【考研类试卷】考研英语知识运用分类精讲商业经济类-(五)及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语知识运用分类精讲商业经济类-(五)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)How do people decide whether to trust a countrys investment climate, or the quality of its goods and services (1) , to a degree: places with skilled workers and high technology tend to make (2) stuff; countries with

2、 clear laws and clean politicians are more trustworthy. You might suspect, (3) , that plain prejudice also affects trade and capital flows. Three economists have found evidence of (4) that.As a first (5) , the trio looked at Eurobarometer surveys, which frequently ask EU citizens how much they trust

3、 people from various countries. To the authors, it is much more (6) that different countries give different answers. When two sets of people (7) a countrys reliability differently, cultural (8) may be at work. Because trading with another country may also (9) trust, the economists had to (10) out wh

4、ich causes the other. So (11) rely only on Europeans direct answers about trust, they looked at these in (12) with three long-run factors that might affect prejudicesreligion, a history of wars and widespread genetic differencesand used these to try to (13) the effects of cultural biases on trust an

5、d trade.The economists find that cultural biases do drive wide variations (14) trust among European countries. And after (15) for other factors (such as geography) that also foster trade, they claim to show that culturally driven trust does (16) trade and investment patterns. A one-standard-deviatio

6、n increase in their trust measure is (17) with a(n) (18) to trade between two countries of 30%, and a rise in bilateral foreign direct investment of as much as 75%. They also find that high education levels and more information tend to (19) these effects by correcting misconceptions about unfamiliar

7、 countries. (20) ignorance, it seems, does even more damage than free traders thought.（分数：50.00）(1).A. Supposedly B. Actually C. Objectively D. Fortunately（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. reliable B. enduring C. valuable D. appealing（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. though B. altogether C. apparently D. anyhow（分数：2.50

8、）A.B.C.D.(4).A. merely B. nearly C. precisely D. especially（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. burst B. breach C. crack D. crash（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. noteworthy B. trustworthy C. convincing D. perplexing（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. scale B. gauge C. lever D. mirror（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. prescriptions B. precautio

9、ns C. predictions D. preconceptions（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. breed B. hatch C. sow D. harbor（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. clear B. sort C. stand D. map（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. instead of B. more than C. rather than D. other than（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. agreement B. accordance C. comparison D. conjunction（分

10、数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. isolate B. detach C. remove D. reduce（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. from B. in C. with D. by（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. caring B. catering C. answering D. accounting（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. design B. frame C. model D. shape（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. associated B. acquainted C. combined D

11、. concerned（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. hike B. boost C. addition D. incentive（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. cut B. lessen C. increase D. supplement（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. For B. As C. But D. So（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.The United States is widely recognized to have a private economy because privately owned business

12、play (1) roles. The American free enterprise system (2) private ownership more than public sectors. Private businesses produce (3) goods and services, (4) almost two-thirds of the nations total economic output goes to (5) for personal use. The consumer role is (6) great, in fact, that the nation is

13、sometimes characterized as having a “ (7) economy“.This emphasis (8) private ownership arises, (9) , from American beliefs about personal freedom. From the time the nation was (10) , Americans have (11) excessive government power, and they have sought to (12) governments authority over individualsin

14、cluding its role in the economic realm.(13) Americans generally believe that an economy largely with private ownership is likely to operate more (14) than (15) with substantial government ownership. When economic forces are unfettered, Americans believe, supply and demand (16) the prices of goods an

15、d services. Prices, in tum, tell businesses what to produce; if people want more of particular goods than the economy is producing, the price of the goods (17) . That catches the attention of new or other companies that, (18) an opportunity to earn profits, start producing more (19) that goods. On t

16、he other hand, if people want less of the goods, prices fall and less competitive producers either go out of business or start producing (20) goods.（分数：50.00）(1).A. insignificant B. important C. magnificent D. respected（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. emphasizes B. praises C. evaluates D. compares（分数：2.50）A.

17、B.C.D.(3).A. major B. minor C. most D. less（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. while B. but C. although D. and（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. government B. business C. individuals D. families（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. such B. so C. very D. extremely（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. market B. people C. consumer D. plan（分数：2.50）A.B.C

18、.D.(8).A. on B. in C. with D. at（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. in effect B. in the light of C. in short D. in part（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. invented B. forged C. manufactured D. created（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. exterminated B. scared C. appreciated D. feared（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. expand B. develop C. limit

19、 D. destroy（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. However B. Nevertheless C. Additionally D. Similarly（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. powerfully B. efficiently C. sufficiently D. fundamentally（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. those B. these C. it D. one（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. order B. illustrate C. manifest D. determine（分数：2.50

20、）A.B.C.D.(17).A. falls B. raises C. rises D. climbs（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. neglecting B. overcoming C. feeling D. sensing（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. than B. of C. off D. on（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. different B. better C. qualified D. authentic（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.考研英语知识运用分类精讲商业经济类-(五)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90

21、 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)How do people decide whether to trust a countrys investment climate, or the quality of its goods and services (1) , to a degree: places with skilled workers and high technology tend to make (2) stuff; countries with clear laws and clean politicians are more t

22、rustworthy. You might suspect, (3) , that plain prejudice also affects trade and capital flows. Three economists have found evidence of (4) that.As a first (5) , the trio looked at Eurobarometer surveys, which frequently ask EU citizens how much they trust people from various countries. To the autho

23、rs, it is much more (6) that different countries give different answers. When two sets of people (7) a countrys reliability differently, cultural (8) may be at work. Because trading with another country may also (9) trust, the economists had to (10) out which causes the other. So (11) rely only on E

24、uropeans direct answers about trust, they looked at these in (12) with three long-run factors that might affect prejudicesreligion, a history of wars and widespread genetic differencesand used these to try to (13) the effects of cultural biases on trust and trade.The economists find that cultural bi

25、ases do drive wide variations (14) trust among European countries. And after (15) for other factors (such as geography) that also foster trade, they claim to show that culturally driven trust does (16) trade and investment patterns. A one-standard-deviation increase in their trust measure is (17) wi

26、th a(n) (18) to trade between two countries of 30%, and a rise in bilateral foreign direct investment of as much as 75%. They also find that high education levels and more information tend to (19) these effects by correcting misconceptions about unfamiliar countries. (20) ignorance, it seems, does e

27、ven more damage than free traders thought.（分数：50.00）(1).A. Supposedly B. Actually C. Objectively D. Fortunately（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查副词辨析。该句表达了说话人的看法或观点。文章开始提出问题人们如何决定是否要相信一个国家的投资环境或者是该国的商品和服务质量。设空处给予答案，即对于技术工人和高新技术存在的地方，通常有可信赖之处；法律明确政治清明的国家更值得信赖。从文章开始的短语 to a degree来看，作者并没有将这一观点绝对化，而是让他成为一种客观性的

28、评价。Objectively 强调基于事实，就事论事符合题意，所以本题正确答案是 C项。Supposedly“据说，传说”，Actually“真实地，事实上”，Fortunately“幸运地”。(2).A. reliable B. enduring C. valuable D. appealing（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。上文提出“人们如何信任一个国家的产品和服务”，下文提到“法律明确政治清明的国家更值得信赖”，所以这里都讲“信赖”对贸易的影响。设空处填入的形容词修饰stuff“泛指的东西”，具体指“产品”，make.stuff 指“生产产品”。故 A项

29、reliable“可信赖的，可靠的”符合题意。所以本题正确答案是 A项。enduring“持久的，耐久的”，valuable“珍贵的，贵重的”，appealing“有吸引力的，令人感兴趣的”。(3).A. though B. altogether C. apparently D. anyhow（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查上下文理解。上文提到高新技术、明确的法律、清明的政治是提高产品及投资环境信誉度的因素。考查句指出，你可能认为单纯的偏见也会影响贸易和资本流动。因此，上文是大家常考虑的客观因素，考查句提出一个不太被人注意的因素，所以两个句子存在转折关系。though 意为

30、“不过，然而”也可以移到句末，一般引出补充说明的内容，使语气变弱，表轻微的转折。所以本题正确答案是 A项。altogether“总而言之(表总结)”，apparently“看来，显然(表强调)”，anyhow“即使这样，不管怎样(表让步或强调)”。(4).A. merely B. nearly C. precisely D. especially（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查副词辨析。该句选择一个副词来修饰谓语动词 found，that 指代上文提到的“偏见也会影响贸易”的观点。该句含义是“三位经济学家找到证据来证明这一观点。precisely“精确地，恰好地”代入文中“

31、找到恰恰能证明这一点的证据”符合逻辑。所以 C项正确。merely“仅仅，只不过”，nearly“差不多，几乎”，especially“尤其是”。(5).A. burst B. breach C. crack D. crash（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。上文提到三位经济学家已经找到了“偏见影响贸易”的证据。设空处所在句子一直到结尾都在议论这些经济学家的研究和发现。因此设空处所在句子讲述的是他们最初的举动，即从研究欧盟民意调查入手。crack“裂缝，缝隙，尝试”代入文中，意为“作为最初的尝试”，符合题意，所以 C项正确。burst“突发，进发；爆裂，裂口”，br

32、each“违背，违犯；缺口，窟窿”，crash“碰撞：跌破，破产失败”。(6).A. noteworthy B. trustworthy C. convincing D. perplexing（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。根据文章可知，此处缺少一个形容词，该句指出在三位经济学家所做的调查中，不同国家的人给出不同的答案这一现象更_。从上下文得知，经济学家关注的不是每个受试对象对不同国家有多少信任程度，而是不同国家不同文化背景的人对同一国家的信任程度也不相同。所以Anoteworthy“值得注意的，重要的”符合题意。trustworthy“值得信任的，可靠的”，c

33、onvincing“令人信服的，有说服力的”，perplexing“令人不解的”。(7).A. scale B. gauge C. lever D. mirror（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。该句主语是“两组人”，空格处是谓语，宾语是“一个国家的可信程度”，根据上下文可知 B项 gauge“评价，判断；测量”符合题意。scale“改变(数量或规模)；攀登，到达顶点”，lever“(用杠杆)撬动”，mirror“反映；映照；反射”。(8).A. prescriptions B. precautions C. predictions D. preconception

34、s（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查名词辨析。该句句意是：当两组人对同一个国家的可信度做出不同的判断时，表示文化_已经在起作用。四个选项都包含 pre-(先于，在前)的前缀。preconceptions“观念，想法”指事先形成的观念，在文中表示“文化偏见、成见”符合题意。prescriptions“处方；计划，建议”，precautions“预防措施，防备”，predictions“预言，预测，预告”。(9).A. breed B. hatch C. sow D. harbor（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。上文讲到“信任程度对贸易活动产生影响”

35、，本句 also表明与上文语义的承接，即“贸易活动也会影响信任程度”。breed 用在文中表示“贸易活动引起的信任”，符合题意，所以 A项正确。hatch“(鸟、鱼、虫等)孵出；策划，密谋”，sow“播种；灌输”，harbor“窝藏，包庇；怀有(尤指负面感情或想法)”。表“怀有”时主语一般是人。(10).A. clear B. sort C. stand D. map（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查固定搭配。设空处的动词与 out构成短语，其宾语是 which引导的从句。该句意为“经济学家必须_是贸易造成信任，还是信任促进贸易”。sort out 代入文中表示“经济学家必须

36、弄清楚贸易与信任感之间的相互影响关系”，所以本题 B项正确。clear out“清空，清理”；sort out“辨别出来；整理，弄清楚”，stand out“出色；显眼，突出”，map out“(精心细致地)规划，安排”。(11).A. instead of B. more than C. rather than D. other than（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查短语辨析。设空处的连接词连接动词 rely on.，使之与下文 look at形成平行结构。rather than是连词短语，意为“不是而是”连接平行结构，填入文中表示“他们不仅仅考虑欧洲人关于信任的直接回

37、答，而是将其他长期影响偏见的因素也一起考虑”，所以 C项正确。instead of“作为的替换”，more than“比多；(程度上)更强，更多”，other than“除之外；不同于”。(12).A. agreement B. accordance C. comparison D. conjunction（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查名词辨析。设空处的名词与 in.with一起构成介词短语，在句中作状语。in conjunction with相当于 together with它在文中表示“经济学家将调查中欧洲人关于信任的直接回答与三项长期影响偏见的因素结合起来考虑”，符

38、合文意。(13).A. isolate B. detach C. remove D. reduce（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。空格处需填入动词，其宾语是“文化偏见对信任和贸易的影响”。上文已明确说明贸易和信任会相互影响，而经济学家需要弄清楚二者之间的因果关系(sort out which causes the other)，因此本句经济学家将信任调查的结果与影响偏见的多种因素结合起来考虑，其目的就是为了分离出文化偏见对信任和贸易的影响，Aisolate 符合文意。isolate“隔离。孤立；将剔出(以便看清和单独处理)”，detach“(使)分离；摆脱”，re

39、move“移开；去除，消除(不愉快的事物)”，reduce“减少，减小”。(14).A. from B. in C. with D. by（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查介词辨析。设空处的介词与 variations“变化，变异”搭配，意为：经济学家发现，文化偏见确实致使欧洲国家之间在信任方面产生很大的变化。表示“在方面的变化”时。variation可与 in或 of搭配，如：variations in pressure(压力的变化)，the variation of opinion(意见的改变)，因此 Bin 正确。(15).A. caring B. catering C

40、. answering D. accounting（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查动词辨析。设空处句子表示“经济学家在_其他因素之后，宣称文化所导致的信任感的确对贸易及投资方式产生很大的影响”。accounting for 在文中表示“经济学家先说明其他因素的影响”，符合逻辑，因此 D项正确。caring (for)“照顾，照料；深深地爱(某人)；(用于否定句)不喜欢”，catering (for)“满足需要，迎合”，answering (for)“对负责，因受到谴责”。(16).A. design B. frame C. model D. shape（分数：2.50）A.

41、B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查动词辨析。设空处主语是“文化所导致的信任感”，宾语是“贸易及投资方式”，缺少谓语。shape 可接人或物作宾语，代入文中指“信任感会深刻影响贸易及投资方式”，符合文意。而design指“设计图样，式样”，不符合题意。frame“给做框；制定，拟订(计划，体系等)”，model“做模型，复制”。(17).A. associated B. acquainted C. combined D. concerned（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。设空处填入一个动词的过去分词形式，构成 be.with结构，作句子谓语。句中 their指上文提到的

42、“经济学家”，measure 在此指“衡量信任大小的度量，信任度”。空格上文提到，文化所导致的信任感影响贸易及投资方式，空格所在句子进一步论证上文所述，说明“在信任度上一个标准差的增长，即带来相应的贸易增长”，只有 Aassociated“有关联，相关”符合题意。acquainted“熟悉，了解”，combined“结合，组合，混合”，concerned“感兴趣，关注”。(18).A. hike B. boost C. addition D. incentive（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。该句意为：增加一个标准差的信用度将与两国 30%的贸易额的_有关，下文紧

43、接着说“与双方直接投资高达 75%的增长(a rise in)有关”。所以设空处的名词应与 arise同义，与介词 to连用，表示“贸易额的增长”。boost 可以与介词 to或 in搭配，它在文中表示“信任度的增加将使贸易额增加”，所以 B项正确。hike“价格、花费等大幅提高”只与 in搭配；incentive“激励，刺激，鼓励”与 addition“添加，增加；增加物，添加物”可以与 to搭配，但不符合题意。(19).A. cut B. lessen C. increase D. supplement（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。设空处的动词接 these

44、 effects作宾语。注意这里 these effects指上文提到的 the effects of cultural biases on trust and trade。空格句意为：教育水平高和见多识广往往会减少这些因素对信任度及贸易活动的影响。A、C 项指数量上的减少或增多，supplement 指“添加以增补”，它们都不接 effect作宾语。故 B项为正确选项。(20).A. For B. As C. But D. So（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查逻辑关系。上文提到，教育水平高和见多识广可以修正文化偏见，从而减少它们对贸易活动的影响。空格所在的全文末句则指出：

45、这样看来，无知所造成的损害非常大。本句是在前文的基础上作出的评论，故 D项正确。The United States is widely recognized to have a private economy because privately owned business play (1) roles. The American free enterprise system (2) private ownership more than public sectors. Private businesses produce (3) goods and services, (4) almost

46、two-thirds of the nations total economic output goes to (5) for personal use. The consumer role is (6) great, in fact, that the nation is sometimes characterized as having a “ (7) economy“.This emphasis (8) private ownership arises, (9) , from American beliefs about personal freedom. From the time t

47、he nation was (10) , Americans have (11) excessive government power, and they have sought to (12) governments authority over individualsincluding its role in the economic realm.(13) Americans generally believe that an economy largely with private ownership is likely to operate more (14) than (15) wi

48、th substantial government ownership. When economic forces are unfettered, Americans believe, supply and demand (16) the prices of goods and services. Prices, in tum, tell businesses what to produce; if people want more of particular goods than the economy is producing, the price of the goods (17) .

49、That catches the attention of new or other companies that, (18) an opportunity to earn profits, start producing more (19) that goods. On the other hand, if people want less of the goods, prices fall and less competitive producers either go out of business or start producing (20) goods.（分数：50.00）(1).A. insignificant B. important C. magnificent D. respected（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。空格处所在句意为：人们普遍认为美国是私有制经济，因为私营经济发挥了_作用。Bimportant“重要的”，符合句意，为正确