【考研类试卷】考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷491及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 491 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_During the past two decades astonishing progress h

2、as been made in fighting infectious diseases in poor countries. Polio has almost been eradicated; malaria is being tamed; AIDS is slowly being brought under control. Yet almost unnoticed, another epidemic is raging across the developing world, this one man-made. Road crashes now kill 1.3 m people a

3、year, more than malaria or tuberculosis. On present trends, by 2030 they will take a greater toll than the two together, and greater even than AIDS. The vast majority of victims die in poor and middle-income countries1.2m in 2011, compared with 99, 000 in rich ones. For every 100,000 cars in the ric

4、h world, fewer than 15 people die each year. In Ethiopia the figure is 250 times higher. It is tempting to see the kill as the price of development. Building roads is a highly effective way of boosting growth: the World Bank finds many projects to fund that do better than its minimum acceptable econ

5、omic rate of return of 12%. In the rich world road deaths and growth went hand-in-hand for decades: the first death-by-car was in 1896 and the peak came in the 1970s. However, since then, restraints on driver? and investment in safety have slashed road deaths in the rich world by more than half. New

6、 Yorks roads are now at their safest since records began in 1910. Sweden is still some way from its stated goal of ending road deaths altogether, but in 2013 just one Swedish child under seven died in a crash. Technology such as alcolocks, which prevent drunk-driving, and self-driving cars will make

7、 roads in the rich world safer still. Governments in poor countries tend to assume that they, too, must see deaths soar before they are rich enough to think about saving lives. Aid donors and development banks may conclude that a dangerous road is better than no road at all. But the experience of ri

8、ch countries has shown that roads can be made safer cheaply and simply. And far from being an unaffordable luxury, safe roads make better economic sense than dangerous ones. Most crash victims are boys and working-age men. Their death or disability leaves families in poverty and deprives countries o

9、f their most economically valuable citizens. In medical bills, care, lost output and vehicle damage, the kill costs desperately poor countries as much as 10% of GDP.（分数：10.00）(1).The underlined word “epidemic“ (Para. 1, Line 3) may be closest to _.（分数：2.00）A.polioB.malariaC.diseaseD.death(2).Polio a

10、nd malaria are mentioned in the text to _.（分数：2.00）A.show the remarkable progress in medical treatmentB.indicate the tremendous advance in fighting diseaseC.introduce the topic of road death problemD.demonstrate the danger of infectious diseases(3).All the following can reduce road deaths EXCEPT _.（

11、分数：2.00）A.new technologyB.investment in safetyC.restrictions on driversD.building of new roads(4).We can conclude from the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.most victims of car accidents are adolescentsB.building roads is unaffordable in poor countriesC.road crashes cost most countries much of their

12、GDPD.if roads are safer in poor countries, economy may be better(5).The best title for the text may be _.（分数：2.00）A.Road Crashes: Hard to PreventB.Road: Bringing Growth or DeathC.The Unnoticed Infectious DiseaseD.The Most Serious Problem in Poor CountriesWith its sandy beaches, picturesque ruins and

13、 blue waters, the Isle of Wight is an idyllic spot off Englands southern coast. Wealthy Londoners sail their boats there. It seems odd that such a place should contain some of the worst-performing schools in England. But it does; and in this, the Isle of Wight is not quite as strange as it seems. Pr

14、ovisional figures show that in 2013 just 49% of 16-year-olds on the island got at least five C grades, including in English and maths, in GCSE exams. That is fewer than in any of Londons 32 boroughs, or indeed anywhere in the southern half of England apart from nearby Portsmouth. In the previous yea

15、r the Isle of Wight was second to bottom in the whole country. Just 23% of pupils entitled to free school meals got five decent grades, compared with a national average of 36%. In September the islands schools were deemed so bad that Hampshire County Council took them over. Part of the explanation i

16、s distinctively local. Luring good teachers to an out-of-the-way spot is hard. In 2011 the island endured a muddled transition from the sort of three-tier school system common in America, with primary, middle and secondary schools, to the two-tier one that is standard in England. But its results wer

17、e bad even before that change. The Isle of Wights real problems are structural. It suffers from three things that might appear to be advantages but are actually the opposite. The island lacks a large city; it has some, but not many, poor children; and it is almost entirely white. But these days pupi

18、ls, including poor ones, often fare better in inner cities than elsewhere. In Tower Hamlets, an east London borough that is the third most deprived place in England, children entitled to free school meals do better in GCSE exams than do all children in the country as a whole. Bangladeshis, who are c

19、oncentrated in that borough, used to perform considerably worse than whites nationally; now they do better.（分数：10.00）(1).The beaches, ruins and waters are mentioned to _.（分数：2.00）A.reveal rich Londoners lifeB.present typical English lifestyleC.introduce the topic of bad schoolsD.show a tourist attra

20、ction in England(2).According to Paragraph 2, which one is true about the Isle of Wight?（分数：2.00）A.Less than a quarter of its students enjoy free school meals.B.The rank of students performance on the island is at the bottom.C.Half of its students do well in English, maths and GCSE exams.D.There are

21、 fewer students getting at least five C grades in other areas.(3).We know from the third paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.good teachers are unwilling to teach in remote areasB.the reform of the school system on the island seems effectiveC.American school system is definitely superior to that of EnglandD.

22、there is barely difference between American and English school systems(4).The real problems of the Isle of Wight include all EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.shortage of metropolisB.existence of needy pupilsC.uniformity of skin colourD.lack of experienced teachers(5).What can be learned from the last paragraph?（

23、分数：2.00）A.Students in inner cities do better than other places in Europe.B.Bangladeshis performed worse and made little progress.C.Currently, poor students often do better in school performance.D.Tower Hamlets is an area which is full of educational resources.Every two weeks a language disappears. B

24、y 2100 nearly half of the 6,000 spoken today may be gone. Migration, either between countries or from the countryside to cities, is one reason; though new arrivals generally stick with their mother tongue, at least at home, their children rarely do. The dominance of English is another. But one tongu

25、e against the trend is Romani, spoken by 4m of the roughly 11m Roma people worldwide. Its health attests to the importance of language in shaping identity. Unlike most languages, Romani has no country to call home. Its roots lie in India, but since the 10th century its speakers have scattered and ke

26、pt moving. One result is that they are everywhere a linguistic minority. Another is that 150 different dialects are in use. “Anglo-Romani“, spoken in Britain, differs widely from dialects in France, Bulgaria and Latvia. One Roma man in New Zealand speaks a dialect previously only heard in Wales. The

27、 290,000 native Swedish speakers in Finland show no signs of dropping their languagebut it is their countrys second official one, compulsory in all schools and spoken by 9. 5m Swedes next door. Irish hangs on partly because of government spending on translating road signs and documents, broadcasting

28、, teaching and extra marks for brave students who use the tongue in their final school exams. But without a government to champion it, Romani is used mostly in the home. Academics and linguists have written it down and tried to standardise it, but many of those who speak it do not read it. America p

29、rinted a Romani guide to its 2000 census form, but that is a rarity; it almost never features in official documents. The lack of texts complicates attempts to teach it formally. Roma Kulturklass, a Swedish Romani-language school, is one of a handful in the world. Its 35 pupils study everything excep

30、t Swedish and English in both Romani and Swedish. But with few textbooks, says Angelina Dimiter Taikon, the head teacher, staff must make do with their own translations.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from the first paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.children nowadays seldom speak mother tongue at homeB.people all

31、over the world will speak just 3 000 languages by 2100C.Romani may never disappear in the near futureD.migration can to some degree make English more popular(2).Which one is true about Romani?（分数：2.00）A.Its speakers spread all over the world.B.It is spoken by a large group of people.C.It has 150 dia

32、lects, most of which have died down.D.It is widely spoken in Britain and some other countries.(3).Romani is usually used at home because _.（分数：2.00）A.people do not use dialects in publicB.it needs support from the governmentC.it never appears in official documentsD.people can only speak it but not r

33、ead it(4).Romani is hard to teach because _.（分数：2.00）A.few people have mastered itB.few people are willing to learn itC.the written language is insufficientD.the language is extremely complicated(5).The best title for the text may be _.（分数：2.00）A.Romani: Struggling to SurviveB.The History and Future

34、 of RomaniC.Romani: A Language Dying DownD.Disappearance of Minority LanguagesCigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States to warrant appropriate remedial action. It was 50 years ago this month that Americas surgeon-general sounded that warning, marking the begi

35、nning of the end of cigarette manufacturingand of smoking itselfas a respectable activity. Some 20m Americans have died from the habit since then. But advertising restrictions, smoking bans and stigma have had their effect: the proportion of American adults who smoke has dropped from 43% to 18%; smo

36、king rates among teenagers are at a record low. In many other countries the trends are similar. The current surgeon-general, Boris Lushniak, marked the half-century with a report on January 17th, declaring smoking even deadlier than previously thought. He added diabetes, colorectal cancer and other

37、ailments to the list of ills it causes, and promised “end-game strategies“ to stamp out cigarettes altogether. Were that to happen Americas three big tobacco firms, Altria, Reynolds and Lorillard, could be snuffed out , too. Public health officials plot the same fate for multinationals that supply o

38、ther markets. The hit list includes Philip Morris International (PMI), which along with Altria makes Marlboro, the top-selling global brand; Japan Tobacco; and British American Tobacco and Imperial Tobacco of Britain. They are a hardy group, unlikely to be frightened. But the methods they have used

39、to withstand a half-century of battering by regulators may be losing power. In the rich world, where the economy is stagnant, smokers are trading down to cheaper puffs. The regulatory climate in developing countries is becoming more hostile. New technologies such as e-cigarettes promise to deliver n

40、icotine less riskily. Big tobacco firms may master them, but it would be a radical shift, similar to converting the car industry from internal-combustion engines to battery power. David Adelman of Morgan Stanley, an investment bank, does not “see anything thats reversing the conventional tobacco bus

41、iness model.“ But the model needs adjustment. Some reasons for Mr. Adelmans confidence are sound. Advertising bans and the industrys status prevent would-be competitors. When cigarette-makers raise prices, smokers cough up. Global consumption keeps rising, thanks largely to population growth in poor

42、er countries. The cigarette giants indulge investors with big dividends and share buy-backs; they have flocked to tobacco share.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, it can be learned that _.（分数：2.00）A.proper medical treatment can help decrease the hazard of smokingB.the action of smoking was cons

43、idered a respectable activity 50 years agoC.the effect of restrictions on smoking can be considered remarkableD.Smoking rates among grown-ups and adolescents have not dropped obviously(2).Boris claimed that smoking _.（分数：2.00）A.has led to many fatal diseasesB.will be completely prohibited soonC.usua

44、lly results in diabetes and other illsD.may be ended in the following half-century(3).The underlined phrase “snuffed out“ (Para. 3, Line 2) means _.（分数：2.00）A.called outB.wiped outC.found outD.fallen out(4).New technologies like e-cigarettes _.（分数：2.00）A.will produce no harmful chemicalsB.will be wi

45、dely accepted in the near futureC.may be much more expensive than cigarettesD.may not easily substitute conventional tobacco(5).When the price of cigarette goes up, smokers may _.（分数：2.00）A.have a coughB.stop buying itC.be reluctant to buy itD.quit smoking at once考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 491 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：

46、90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_解析：During the past two decades astonishing progress has been made in fighting infect

47、ious diseases in poor countries. Polio has almost been eradicated; malaria is being tamed; AIDS is slowly being brought under control. Yet almost unnoticed, another epidemic is raging across the developing world, this one man-made. Road crashes now kill 1.3 m people a year, more than malaria or tube

48、rculosis. On present trends, by 2030 they will take a greater toll than the two together, and greater even than AIDS. The vast majority of victims die in poor and middle-income countries1.2m in 2011, compared with 99, 000 in rich ones. For every 100,000 cars in the rich world, fewer than 15 people die each year. In Ethiopia the figure is 250 times higher. It is tempting to see the kill as the price of development. Building roads is a hig