【考研类试卷】英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编90及答案解析.doc
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1、英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 90 及答案解析(总分:12.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数:6,分数:12.00)1.英译汉(分数:2.00)_2.Global financial stability has improved over the past six months, bolstered by better macroeco-nomic performance and continued accommodative macroeconomic policies, but fragilities remain. The two-speed recoverymodest
2、 in advanced economies and robust in emerging market economieshas posed different policy challenges for countries. In advanced economies hit hardest by the crisis, governments and households remain heavily indebted, to varying degrees, and the health of financial institutions has not recovered in ta
3、ndem with the overall economy. Emerging market economies are facing new challenges associated with strong domestic demand, rapid credit growth, relatively accommodative macroeconomic policies, and large capital inflows. Geopolitical risks could also threaten the economic and financial outlook, with
4、oil prices increasing sharply amid fears of supply disruptions in the Middle East and North Africa. The main task facing policymakers in advanced economies is to shift the balance of policies a-way from reliance on macroeconomic and liquidity support to more structural policiesless “leaning“ and mor
5、e “cleaning“ of the financial system. This will entail reducing leverage and restoring market discipline, while avoiding financial or economic disruption during the transition. Thus, ongoing policy efforts to withdraw (implicit) public guarantees and ensure bondholder liability for future losses mus
6、t build on more rapid progress toward stronger bank balance sheets, ensuring medium-term fiscal sustainability and addressing excessive debt burdens in the private sector. For policymakers in emerging market economies, the task is to limit overheating and a buildup of vulnerabilitiesto avoid “cleani
7、ng“ later. Emerging market economies have continued to benefit from strong growth relative to that in advanced economies, accompanied by increasing portfolio capital inflows. This is putting pressure on some financial markets, contributing to higher leverage, potential asset price bubbles, and infla
8、tionary pressures. Policymakers will have to pay increasing attention to containing the buildup of macro-financial risks to avoid future problems that could inhibit their growth and damage financial stability. In a number of cases, this will entail a tighter macroeconomic policy stance, and, when ne
9、eded, the use of macro-prudential tools to ensure financial stability. Increasing the financial sector“s capacity to absorb higher flows through efforts to broaden and deepen local capital markets will also help.(分数:2.00)_3.The concept captured the Zeitgeist of the personal computer revolution. Many
10、 young people, especially those in the counterculture, had viewed computers as instruments that could be used by Or-wellian governments and giant corporations to sap individuality. But by the end of the 1970s, they were also being seen as potential tools for personal empowerment. The ad cast Macinto
11、sh as a warrior for the latter causea cool, rebellious and heroic company that was the only thing standing in the way of the big evil corporation“ s plan for world domination and total mind control. Once again Jobs would end up suffering bad publicity without making a penny. Apple“ s stock price kep
12、t dropping, and by March 2003 even the new options were so low that Jobs traded in all of them for an outright grant of $ 75 million worth of shares, which amounted to about $ 8. 3 million for each year he had worked since coming back in 1997 through the end of the vesting in 2006. None of this woul
13、d have mattered much if the Wall Street Journal had not run a powerful series in 2006 about backdated stock options. Apple wasn“ t mentioned, but its board appointed a committee of three membersAl Gore, Eric Schmidt of Google, and Jerry York, formerly of IBM and Chryslerto investigate its own practi
14、ces. “ We decided at the outset that if Steve was at fault we would let the chips fall where they may,“ Gore recalled. The committee uncovered some irregularities with Jobs“ s grants and those of other top officers, and it immediately turned the findings over to the SEC. Jobs was aware of the backda
15、ting, the report said, but he ended up not benefiting financially. ( A board committee at Disney also found that similar backdating had occurred at Pixar when Jobs was in charge. ) The laws governing such backdating practices were murky, especially since no one at Apple ended up benefiting from the
16、dubiously dated grants. The SEC took eight months to do its own investigation , and in April 2007 it announced that it would not bring action against Apple “ based in part on its swift, extensive, and extraordinary cooperation in the Commission“ s investigation and its prompt self-reporting. “ Altho
17、ugh the SEC found that Jobs had been aware of the backdating, it cleared him of any misconduct because he “was unaware of the accounting implications. “ The SEC did file complaints against Apple“ s former Chief financial officer Fred Anderson, who was on the board, and general counsel Nancy Heinen.
18、Anderson, a retired Air Force captain with a square jaw and deep integrity, had been a wise and calming influence at Apple, where he was known for his ability to control Jobs“ s tantrums. He was cited by the SEC only for “negligence“ regarding the paperwork for one set of the grants (not the ones th
19、at went to Jobs) , and the SEC allowed him to continue to serve on corporate boards. Nevertheless he ended up resigning from the Apple board.(分数:2.00)_4.Is the world headed for a food crisis? India, Mexico and Yemen have seen food riots this year. What“ s the cause for these shortages and price hike
20、s? Expensive oil, for the most part. The U-nited Nations food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)reported that, at nearly $ 100 a barrel, the price of oil has sent the cost of food imports skyrocketing this year. Add in escalating crop prices, the FAO warned, and a direct consequence could soon be an
21、increase in global hungerand, as a consequence, increased social unrest. What“ s more, worldwide food reserves are at their lowest in 35 years, so prices are likely to stay high for the foreseeable future. On the demand side, one of the key issues is biofuels. Biofuels, made from food crops such as
22、corn, sugar cane, and palm oil, are seen as easing the world “ s dependence on gasoline or diesel. But when crude oil is expensive, as it is now, these alternative energy sources can also be sold at market-competitive prices, rising steeply in relation to petroleum. With one-quarter of the US corn h
23、arvest in 2010 diverted towards biofuel production, the attendant rose in cereal prices has already had an impact on the cost and availability of food, Critics worry that the gold rush toward biofuels is taking away food from the hungry Leaders in the biofuel industry respond that energy COSTS are m
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