【考研类试卷】考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷492及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 492 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_Next to snakes and crocs, Australians imagine shar

2、ks to be the countrys most dangerous creature. Tim Winton, an author, calls sharks “substitute for the Devil“. Seven swimmers in three years have died from shark attacks in Mr. Wintons home state of Western Australia. The states government, led by Colin Barnett, is now taking revenge. In late Novemb

3、er a skilled surfer died from a shark attack. A week later a shark killed a 19-year-old in New South Wales. The tragedies fed public anxieties. Mr. Barnett ordered no-go zones for sharks to be set up offshore, marked by lines of baited hooks. Any shark caught on them more than three metres long was

4、to be shot. The first shark caught in this strategy was shot on January 26th. Mr. Barnett says he has to “protect the people of Western Australia“. But previously hostile popular attitudes towards sharks are shifting. Plenty of Western Australians , along with environmentalists and shark experts, de

5、plore the new policy. In early January, at the height of the summer holiday season, more than 4,000 protesters swamped Cottesloe Beach in Perth, with signs reading “Save Our Sharks“ and “Science Not Slaughter“. Of Australias 180 or so shark species, only a few are dangerous to humans: chiefly, bull

6、sharks, tiger sharks and great whites, which are protected under federal law. Their numbers have suffered from the trade in shark fins for soup in Asia, which Australia and others have banned. Nonetheless, the federal government has given its conservative counterpart in Western Australia an exemptio

7、n from protecting great whites under its “catch-and-kill“ policy. Despite the recent attacks, deaths from sharks are rarean average of just one person a year for the past half-century around Australias vast coastline, says the Australian Shark Attack File, a research outfit at Taronga Zoo in Sydney.

8、 By contrast, an average of 120 people drown each year off beaches and in harbours and rivers. There has been no fatal shark attack at Bondi beach in Sydney, Australias most popular strand, since 1929.（分数：10.00）(1).Snakes and crocs are mentioned in Paragraph 1 in order to _.（分数：2.00）A.show their dan

9、ger to people in AustraliaB.emphasize Australians extreme hatred toward sharksC.indicate that sharks are more dangerousD.show that taking revenge against sharks is necessary to ensure safety(2).Mr. Barnetts policy includes _.（分数：2.00）A.shooting any shark caught on no-go zonesB.setting up restricted

10、areas offshore for swimmersC.protecting his people from being killed by sharksD.ensuring safety of both human beings and animals(3).Many Australians attitude towards the new policy is _.（分数：2.00）A.doubtfulB.supportiveC.ambiguousD.opponent(4).According to Paragraph 4, which one is true?（分数：2.00）A.Gre

11、at whites are protected in Western Australia.B.Shark fin is a delicate course in both Asia and Australia.C.Some dangerous shark species are protected by federal law.D.The number of sharks in Australia has been growing in the past few years.(5).We can infer from the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.m

12、ore people die from drowning every year than from sharksB.there has not been any shark attack at Bondi beach since 1929C.attacks from sharks are rare in the past five decades in AustraliaD.incidents of shark attack often happen at the most popular beachWhen a search engine guesses what you want befo

13、re you finish typing it, or helpfully ignores your bad spelling, that is the result of machine learning, a branch of artificial intelligence. Although AI has been through cycles of hype and disappointment before, big technology companies have recently been scrambling to hire experts in the field, in

14、 the hope of building machines that can learn even more sophisticated tasks. IBM said this month it would invest $1 billion in a new division to develop uses for Watson, its computer that understands human language. But this week Google enhanced its lead in this field by paying around $660m for Deep

15、Mind Technologies, a startup in London that has yet to announce a product. The boss of DeepMind, Demis Hassabis, previously created video games such as “Evil Genius“ and “Theme Park“. DeepMinds 75 geniuses will join the worlds leading group of machine-learning experts, which Google has been assembli

16、ng in the past few years. Googles main source of income, its search engine and the accompanying ad-placement system, is driven by machine learning. The firms self-driving cars rely on it, as do the intelligent thermostats made by Nest, a firm it has just taken over, and the robots made by Boston Dyn

17、amics and other robotics outfits it has been buying. The technology is already the backbone of many other internet firms. It is why Facebook and Linkedln have that slightly creepy ability to find people you know, and why Amazon and Netflix are good at suggesting books and films you might like. It al

18、so helps intelligence agencies to identify terrorist networks. As machine learning leaves the lab and goes into practice, it will threaten white-collar, knowledge-worker jobs just as machines, automation and assembly lines destroyed factory jobs in the 19th and 20th centuries. For example, the techn

19、ique has been applied by researchers at Stanford University to tell whether a biopsy of breast cells is highly cancerous, something that until now has required a human expert to assess. Another of DeepMinds founders, Shane Legg, has predicted that artificial intelligence running wildly will be the b

20、iggest existential risk to humans in this century. Its founders have asked Google to set up an “ethics board“ to consider the appropriate use of machine learning in its products. The creator of “Evil Genius“ is ensuring that his new overlord sticks to its motto, “Dont be evil“.（分数：10.00）(1).The unde

21、rlined word “hype“ (Para. 1, Line 3) may be closest to _.（分数：2.00）A.confusionB.surpriseC.excitementD.despair(2).DeepMind Technologies is _.（分数：2.00）A.a giant like Google and IBMB.a new company that develops video gamesC.a leading technological company in AmericaD.a newly started firm that cooperates

22、 with Google(3).Google has done the following EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.gathering talents on machine-learningB.earning money from its search engineC.purchasing a large number of automatic devicesD.taking over firms like Nest and Boston Dynamics(4).Technology contributes to all EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.stealing

23、 into ones personal dataB.discovering peoples acquaintanceC.recommending good books and moviesD.confirming hacker attack for spy agencies(5).What can be learned about machine learning?（分数：2.00）A.Machine learning in the lab poses a great threat to jobs done by workers.B.Some jobs may be eaten up when

24、 machine knowledge is turned into practice.C.It can lead to development in automation and diminish all job opportunities.D.It can tell whether a biopsy of cells is cancerous without human experts.If the worlds education systems have a common focus, it is to turn out school-leavers who are proficient

25、 in maths. Governments are impressed by evidence from the World Bank and others that better maths results raises GDP and incomes. That, together with the soul-searching provoked by the cross-country PISA comparisons of 15-year-olds mathematical attainment produced by the OECD, a club of mostly rich

26、countries, is prompting educators in many places to look afresh at what maths to teach, and how to teach it. Those countries fret about how to catch up without turning students off the subject with boring drill. Top performers, most of them Asian, fear that their focus on technical proficiency does

27、not translate into an enthusiasm for maths after leaving school. And everyone worries about how to prepare pupils for a jobs market that will reward creative thinking ever more highly. Maths education has been a battlefield before: the American “maths wars“ of the 1980s pitted traditionalists, who e

28、mphasized fluency in pen-and-paper calculations, against reformers led by the countrys biggest teaching lobby, who put real-world problem-solving, often with the help of calculators, at the centre of the curriculum. A backlash followed as parents and academics worried that the “new maths“ left pupil

29、s ill-prepared for university courses in maths and the sciences. But as many countries have since found, training pupils to pass exams is not the same as equipping them to use their hard-won knowledge in work and life. Todays reformers think new technology renders this old argument redundant. They i

30、nclude Conrad Wolfram, who worked on Mathematica, a program which allows users to solve equations, visualize mathematical functions and much more. He argues that computers make rote procedures, such as long division, obsolete. “If it is high-level problem-solving and critical thinking were after, th

31、eres not much in evidence in a lot of curriculums,“ he says.（分数：10.00）(1).We can infer from the first paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.a mans salary may be higher if he is good at mathsB.maths is the most important subject in many countriesC.high scores at school are equal to great achievement at workD.t

32、eachers in rich countries know exactly how to teach maths(2).The phrase “fret about“ is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.care aboutB.pay attention toC.worry aboutD.anxious about(3).Many countries have found that _.（分数：2.00）A.teaching students to pass exams is much easierB.there are great differenc

33、es between the test and practical useC.knowledge learned at school is rarely used in work and lifeD.most pupils are ill-prepared for university courses in maths(4).Reformers think new technology is _.（分数：2.00）A.redundantB.ambivalentC.excessiveD.contributive(5).The best tide for the text may be _.（分数

34、：2.00）A.Maths Teaching: Time to ReformB.Technology: Crucial in TeachingC.Maths Teaching: A Headache in EducationD.Critical Thinking: Important in EducationWalmart is at an “ inflection point “. Those words are truer now than when Bill Simon, the head of its American operation, uttered them last Octo

35、ber. He was talking about Walmarts plan for the first time to open more small and medium-sized stores in 2014 than giant “supercentres“, and all that would mean. Now another big change looms. On February 1st the company gets a new chief executive, Doug McMillon, until now the head of its internation

36、al business. In some respects Mr. McMillon looks like a natural choice to manage a huge beast that inspires loathing and loyalty in equal measure. A native of Arkansas, Walmarts home state, he started out in one of the companys warehouses, rose as a specialist in merchandising (deciding how goods ar

37、e displayed and sold in stores) and was head of the Sams Club unit, stores where members buy in bulk. Genial and approachable, Mr. McMillon may cure the corporate problem that afflicts Walmart when it talks to its 2. 2m employees, to its giant customer base (90% of Americans shop there at least once

38、 a year) and to critics who say it pays miserly wages and sucks life out of town centres. On January 15th the National Labour Relations Board accused Walmart of sacking and disciplining workers who went on strike in 2012. Walmart says it acted lawfully and claims to promote 160,000 people a year; Mr

39、. McMillons box-shifting calluses make such claims a bit more convincing. Yet the international business, which he has led since 2009, is not thriving. This year it is expected to account for 28% of sales but it has just achieved 19% of operating income. Walmart has reduced costs in China and Brazil

40、 after expanding too fast. Confusing policies on foreign investment in retailing have hampered Walmarts push into India. Walmart is co-operating with investigations into allegations that executives in Mexico bribed officials; the inquiries have been broadened to the companys operations in India, Bra

41、zil and China. Mr. McMillon is not to blame for these setbacks, many of which date from before he took over, but neither has he brought about a turnaround.（分数：10.00）(1).The underlined phrase “inflection point“ (Para. 1, Line 1) is closest to _.（分数：2.00）A.flash pointB.turning pointC.starting pointD.f

42、inishing point(2).According to Paragraph 2, which one of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.Mr. McMillon looks like a huge beast.B.Some of Walmarts stores are about to close.C.At Sams Club, members buy in large quantities.D.In Walmart, executives are also experts in merchandising.(3).Walmart was charg

43、ed for _.（分数：2.00）A.paying miserly wagesB.going on strike illegallyC.restricting workers with disciplinesD.dismissing and punishing employees(4).Which one is NOT true about Walmarts international business?（分数：2.00）A.Mr. McMillon has taken it over since 2009.B.It accounts for 19% of Walmarts net inco

44、me.C.Its sales havent reached original expectation this year.D.Walmart has to tighten its belt in fast-expanded countries.(5).We can conclude from the last two paragraphs that _.（分数：2.00）A.McMillon failed to live up to the expectation of a “turnaround“B.McMillon is competent enough to address the is

45、sues that troubling WalmartC.McMillon is to blame for the international businesss not thrivingD.Mr. McMillon is convincing due to his calluses caused by box-shifting考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 492 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part

46、ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_解析：Next to snakes and crocs, Australians imagine sharks to be the countrys most dangerous creature. Tim Winton, an author, calls sharks “substitute for the Devil“. Seven swimmers in t

47、hree years have died from shark attacks in Mr. Wintons home state of Western Australia. The states government, led by Colin Barnett, is now taking revenge. In late November a skilled surfer died from a shark attack. A week later a shark killed a 19-year-old in New South Wales. The tragedies fed publ

48、ic anxieties. Mr. Barnett ordered no-go zones for sharks to be set up offshore, marked by lines of baited hooks. Any shark caught on them more than three metres long was to be shot. The first shark caught in this strategy was shot on January 26th. Mr. Barnett says he has to “protect the people of Western Australia“. But previously hostile popular attitudes towards sharks are shifting. Plenty of Western Australians , alo