuilding actthe largest was a house at

20、 the back of a courtyard. These grand residences were now occupied by merchants and aldermen, since the aristocracy had been moving to the West End or Covent Garden before the Great Fire and they now decamped with greater speed. The courtyard houses and the second type, which fronted major streets,

21、were restricted to four storeys in height whereas before the fire they were sometimes six. Ordinary streets and alleys contained two smaller types, limited to three storeys. All houses had to be constructed of brick, though some timber was allowed in practice (especially for the cornice at roof-leve

22、l), and the external walls were to be of differing thickness depending on the type of house. The grander houses sometimes had doorways and windows in stone, but this would have been exceptional. There are a very few survivors today, but an example can be seen in the former Deanery off St Paul“s chur

23、chyard. Fifty-one parish churches were rebuilt under the general direction of Christopher Wren (knighted in 1673). Today there are 23 left fairly intact, and ruins or only towers of a further six. Their variety and beauty comes not only from his inventive genius and a close study of classical archit

24、ecture, but also from an essential pragmatism about the ruins facing him. Often the new church had the same outline as the pre-fire building, or the tower was retained. Some of the designs may be by Robert Hooke (St Martin Ludgate), but it is clear that Wren only had a general overall control of all

25、 these projects. Whether it is around the cathedral, during repairs to a Wren church or on some building sites, archaeological excavation in the City often finds evidence of the fire and of the rebuilding, especially along the waterfront where the fire rubble was left in the streets and alleys to he

26、ighten the ground level against the Thames. This means that not only are some of the pre-fire buildings saved for excavation, with walls up to five feet high, but the post-fire improvements can be seen: wider alleys, and more construction in brick. Carved stones from destroyed churches were reused a

27、s rubble in foundations and walls, most notably in the crypt of the new St Paul“s. We have perhaps been overimpressed by the Great Fire, and must place it in contextthe fire, destructive though it was, devastated only about one third of the conurbation of London then standing. Within the area of the

28、 devastation a new city of brick and occasionally stone arose, but around it a larger area remained timber-framed for generations to come. Inside the City, if we could have walked down a street like Fenchurch Street in 1675, we would have seen an abrupt change from the brick buildings of the new cit

29、y to the timber and plaster frontages of the pre-fire city, at the point where the fire was stopped. This sudden contrast took generations to erase. But it is also true that the fire created the opportunity to build, in the central area, a city in a new form, which would quickly become the hub of th

30、e British Empire in the decades which followed. So the creation of the Empire owes something to the Great Fire of 1666. Comprehension（分数：18.00）(1).Choose the best answer. After the Great Fire, -|_|-.（分数：1.50）A.one sixth of the city was burnt to the groundB.only churches of stone remained intactC.Lon

31、don Bridge survived because of a previous fireD.the area to the south of the Thames River was cleared(2).Plans to reorganize the city were rejected because -|_|-.（分数：1.50）A.the city wanted to resume its normal life quicklyB.they were too radical for the city“s rebuildingC.they repeated the layout of

32、 cities in other countriesD.there were no criteria concerning the rebuilding(3).The rebuilding of London -|_|-.（分数：1.50）A.cleared many private houses for new public squaresB.removed the four decorative gatesC.cleared the space for a new quayD.constructed a canal with its own warehouses and vaults(4)

33、.There were fewer houses rebuilt after the Great Fire because of -|_|-.（分数：1.50）A.the expansion of churchesB.some owners“ wishes to enlarge their housesC.the lack of specifications of new housesD.the aristocracy who moved into the area(5).Complete the following sentences with NO MORE THAN three word

34、s for each blank. After the fire, almost all houses were constructed of 1.（分数：1.50）(6).Today many of the churches rebuilt after the fire remain 1.（分数：1.50）(7).Wren“s genius, knowledge of classical architecture and 1 all came to play in his design of the churches.（分数：1.50）(8).Archaelogical excavation

35、 finds that the fire rubble was used to raise 1.（分数：1.50）(9).Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN four words. In which part of the new buildings were the stones from destroyed churches reused?（分数：1.50）_(10).What were the buildings constructed of outside the destroyed area?（分数：1.50）_(

36、11).In which part of the city was the fire stopped?（分数：1.50）_(12).In a sense, what did the fire contribute to?（分数：1.50）_五、Part (总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Exercise 1 Use of En(总题数：1，分数：40.00)Earning a Living in the 19th CenturyDuring the 18th century, more and more families in Britain came to earn a living fro

37、m industrial work rather than from 1 work. And this trend 2 in the 19th century, 3 work providing services rather than in making goods rose to prominence. At the same time, the country“s population increased more rapidly than 4 before, a marked upturn 5 the rate of growth occurring from the late 170

38、0s. As a 6 , a far greater 7 of people were involved in making manufactured goods in early Victorian times than had been the 8 in early Georgian times. The rapidity of population 9 from the late 18th century caused a great deal of interest at the time and brought no little anxiety. Thus the gloomy T

39、homas Malthus predicted that, 10 checked, such rapid 11 growth would outstrip food supplies, 12 to starvation. In the event this did not happen, but 13 about population growth led to the first national census of Britain“s population taking place in 1801. Since then, censuses have been 14 every ten y

40、ears, except during 1941 15 wartime disruption occurred. The early censuses give some information on occupations and hence 16 how people earned a living. But it is only from 1841 17 detail of the occupations of individuals rather than 18 groups of people is given. This crucial change arose 19 , for

41、the first time, households were issued with forms (or schedules) on 20 they were legally required to record details of everyone who stayed in the household on census night. In 1851, the schedules required fuller information, including occupations. This information was usually collected by local peop

42、le.（分数：40.00）七、Exercise 2 Gapped Te(总题数：1，分数：15.00)London in 1509 was certainly no backwater. With a population of around 60,000, it was far larger than any other city in England and, containing as it did Westminster and the City and Southwark, it was at the centre of English political power and fin

43、ancial muscle. Yet these centres were independent in purpose, governance and location, and a trip from the City to Westminster would take in open ground, with hunting on Soho Fields a common activity. London was primus inter pares, not king of the world. 1 The transformation was caused by a combinat

44、ion of court and port. While monarchy and government had been modernising slowly for a century, the pace accelerated rapidly after Henry VII seized power in 1485. To bolster a precarious grip on power, Henry instituted wide-ranging reforms that centralised the government and caused regional Dower-ba

45、ses to lose their attraction for the ambitious - London was now the place to be. 2 Helped by a population explosion across the country, London ballooned in size: by 1603 its population had expanded to 215,000 people. Henry began a massive programme of construction, turning York House into the palace

46、 of Whitehall, building St James“ and Bridewell palaces, and adding to Hampton Court. Furthermore, the dissolution of the monasteries in 1,536 brought about one of the largest changes in the London property scene, as many religious buildings were destroyed and even more were adapted for secular use.

47、 Stone from Clerkenwell Priory was used to build Somerset House on the Strand, and many city companies took similar advantage to nab fine buildings now forcibly emptied of priests. 3 As the city grew, it needed the infrastructure to match. A new reservoir at Islington, completed in 1609, fed a netwo

48、rk of elm pipes underneath the main roads. A quarterly subscription connected around 30,000 houses to the mains, although the water was not of a good enough quality to drink. From 1662, the carrying of letters was declared to be a monopoly of the king, this event effectively marking the beginning of the Royal Mail, with letters travelling between Bristol and London in a day. By 1666 the main streets were lit regularly at night. 4 Much of the population increase was caused b