【考研类试卷】考研英语知识运用分类精讲商业经济类-(二)及答案解析.doc

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1、考研英语知识运用分类精讲商业经济类-(二)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) estimates that, on average, each person in the United States throws out about 328 pounds of edible food each year. Food bought with the best (1) sits for weeks on end as bus

2、y consumers (2) it in the refrigerator and forget about it. And when it seems time to either eat it or (3) it, most people (4) the freshness dates (a.k.a. use by, sell by, and best if used by) printed on the packages.But, these dates dont really (5) food safety, nor do they mean (6) food is always b

3、ad. Poultry, seafood, and ground meats such as hamburger, have the shortest (7) lives. They should be (8) within two days of (9) if stored in the refrigerator. They last (10) six months in the freezer. Steak, beef, (11) , and other fresh-cut meats last a little longerthree to five days in the refrig

4、erator and six months in the freezer.The date (12) on milk products is set by the dairy. Most of the dates on dairy products are totally driven by (13) not necessarily spoilage. In general, milk lasts five to seven days after the (14) date. Eggs generally have long shelf livesthree to five weeks fro

5、m the time you take them home. Dont (15) your eggs just because theyre past the expiration date; (16) one open first. If it still smells and looks good, (17) .When you cook them, make sure you do so thoroughly. About (18) every 10, 000 eggs contains salmonella bacteria. Thorough cooking (19) salmone

6、lla. Once cooked, a boiled, (20) egg will last a week.（分数：50.00）(1).A. intentions B. interests C. explanations D. purposes（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. tick B. tuck C. take D. turn（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. test B. toll C. tease D. toss（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. decide on B. rely on C. comment on D. press on（分数

7、：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. propose B. prolong C. guarantee D. guard（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. expired B. exposed C. exhausted D. exotic（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. fresh B. expected C. stored D. shelf（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. contained B. consumed C. contaminated D. continued（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. purchase B. prod

8、uction C. process D. provision（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. on to B. next to C. up to D. about to（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. portion B. porch C. port D. pork（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. engraved B. branded C. carved D. stamped（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. appearance B. freshness C. weight D. taste（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(1

9、4).A. sell-by B. sell-after C. use-on D. use-after（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. throw in B. throw up C. throw over D. throw out（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. crash B. creep C. crisp D. crack（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. pass away B. run away C. fry away D. go way（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. under B. in C. on D. out（分数：

10、2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. promotes B. kills C. grows D. freezes（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. unpeeled B. unprepared C. untouched D. unstripped（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.Individuals and businesses have legal protection for intellectual property they create and own. Intellectual proper (1) from creative thinking and may

11、include products, (2) processes, and ideas. Intellectual property is protected (4) misappropriation. Misappropriation is taking the Intellectual property of others without (4) compensation and using it for monetary gain.Legal protection is provided for the (5) of intellectual property. The three com

12、mon types of legal protection are patents, copyrights, and trademarks.Patents provide exclusive use of inventions. If the U.S. Patent office (6) a patent, it is confirming that the intellectual property is (7) . The patent prevents others from making, using, or selling the invention without the owne

13、rs (8) for a period of 20 years.Copyrights are similar to patents (9) that they are applied to artistic works. A copyright protects the creator of an (10) artistic or intellectual work, such as a song or a novel. A copyright gives the owner exclusive rights to copy, (11) , display, or perform the wo

14、rk. The copyright prevents others from using and selling the work, the (12) of a copyright is typically the lifetime of the author (13) an additional 70 years.Trademarks are words, names, or symbols that identify the manufacturer of a product and (14) it from similar others. A service mark is simila

15、r to a trademark (15) is used to identify services. A trademark prevents others from using the (16) or a similar word, name, or symbol to take advantage of the recognition and (17) of the brand or to create confusion in the marketplace. (18) registration, a trademark is usually granted for a period

16、often years. It can be (19) for additional ten-year periods indefinitely as (20) as the marks use continues.（分数：50.00）(1).A. retrieves B. deviates C. results D. departs（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. services B. reserves C. assumptions D. motions（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. for B. with C. by D. from（分数：2.50）A.B.

17、C.D.(4).A. sound B. partial C. due D. random（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. users B. owners C. masters D. executives（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. affords B. affiliates C. funds D. grants（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. solemn B. sober C. unique D. universal（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A. perspective B. permission C. conformity D.

18、 consensus（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A. except B. besides C. beyond D. despite（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A. absolute B. alternative C. original D. orthodox（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A. presume B. stimulate C. nominate D. distribute（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A. range B. length C. scale D. extent（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A. p

19、lus B. versus C. via D. until（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A. distract B. differ C. distinguish D. disconnect（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A. or B. but C. so D. whereas（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A. identical B. analogical C. literal D. parallel（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A. ambiguity B. utility C. popularity D. proximity（分数：2

20、.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A. From B. Over C. Before D. Upon（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A. recurred B. renewed C. recalled D. recovered（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.(20).A. long B. soon C. far D. well（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.考研英语知识运用分类精讲商业经济类-(二)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：2，分数：100.00)The U.S. Department of Agric

21、ulture (USDA) estimates that, on average, each person in the United States throws out about 328 pounds of edible food each year. Food bought with the best (1) sits for weeks on end as busy consumers (2) it in the refrigerator and forget about it. And when it seems time to either eat it or (3) it, mo

22、st people (4) the freshness dates (a.k.a. use by, sell by, and best if used by) printed on the packages.But, these dates dont really (5) food safety, nor do they mean (6) food is always bad. Poultry, seafood, and ground meats such as hamburger, have the shortest (7) lives. They should be (8) within

23、two days of (9) if stored in the refrigerator. They last (10) six months in the freezer. Steak, beef, (11) , and other fresh-cut meats last a little longerthree to five days in the refrigerator and six months in the freezer.The date (12) on milk products is set by the dairy. Most of the dates on dai

24、ry products are totally driven by (13) not necessarily spoilage. In general, milk lasts five to seven days after the (14) date. Eggs generally have long shelf livesthree to five weeks from the time you take them home. Dont (15) your eggs just because theyre past the expiration date; (16) one open fi

25、rst. If it still smells and looks good, (17) .When you cook them, make sure you do so thoroughly. About (18) every 10, 000 eggs contains salmonella bacteria. Thorough cooking (19) salmonella. Once cooked, a boiled, (20) egg will last a week.（分数：50.00）(1).A. intentions B. interests C. explanations D.

26、 purposes（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。intention“意图，意向”，interest“兴趣，爱好”，explanation“解释，说明”，purpose“目的”。the best intentions 是一个固定搭配，意思是“一片好心/一片好意(尤用于事情没做成时)”。所以选择 Aintentions。文中这句话表达的意思是：消费者买食品的时候是出于良好的意愿，可是因为太忙了，把它们扔进冰箱就忘了。(2).A. tick B. tuck C. take D. turn（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。tick“用滴答声报

27、知，给标记号”，tuck“把塞进狭窄的空间，把藏入”，take“拿，取”，turn“使转动，使旋转”。根据上下文，选 Btuck，这里的意思是：忙碌的消费者把食物塞进冰箱就忘了吃。(3).A. test B. toll C. tease D. toss（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查动词辨析。test“测试，化验”，toll“向收费”，tease“戏弄，挑逗”，toss“扔，抛”。因为空格前是“eat it or”，那么空格需要填的内容必然与“eat it”相对应，而整篇文章都在讨论消费者对所购买的食品的处理，所以答案明显是 Dtoss，人们只能决定把食物吃了还是扔了，其他

28、三个动词都不适用。(4).A. decide on B. rely on C. comment on D. press on（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查短语辨析。decide on“决定，选定”，rely on“依靠，信赖”，comment on“评论，发表意见”，press on“使感到负担沉重，使紧迫，使窘迫”。这句话要表达的意思是：要决定是吃还是扔的时候，人们_包装上印的保质期等”，所以选 Brely on。括号里出现的 a.k.a.的全称是 also known as，即“又名，亦称”。(5).A. propose B. prolong C. guarantee

29、 D. guard（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。propose“提议，建议”，prolong“延长”，guarantee“保证，担保，确保”，guard“守卫，保卫，保护”。能和。food safety 搭配的只有 guarantee和 guard，而这句话的主语是 these dates，就是上文所提到的食品包装上标记的保质期等日期，these dates 不能和 guard搭配，因为 dates无法采取保护措施，于是答案是 Cguarantee。这句话的意思是：但是这些日期不能真正确保食品安全。(6).A. expired B. exposed C. exh

30、austed D. exotic（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。expired“过期的”，exposed“暴露的，易受攻击的，打开的”，exhausted“用完的，耗尽的”，exotic“外(国)来的，外国产的”。前面提到食品上标记的日期，此处选与日期有关的形容词，所以选 Aexpired。(7).A. fresh B. expected C. stored D. shelf（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查词语辨析。四个选项中，只有 shelf能和 life组成固定搭配，shelf life“(包装食品的)货架期，保存期限”，正好符合文章的意

31、思，因为整篇文章都在讨论食品的保存，所以答案是Dshelf。(8).A. contained B. consumed C. contaminated D. continued（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。contain“包含，容纳，控制”，consume“消耗，吃完，喝完”，contaminate“弄脏，污染，玷污”，continue“继续”。这里 They是指上文的“poultry, seafood, and ground meats”，这句话要表达的意思是“那些食品应该在两天内如何处理”，故 B项是唯一合适的选择。(9).A. purchase B. pro

32、duction C. process D. provision（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。purchase“购买”，production“生产”，process“过程”，provision“供应，提供”。本文的主题是消费者如何对待食品，production 和 provision这两个动作都不是消费者发出的，所以选择 Apurchase。这句话的意思是：如果放入冰箱冷藏，它们应该在购买后两天内吃完。(10).A. on to B. next to C. up to D. about to（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查短语辨析。on to“

33、了解的情况”，next to“紧靠旁边”，up to“一直到，达到，接近于”，about to“刚要，行将”。空格后是“six months”，四个选项中能与时间搭配的是up to，所以选 Cup to。(11).A. portion B. porch C. port D. pork（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查名词辨析。portion“一部分，一份”，porch“门廊”，port“港口”，pork“猪肉”。在这里出现了一个并列结构，steak，beef，待选项与 other fresh-cut meats是并列的，所以选择一种肉类即可，Dpork 是合适的选项。(12)

34、.A. engraved B. branded C. carved D. stamped（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查动词辨析。engrave“雕刻”，brand“打烙印于，加商标于”，carve“雕刻，刻”，stamp“在上盖印，盖上(字样)等”。根据常识判断，日期是印在奶制品包装上的，所以选Dstamped。(13).A. appearance B. freshness C. weight D. taste（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。appearance“出现，显露，外观”，freshness“新鲜”，weight“重量”，taste

35、“味道”。这句话的意思是：大部分日期不一定是根据食品是否变质、腐败而定的。破折号前的空格和后面的 spoilage(变质、腐败)是相对的，因此选择 Bfreshness。(14).A. sell-by B. sell-after C. use-on D. use-after（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。sell-by date“最迟销售日期”，而其他三种表达与句子意思不符，因此答案是 Asell-by。(15).A. throw in B. throw up C. throw over D. throw out（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考

36、查短语辨析。throw in“把扔进”，throw up“放弃，辞去，呕吐”，throw over“抛弃，遗弃”，一般是指断绝(与某人的)恋爱关系，throw out“抛出，扔掉(无用物)”。四个选项中与 eggs搭配最合适的是 throw out，所以选 Dthrow out。(16).A. crash B. creep C. crisp D. crack（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查动词辨析。crash“碰撞”，creep“爬行”，crisp“卷曲，使变脆”，crack“使裂开，使破裂”。空格后的 one指代 egg，英语中打鸡蛋的表达法是 crack an egg，

37、所以选择 D项。(17).A. pass away B. run away C. fry away D. go way（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查短语辨析。四个选项都有副词 away，pass away“停止，消逝，去世”，run away“跑开，逃走”，go away“走开，离去，逃走”，这三个都是固定的动词短语，而 fry away不是固定的搭配，away 指“继续不断地”，这句话的 it指代 egg，能与之搭配的是 fry away，因此答案是 C项。这句话的意思是：如果它闻起来、看上去都没问题。就把它煎了。(18).A. under B. in C. on D.

38、 out（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查介词辨析。每 1万个鸡蛋中大约有一个有沙门氏菌，这里介词应该用 in，所以选Bin。(19).A. promotes B. kills C. grows D. freezes（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。promote“促进，增进”，kill“杀死”，grow“种，使生长”，freeze“使冻结，把冻死”。这句话的意思是：把鸡蛋烧透能沙门氏菌。根据常识，选kills，B 项是正确答案。(20).A. unpeeled B. unprepared C. untouched D. unstripped（分数

39、：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。unpeeled“未剥皮(或剥壳)的”，unprepared“没有准备好的”，untouched“未触摸过的，未受损伤的”，unstripped“未剥的，未被剥夺的”。英语中剥鸡蛋是 peel an egg，相应地，没有剥壳的鸡蛋是 an unpeeled egg，所以选 Aunpeeled。Individuals and businesses have legal protection for intellectual property they create and own. Intellectual proper (1) from

40、 creative thinking and may include products, (2) processes, and ideas. Intellectual property is protected (4) misappropriation. Misappropriation is taking the Intellectual property of others without (4) compensation and using it for monetary gain.Legal protection is provided for the (5) of intellect

41、ual property. The three common types of legal protection are patents, copyrights, and trademarks.Patents provide exclusive use of inventions. If the U.S. Patent office (6) a patent, it is confirming that the intellectual property is (7) . The patent prevents others from making, using, or selling the

42、 invention without the owners (8) for a period of 20 years.Copyrights are similar to patents (9) that they are applied to artistic works. A copyright protects the creator of an (10) artistic or intellectual work, such as a song or a novel. A copyright gives the owner exclusive rights to copy, (11) ,

43、 display, or perform the work. The copyright prevents others from using and selling the work, the (12) of a copyright is typically the lifetime of the author (13) an additional 70 years.Trademarks are words, names, or symbols that identify the manufacturer of a product and (14) it from similar other

44、s. A service mark is similar to a trademark (15) is used to identify services. A trademark prevents others from using the (16) or a similar word, name, or symbol to take advantage of the recognition and (17) of the brand or to create confusion in the marketplace. (18) registration, a trademark is us

45、ually granted for a period often years. It can be (19) for additional ten-year periods indefinitely as (20) as the marks use continues.（分数：50.00）(1).A. retrieves B. deviates C. results D. departs（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查动词辨析。根据原文可知此处说的是知识产权的来源，因此 Cresults 和空格后的介词 from构成合理搭配，意思是“源于”，符合上下文意思，为正确选项。re

46、trieve 意为“重新得到，取回，收回；挽回；检索”，deviate (from)意为“背离，偏离”，depart (from)意为“离开，出发；背离，偏离”，均不符合题意。(2).A. services B. reserves C. assumptions D. motions（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。根据下文第四段中对商标和“服务标(service mark)”的相关解释，可知此处应该填入 Aservices，其意思是“服务，劳务，业务”。reserve 意为“储备(物)；保留；自然保护区”，assumption 意为“假定，臆测；担任，承担”，mot

47、ion 意为“运动；手势；提议”，均不符合文意。(3).A. for B. with C. by D. from（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查介词搭配。注意空格前面的动词是 protect，与介词 from搭配使用，意思是“保护免受/免遭”。故正确答案为 D项。for 通常表示对象，目的，功能，原因等，with 通常表示方式、工具、环境等；by 可表示时间、空间、路径、方式等，均不符合题意。(4).A. sound B. partial C. due D. random（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。根据文章意思，盗用知识产权就是不付给产权

48、所有人应该得到的赔偿，因此本空应该选择 Cdue，与后面的名词 compensation合理地搭配在一起，意为“应给的/应得的赔偿”。sound 意为“正确的；精湛的；健全的”，partial 意为“部分的；偏爱的”，random 意为“任意的：随机的”，均不符合题意。(5).A. users B. owners C. masters D. executives（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 考查名词辨析。根据原句意思，应该对知识产权的“拥有者(或者说持有人)”提供法律保护，因此本空应填入 Bowners。user 意为“用户；使用者”，master 意为“雇主；大师”，exe

49、cutive意为“主管：行政官”，均不符合题意。(6).A. affords B. affiliates C. funds D. grants（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 考查动词辨析。affords 和 grants都有“提供，给予”之意，但前者是一般用法，而原文中 U.S. Patent Office(美国专利局)是授予专利权的权威认证机构，因此后者 grants(授予；同意；准许)更符合上下文，因此 Dgrants 为正确答案。affiliate 意为“隶属于，附属于”，fund 意为“提供资金：拨款”，均不符合题意。(7).A. solemn B. sober C. unique D. universal（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 考查形容词辨析。原文所强调的是知识财产的唯一性，因此本空应该填入 Cunique，意为“唯一的，独一无二的”。solemn 意为“严肃的，庄严的”，sober 意为“未醉的；