大学四级-737及答案解析.doc

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1、大学四级-737 及答案解析(总分：713.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Writing(总题数：1，分数：106.00)1.我国某些传统节日受到冷遇，而西方节日却日益升温；2形成这种现象的原因；3你对这种现象的看法。（分数：106.00）_二、Part Reading Compr(总题数：4，分数：70.00)Does contagious yawning mean youre nice?Youre in a conversation with another person and he casually yawns. As you wonder whether hes bore

2、d with the discussion, you find that youre yawning, too. A man walking by, sees you yawn, and pretty soon he yawns. Its carried on and on, passing from one person to another in a domino effect. Science is still investigating exactly what makes us yawn, but its a well-known and little-studied fact: Y

3、awning is contagious.We know that much of yawning is due to suggestibilityits infectious. You dont need to actually see a person yawn to involuntarily yawn yourself; hearing someone yawn or even reading about yawning can cause the same reaction. Chances are youll yawn at least once while reading thi

4、s article.But contagious yawning goes beyond mere suggestibility. Recent studies show that the phenomenon is also related to our predisposition toward empathythe ability to understand and connect with others emotional states. It sounds strange, but whether or not youre susceptible to contagious yawn

5、ing may actually be related to how much empathy you feel for others.Empathy is an important part of cognitive development. We learn from an early age to value ourselves based on the amount and type of empathy our parents display, and developmental psychologists have found that people who werent show

6、n empathy by their parents struggle later on in life. A lack of early empathy has been shown to lead to the development of sociopathic behavior in adults.So empathy is important, sure, but how could it possibly be related to contagious yawning? Leave it up to psychologists at Leeds University in Eng

7、land to answer that. In their study, researchers selected 40 psychology students and 40 engineering students. Each student was made to wait individually in a waiting room, along with an undercover assistant who yawned 10 times in as many minutes. The students were then administered an emotional quot

8、ient test: Students were shown 40 images of eyes and asked what emotion each one displayed.The results of the test support the idea that contagious yawning is linked to empathy. The psychology studentswhose future profession requires them to focus on othersyawned contagiously an average of 5.5 times

9、 in the waiting room and scored 28 out of 40 on the emotional test. The engineering students-who tend to focus on things like numbers and systems yawned an average of 1.5 times and scored 25.5 out of 40 on the following test. The difference doesnt sound like much, but researchers consider it signifi

10、cant. Strangely, women, who are generally considered more emotionally attuned, didnt score any higher than men.These findings support what neurologists found through brain imaging: Contagious yawning is associated with the same parts of the brain that deal with empathy. These regions, the precuneus

11、and posterior temporal gyrus, are located in the back of the brain. And although the link between contagious yawning and empathy has been established, explanations for the link are still being investigated.Researchers are looking into the world of development disorders and at higher primates for ans

12、wers to this riddle.Primate Yawing, Autism and Contagious YawningYawning may serve a number of functions, and these functions might be different for different animals. Humans arent the only animals that yawneven fish do. But only humans and chimpanzees, our closest relative in the animal kingdom, ha

13、ve shown definite contagious yawning.One study, conducted in Kyoto, Japan, observed six chimps in captivity. Chimps were shown videos of other chimps yawning, along with chimps that opened their mouths but did not yawn. Of the six, two chimps yawned contagiously a number of times. Even more interest

14、ing, like their human counterparts under age 5, the three chimp infants showed no susceptibility to contagious yawning.This may be related to the fact that empathy is taught and learned. If contagious yawning is the result of empathy, then contagious yawning wouldnt exist until the ability to empath

15、ize was learned. But what if empathy is never developed? Another study, led by cognitive researcher Atsushi Senju, sought to answer that question.People with autism spectrum disorder are considered to be developmentally impaired emotionally. Autistics have trouble connecting with others and find it

16、difficult to feel empathy. Since autistics have difficulty feeling empathy, then they shouldnt be susceptible to contagious yawning.To find out, Senju and his colleagues placed 48 kids aged 7 to 15 in a room with a television. Twenty-four of the test subjects had been diagnosed with autism spectrum

17、disorder, the other half were non-autistic kids. Like the Kyoto chimp study, the test subjects were shown short clips of people yawning as well as clips of people opening their mouths but not yawning. While the kids with autism had the same lack of reaction to both kinds of clips, the non-autistic k

18、ids yawned more after the clips of people yawning.But there could be another interpretation to Senjus findings. Autistics tend to focus on the mouths of people with whom they interact. But contagious yawning is thought to be cuednot by movements in the mouth areabut by changes to the area around the

19、 yawning persons eyes. This could explain why autistics are less susceptible to contagious yawningperhaps theyre just missing the cues.However, that notion is undermined by another study. Conducted by researchers at Yale University, this study examined the reactions of autistic adults while they wat

20、ched emotionally charged scenes from the movie, “Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf?“ Researchers found that those autistics who watched the eyes of the characters didnt register any more emotional reaction than those who focused on the mouth. This indicates that contagious yawning amounts to more than j

21、ust cues; the autistics who watched the eyes received little information from the cues they found there.Its become pretty clear that contagious yawning is linked to empathy. But why? Perhaps the best explanation for why we yawn, as well as why yawning is contagious, can be found around the watering

22、hole on the savannah tens of thousands of years ago.Some scientists believe that yawning is an involuntary response to a stressful situation: When we yawn, we increase the blood flow to the brain, thus making us more alert. Contagious yawning may be a method of quiet communication by which our ances

23、tors spread the word that a hungry lion was nearby. Fear is an emotion with which we can empathize, and yawning may serve as a cue by which we spread that fear.（分数：49.00）(1).Whether or not youre easily influenced by contagious yawning may be linked to_.（分数：7.00）A.the personality of the person you ar

24、e talking toB.how much empathy you feel for othersC.your reaction when you see someone yawningD.the ability to avoid others influence(2).Early empathy is important for us in that_.（分数：7.00）A.parents first show their empathy to usB.it is related to contagious yawningC.its an important part of cogniti

25、ve developmentD.it affects our later life a lot(3).The results of the Leeds Universitys test show that_.（分数：7.00）A.the less a man focuses on others, the higher he scoresB.men didnt score any higher than womenC.contagious yawning and empathy are related to the same parts of the brainD.it explained th

26、e link between contagious yawning and empathy(4).Contagious yawning wouldnt exist unless_.（分数：7.00）A.the ability of yawning is taughtB.the ability to empathize is learnedC.empathy is never developedD.yawning is controlled well(5).Why autistics are less susceptible to contagious yawning?（分数：7.00）A.Au

27、tistics have difficulty feeling empathy.B.Autistics cant communicate with others.C.Autistics are not able to learn yawning.D.Autistics focus much on peoples eyes.(6).Another interpretation to Senjus findings is that contagious yawning is thought to be cued by_.（分数：7.00）A.movements in the yawning per

28、sons mouth areaB.yawning persons appearanceC.changes on emotion reactionD.changes around the yawning persons eyes(7).According to the Yale Universitys study, why autistics arent susceptible to contagious yawning?（分数：7.00）A.They didnt register any emotional reaction.B.They didnt understand the movie.

29、C.They received little information from the cues around peoples eyes.D.They didnt understand what people say just by seeing movement of mouths.2.The reason why contagious yawning is linked to empathy was 1.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_3.Some scientists believe that yawning is just to make us 1.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_4.

30、Yawning may be considered as a cue by which people spread an emotion, and with the emotion 1.（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_三、Part Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Section A(总题数：4，分数：105.00)Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one o

31、r more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. A.fier each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A,B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding let

32、ter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.（分数：35.00）A.In the laundry.B.In the tailors.C.In the department store.D.At home.A.It started to rain when she was at the beach.B.Shed like the man to go to the beach with her.C.The forecast calls for more rain tomorrow.D.She wont go to the

33、beach tomorrow if it rains.A.There will be a short delay.B.There will be a long delay.C.The flight has been canceled.D.The condition is still uncertain.A.He usually assigns homework.B.He didnt teach class today.C.He usually talks quietly.D.He noticed that the students didnt do their homework.A.Go ho

34、me to get a book.B.Return a book to the library.C.Ask the librarian for help in finding a book.D.Take a book from the library for the woman.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：28.00）A.A class presentation theyre preparing.B.A television program the man is watchin

35、g.C.Visiting a close friend of theirs.D.Studying for a test.A.Hes taking a break from studying.B.He has already finished studying.C.He was assigned to watch a program by his professor.D.Hes finding out some information for a friend.A.He didnt know that she was enrolled in a linear algebra course.B.H

36、e thought she preferred to study alone.C.He thought she had made arrangements to study with.D.He had told her that he had done poorly on a recent test.A.He and Elizabeth quarreled recently.B.He heard Elizabeth did poorly on the last test.C.He doesnt want to bother Elizabeth so late at night.D.Hed ra

37、ther study in his own dormitory.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.（分数：21.00）A.Name.B.Address.C.Receipt.D.Phone number.A.For customs check.B.For security check.C.For conveniences sake.D.For the companys sake.A.The time needed for sending the parcel.B.The flight time

38、 to New York.C.The parcels destination.D.Parcel collection.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.五、Section B(总题数：3，分数：70.00)Passage One（分数：21.00）A.To include mass production and the assembly line among Henry Fords accomplishments.B.To report the origin of the minimum wage.C.To credit Henry Ford with industrial re

39、forms.D.To defend Henry Fords practices.A.Three.B.Eight.C.Ten.D.Twelve.A.The five-dollar-a-day minimum wage.B.Education and training programs.C.Labor unions.D.Sick leaves.Passage Two（分数：21.00）A.Much competition has to be faced.B.Many employees have no work experience.C.The young people only case abo

40、ut how much they can earn.D.Schools fail to offer students appropriate vocational guidance.A.Because they have ruined their talents.B.Because they have taken on an unsuitable job.C.Because they think of nothing but their salary.D.Because they are not aware of their own potential.A.Your job must suit

41、 your interest.B.Your job must set a pattern of life.C.Your job must offer you a high salary.D.Your job must not ruin your talents.Passage Three（分数：28.00）A.It centers on convincing the reader that cheating is immoral.B.It centers on discussing the reasons for cheating.C.It centers on describing how

42、students cheat on exam.D.It centers on discussing how to control cheating.A.It is forgivable to cheat unless money is involved.B.There has been a quick increase in cheating.C.Most cheaters are college students.D.Cheaters is regardless of guilt and regret.A.Cheating is widespread because the society

43、is too tolerant.B.Cheating is the result of intense pressure.C.Cheating is cheating, whether on a test or on any other occasions.D.Cheating comes together with civilization.A.One wants something badly.B.One cant get something in a right way.C.It is not very likely to be revealed.D.A series of things

44、 has to be dealt with.六、Section C(总题数：1，分数：77.00)Surging growth in international travel is driving revenue increases at the foreign units of U.S. online travel agencies and has spurred heated (36) for a bigger slice of the lucrative and (37) market.Companies like Orbitz Worldwide Inc. and P Inc. hav

45、e ramped up efforts to attract customers to their sites (38) , and at least one U.S. travel site, Vayama, has (39) itself entirely to international bookings for travel to and from the United States.Growth in bookings made outside the United States far outpaces the growth in U.S. (40) bookings. That

46、is partly because more people are traveling and partly because travelers are increasingly comfortable trusting their (41) to websites, said Orbitz Chief Executive Steve Baruhart.“Its a competitive market place in the United States, and its going to be a very competitive marketplace (42) , “ Barnhart

47、 said in an interview on Monday.Earlier this week Orbitz said it has relaunched ebookers, its online travel company in Europe, with more (43) and user reviews with the goal of attracting more European bookings.(44) . up from $24.5 billion in 2004, according to travel research company PhoCusWright.(4

48、5) .（分数：77.00）(1).Surging growth in international travel is driving revenue increases at the foreign units of U.S. online travel agencies and has spurred heated (36) for a bigger slice of the lucrative and (37) market.Companies like Orbitz Worldwide Inc. and P Inc. have ramped up efforts to attract

49、customers to their sites (38) , and at least one U.S. travel site, Vayama, has (39) itself entirely to international bookings for travel to and from the United States.Growth in bookings made outside the United States far outpaces the growth in U.S. (40) bookings. That is partly because more people are traveling and partly because