2014年名校模拟试题分类汇编英语 专题18 阅读理解 科普类.docx

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1、2014 年名校模拟试题分类汇编英语 专题 18 阅读理解 科普类【2013 届江苏扬州中学高三最后一卷 】D(The Guardian)More UK universities should be profiting from ideasA repeated criticism of the UKs university sector is its noticeable weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network

2、 warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured, despite an annual 40m spent by the Department of Health on all kinds of research.However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does

3、not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity.When viewed

4、at the national level, the policy interventions (interference) of the past decade have helped transformed the performances of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UKs position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large variatio

5、n in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.This type of uneven distribution is not strange to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the

6、 UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities are receiving 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource

7、 concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialization work creates differences between universities.The core objective for universities which are research-led must be t

8、o maximize the impact of their research efforts. Their purpose is not to generate funds to add to the bottom line of the university or to substitute other income streams. Rather, these universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for th

9、e scale of investment, they should share their expertise (expert knowledge or skill) in order to build greater confidence in the sector.Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialization spilling out of our universities. On the evidence presen

10、ted in my report, there are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialization work.If there was a greater coordination（协调）of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous (happening at the same time) investment in the sc

11、ale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.【小题 1】67. What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization?A. They have lost their leading position in many ways.B. They still have a

12、place among the world leaders. C. They do not regard it as their responsibility.D. They fail to change knowledge into money.【小题 2】68. What does the author say about the national data on UK universities performance in commercialization?A. It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy. B. It indi

13、cates their ineffective use of government resources.C. It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way. D. It does not reflect the differences among universities.【小题 3】69. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that “policy interventions (in Paragraph 4)” refers to _.A. concentration of resources in a l

14、imited number of universitiesB. compulsory cooperation between universities and industriesC. government aid to non-research-oriented universitiesD. fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutions【小题 4】70. What dose the author suggest research-led universities do?A. Fully use

15、their research to benefit all sectors of society.B. Generously share their facilities with those short of funds.C. Advertise their research to win international recognition.D. Spread their influence among top research institutions.解析：本文介绍的是更多的英国大学应凭创意(科研成果转化成产品) 获利。【小题 1】B 推理判断题。该题问的是作者对英国大学在商业化方面的看

16、法。首段提出人们对英国大学由知识向产品服务转化过程方面的批评，第二段整体用调查数据证明首段对英国的大学的负面观点，提出英国大学在干细胞研究领域将会失去世界领先地位。但这些都并非作者观点，同时在第三段短首出现转折，然后引入作者方面的观点。可知作者观点与首二段相反，他并不认为英国失去世界领先地位。第三段末句更提出英国大学在许多商业活动方面仍领先全球。可知作者认为英国大学仍大体领先世界，总体持正面肯定态度。【小题 2】D 推理判断题。该题问的是作者对英国大学商业化表现的国家统计数据的看法。由 national data 可定位至第四段转折后， “But national data masks the

17、 very large variation in the performance of individual universities.”提到数据掩盖了单个大学之间表现的差距。masks(掩盖)同义改写为 does not reflect，variation 同义改写为 differences。【小题 3】A 词义猜测题。仅从字面意思 “政策干预”还不足以选出答案，需要结合上下文。该短语所在的第四段提到这种“政策干预”促进了英国大学整体表现的提高。但之后转折指出，英国大学个体之间存在较大差异。第五段首更是将第四段强调的现象总结为“分配不平均”(uneven distribution)。由此可知

18、这种 “政策干预”指的应是政府对一部分大学的偏向性支持，而对更多的大学则支持不够，造成资源分配不均。对应 A 选项“资源集中在少数大学手中”。【小题 4】A 该题问的是作者对研究先导型大学的建议。由 research-led universities 可定位至全文第六段。 该段中部用 rather 转折引出作者觉得这些大学应该(should)产生最广的社会、经济与环境等各方面效益(widest range)，应该分享他们的专业技术资源，让整个领域(build greater confidence in the sector)都构筑起信心，此即为建议。对应 A 选项，仅有 A 选项说“充分利用它

19、们的研究成果使各行各业收益”。B 项提到的与缺乏资金的学校分享设施、C 项提到的扩大国际影响与 D 项提到的扩大在顶级研究机构中的影响范围均太窄。答案：【小题 1】B【小题 2】D【小题 3】A【小题 4】A【2013 届江苏扬州中学高三最后一卷】CRae and Bruce Hostetler not only work very hard,they also relax just as well. Numerous vacations help the couple to maintain their health and emotional well-being 一 and its no

20、 surprise to health care professionals.“Rest, relaxation, and stress reduction are very important for peoples well-being and health. This can be accomplished through daily activities, such as exercise and meditation, but vacation is an important part of this as well,” said primary care physician Nat

21、asha Withers from One Medical Group in New York. Withers lists a decreased risk of heart disease and improved reaction time as some of the benefits from taking some time off. “We also know that the mind is very powerful and can help with healing, so a rested, relaxed mind is able to help the body he

22、al better,” said Withers.Psychologists confirm the value of vacations for the mind. “The impact that taking a vacation has on ones mental health is great,” said Francine Lederer, a clinical psychologist in Los Angeles who specializes in stress and relationship management. “Most people have better li

23、fe perspective and are more motivated to achieve their goals after a vacation, even if it is a 24- hour time-out.” The trips could be good for their health, good for their family and good for their businesses.The online travel agency Expedia conducted a survey about vacation time in 2010, and accord

24、ing to their data the average American earned 18 vacation days 一 but only used 14 of them. France topped the list, with the average worker earning 37 vacation days and using all but two of them. Americans responses may not be surprising in a culture where long hours on the job often are valued, but

25、thats not always good for the individual, the family or the employer.Psychologists have also found that people who dont take enough time to relax may find it harder to relax in the future. “Without time and opportunity to do this, the nerve connections that produce feelings of calm and peacefulness

26、become weaker, making it actually more difficult to shift into less-stressed states,” Mulhem said.【小题 1】64. How did the author introduce the topic of the text?A. By making comparisons.B. By giving an example.C. By raising questions.D. By providing data.【小题 2】65. Expedias survey shows that Americans

27、_.A. dislike family gatheringsB. have the shortest vacationC. enjoy as many vacations as the FrenchD. think much of spending long hours on the job【小题 3】66. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. One should never wait to relax.B. Work and rest go against each other.C. Time and opportunity wa

28、it for no man.D. A relaxed mind determines everything.解析：文章介绍了人们通过休假可以对思维有好的影响，得到放松，对未来的工作有好的影响。文章分析了具体的原因。【小题 1】B 推理判断题。文章的主题是假期对人们的重要性，是通过 Rae and Bruce Hostetler 的例子引出这个话题的。【小题 2】D 推理判断题。从第三段的句子 “Americans responses may not be surprising in a culture where long hours on the job often are valued 美

29、国人的反应可能是不足为奇。在美国文化中，长时间的工作常常受到人们的看重”可知美国人很重视长时间的工作。【小题 3】A 推理判断题。从最后一段的句子 “Psychologists have also found that people who dont take enough time to relax may find it harder to relax in the future.心理学家还发现不花时间去放松的人会发现将来去放松更加难以做到”可推知人们现在就应该放松自己。答案：【小题 1】B【小题 2】D【小题 3】A【2014 届四川省成都市高三摸底试题】EIn the near fut

30、ure，we may be using our eyes to operate our smart-phones and tablets，even when it comes to playing popular games like Fruit Ninja.The Gaze Group has been developing eye-controlled computer technology for nearly 20 years.But those devices have been firstly designed to help those with disabilities，and

31、 are very expensive.“After a while，we figured out that probably the best way is to go for a mass-market way， ” says Gazes Sune Alstrup Johansen.“where everybody would have this available.Johansen and some of his colleagues have formed a new company，the Eye Tribe，which is hoping to develop the techno

32、logy on a mass commercial level.The technology works with the help of the computing device toward the users face. After making sure of the users eye movements，the technology is then able to easily find where a persons eyes are moving，and then allow the eyes to control a cursor（光标）.“Our software can

33、then determine the location of the eyes and know where youre looking on the screen to make sure what youre looking at， “reads an explanation on the Eye Tribe site.There has been a gradual change toward hands-free technology in recent years， particularly in the gaming world.Recently Xbox released the

34、 Kinect device，which lets users control their Xbox and play certain games using only their hands，legs and voices. But still，most of these devices have been more of a gimmick than a practical way to use ones hand s to control a mobile device.Johansen said a replaceable filter（滤光器）would be a cheap，con

35、venient way for most consumers.And even as companies like The Eye Tribe work to create such a product for the average user, making the eye-controlle d technology more accessible and less expensive will have similar benefits for physically disabled users.For more articles on modern science，please CLI

36、CK here.47.Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?A.An introduction of a new dev ice.B.An introduction of smart-phones.C.An introduction of eye-controlling technology.D.An introduction of a new technology for the disabled.48.The underlined word“gimmick” probably means .A.a trick B.a

37、wayC.a lieD.a dream49.According to the passage，we can learn that .A.the eye-controlling technology was f irst developed for the blindB.the present developing 0f the technology will bring no goodC.there is no such a phone as we can use only with our eyes at presentD.the eye-controlling technology is

38、only intended for the disabled people50.This passage is probably taken from .A.an experiment report B.a science fictionC.a school textbookD.a science website解析：这篇短文主要介绍了未来社会的一种科技发明，用眼睛操作手机或者电脑。47.C 根据第一段 In the near future，we may be using our eyes to operate our smart-phones and tablets，及下文描述，可知本文主要

39、介绍了一种用眼睛操作手机或者电脑的技术。故选 C。48.A 联系下文 a practical way to use ones hand s to control a mobile device.描述，可知此处指的是大部分这些装置都是一个骗人的把戏。故选 A。49.C 根据短文第一段描述，可知目前我们还没有这样一部用眼镜控制的电话。故选 C。50.D 这篇短文主要介绍了未来社会的一种科技发明，用眼睛操作手机或者电脑。根据短文最后一段 For more articles on modern science，please CLICK here.描述，可知这是一篇网上的文章，故有可能来自一家科学网站。

40、选 D。答案：CACD【2014 届四川省成都市高三摸底试题 】ABeautiful cars surrounded by even more beautiful modelsits no secret why the 2012 Beijing Auto Show was popular.The exhibition was held between April 23 and May 2.Although renowned companies showed off their top models，it wasnt just their expensive sports cars that g

41、rabbed peoples attention.Concept cars are a way for designers to test out their ideas on the public with complete freedom.They can try out cars with special features that could not be massively（批量）produced easily.Designers dont have to follow industry rules；they dont even need to worry about whether

42、 their cars would be followed on the roads.At the Beijing Auto Show，theAnt by Chery was one concept car to draw a lot of attention.China Daily called itthe very definition of a concept car”.The vehicle is powered by electricity and is capable of driving itself.But the magic doesnt end there.TheAnt w

43、as inspired by actual ants.According to Car News China，with the help of automated telemetric systems，Ants are able to“see” otherAnts and compare destination information. If two are heading the same way for a while, the vehicles connect, with one cars rear (后面的)wheels matching up with the front wheel

44、s of another car.Up to 10Ants can be put together and will automatically connect to form a“train.This will help save energy while traveling, as well reducing traffic jams.The car sounds like a great idea.Further research will be needed to turn this concept car into something for the market，but conce

45、pts like Cherrys show how carmakers are working for cleaner and greener vehicles.Its like what theAnt motto says， “Exploring future human beingslifestyles”.31.The concept car is getting popular because .A.it looks like an antB.it is beautifully designedC.it is exhibited as a top modelD.it conveys a

46、new idea for the future32.How can theAnts help save energy while travelling according to the passage?A.By connecting each other and running together.B.By driving themselves without mans control.C.By comparing their destination information.D.By reducing traffic jams on the roads.33.What the designers

47、 of the concept car need to do at the Auto Show is .A.to test the safety of the concept carB.to follow the rules in the car industryC.to show their unique idea of complete freedomD.to see if concept cars can be massively produced34.The best title of the passage is .A.Concept Cars Are Driving to the

48、FutureB.TheAnt Draws a Lot of AttentionC.TheAnt Is a Top Model of Concept CarsD.Concept Cars Are Cleaner and Greener解析：这篇短文主要通过介绍了北京车展上的一种新概念的汽车,向我们展示了为了社会关于汽车设计的新思想.31.D 细节题:根据第二段 Concept cars are a way for designers to test out their ideas on the public with complete freedom.及下文描述,可知这种概念汽车主要是传达了对于

49、未来生活的新思想 .故选 D.32.A 细节题:根据倒数第二段. If two are heading the same way for a while, the vehicles connect, with one cars rear (后面的)wheels matching up with the front wheels of another car.描述,可知他们可以通过彼此连接在一起,一起前行来节约能量.故选 A.33.C 推理题:根据短文描述,可知北京车展上的概念汽车主要是展示了一种新的设计思想 ,故选 C.34.A 主旨大意题:这篇短文主要通过介绍了北京车展上的一种新概念的汽车,向我们展示了为了社会关于汽车设计的新思想,故选 A,驶向未来的概念汽车.答案：DACA【2014 届新余一中宜春中学高三联考 】C“Just take a deep breath.” “Dont think about it.” “Youre more lik