【考研类试卷】考博英语-600及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-600 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：5，分数：40.00)William, Duke of Normandy, conquered England in 1066. One of the first tasks he undertook as king was the building of a fortress in the city of London. Begun in 1066 and completed several years later by Williams son, William Ruf

2、us, this structure was called the White Tower.The Tower of London is not just one building, but an 18-acre complex of buildings. In addition to White Tower there are 19 other towers. The Thames River flows by one side of the complex and a large moat, or shallow ditch, surrounds it. Once filled with

3、water, the moat was drained in 1843 and is now covered with grass.The Tower of London is the citys most popular tourist attraction. A great deal of fascinating history has taken place within its walls. The tower has served as a fortress, royal residence, prison, royal mint, public records office, ob

4、servatory, military barracks, place of execution, and city zoo.As recently as 1941, the tower was used as a prison for Adolf Hitlers associate Rudolf Hess. Although it is no longer used as a prison, the tower still houses the crown jewels and a great deal of English history.（分数：8.00）(1).The primary

5、purpose of this passage is to _.A. discuss the future of the Tower of LondonB. discuss the ramifications of using the Tower of London as a prisonC. argue that the Tower is an improper place for crown jewelsD. describe and discuss the history of the Tower of London（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the fo

6、llowing questions is answered by the passage?A. What controversy has surrounded the Tower of London?B. How much revenue does the Tower generate for England?C. In what year did construction on the Tower of London begin?D. What is the type of stone used in the Tower of London?（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).When

7、 discussing the Tower of London the authors tone could best be described as _.A. bewildered B. objective C. overly emotional D. envious（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author would most probably agree that _.A. the Tower of London is useful only as a tourist attractionB. the Tower of London could never be b

8、uilt todayC. the Tower of London cannot generate enough revenue to justify its expensesD. the Tower of London has a complex history（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Most art enthusiasts agree that Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci is the most famous painting in the world. It is a portrait of a woman, the wife of France

9、sco del Giocondo, a wealthy Florentine businessman. The name roughly translates from Italian to mean “Madam Lisa“ and is a respectful term. Anyone who has ever viewed the painting, seasoned art critic or inexperienced museum visitor, remembers well its greatest feature Mona Lisas smile. It is this s

10、mile that has captured the imagination of the millions of visitors who have seen the painting over the years.There is something powerful and alluring contained in Mona Lisas smile that intrigues all who see it. The reason for her smile has long been the subject of discussion in the art world. But pe

11、rhaps it is the fact that no one knows why she smiles that makes Mona Lisa the most famous of all paintings. There is something so appealing and recognizably human about an unexplained smile to which everyone can relate. Furthermore, if we ever tire of analyzing why Mona Lisa smiles, we can consider

12、 how da Vinci managed to capture the smile. What could he have been thinking while painting? A genuine smile is hard to capture even in a photograph with a modern camera, yet Leonardo da Vinci managed to capture this subtle expression m a painting. It is amazing that da Vinci was able to create for

13、eternity a frozen picture of a smile that in reality lasts less than an instant.The painting now hangs in the Musee du Louvre in Paris, France. Several different owners have possessed it at various times throughout history, including Louis and Napoleon. It was even temporarily in the possession of a

14、 former museum employee who stole it in 1911. He was caught in 1913. It is likely that all who held the painting at one time or another wondered about the Mona Lisa smile, just as todays museum visitors do. Now the painting officially belongs to the French government. In some ways, though, it is rea

15、lly a painting (and a mystery) that belongs to the world.（分数：8.00）(1).Which of the following best expresses the authors attitude toward the painting?A. It should be well protected so that it is not stolen again.B. It is difficult to preserve such old masterpieces.C. Its greatest appeal is the myster

16、y surrounding it.D. There will never be a painter as great as Leonardo da Vinci again.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following is a fact from the passage?A. A good smile lasts only a few seconds.B. There is tremendous mystery surrounding which painter created Mona Lisa.C. Napoleon donated Mona Li

17、sa to the Musee du LouvreD. There has been some focus on Mona Lisas smile in artistic communities.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The author implies which of the following?A. A painting can be owned, but the powerful effect of a work of art is available to everyone who sees it.B. Leonardo da Vinci was hiding a

18、 secret that he wished to reveal through his painting.C. Mona Lisa has caused much turmoil in the art world due to its peculiar details.D. The Musee du Louvre does not have proper equipment in place for capturing modern criminals.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The authors tone can best be described as _.A. ap

19、preciative B. investigative C. artistic D. confused（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.The first old “horseless carriage“ of the 1880s may have been worthy of a snicker or two, but not the cars of today. The progress that has been made over the last one hundred years has been phenomenal. In fact, much progress was mad

20、e in the first twenty yearsin 1903, cars could travel at 70 miles per hour. The major change from the old cars to today is the expense. Whereas cars were once a luxury that only the very wealthy could afford, today, people of all income levels own cars.In fact, there are so many cars that if they we

21、re to line up end to end, they would touch the moon. Cars are used for everyday transportation for millions of people, for recreation, and for work. Many peoples jobs depend on carspolice officers, health care workers, and taxi drivers all rely on automobiles.One thing that hasnt changed is how cars

22、 are powered. The first cars ran on gas and diesel fuel just as the most modern ones do. The new cars, however, are much more fuel efficient and much research is devoted to saving fuel and finding new sources of energy for cars.（分数：8.00）(1).Which of the following is answered by the passage?A. What a

23、re some ways people use cars?B. Why did people laugh at the “horseless carriage“?C. Where will the fuels of the future come from?D. When will cars become even more efficient?（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The passage is primarily concerned with _.A. the problem of fuel consumptionB. the difficulty of drivingC

24、. the invention of the carD. the development of the car from the past to now（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, scientists devote much of their research today to _.A. making cars faster B. making more carsC. making cars more affordable D. making cars more fuel efficient（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4

25、).The author would most likely agree that _.A. cars are incredibly useful to many different sorts of peopleB. the problems we face in the future are very importantC. cars are more trouble than they are worthD. early car owners were all snobs（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.The term “tides“ has come to represent the

26、 cyclical rising and failing of ocean waters, most notably evident along the shoreline as the border between land and sea moves in and out with the passing of the day. The primary reason for this constant redefinition of the boundaries of the sea is the gravitational force of the moon.This force of

27、lunar gravity is not as strong as Earths own gravitational pull, which keeps our bodies and our homes from being pulled off the ground, through the sky, and into space toward the moon. It is a strong enough force, however, to exert a certain gravitational pull as the moon passes over Earths surface.

28、 This pull causes the water level to rise(as the water is literally pulled, ever so slightly, toward the moon) in those parts of the ocean that are exposed to the moon and its gravitational forces. When the water level in one part of the ocean rises, it must naturally fall in another, and this is wh

29、at causes water levels to change, dramatically at times, along any given piece of coastline.（分数：8.00）(1).Which of the following is the most obvious effect of the tides?A. A part of the beach that was once dry is now under water.B. Floods cause great damage during heavy rainstorms.C. The moon is not

30、visible.D. Water falls.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “lunar“ in the first sentence of paragraph2 most nearly means _.A. weak B. strong C. destructive D. related to the moon（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).It can be inferred from the passage that if one were to travel to the moon, _.A. water would be found on it

31、s surfaceB. an object, if dropped, would float away from the surface of the moonC. other planets besides the moon have influence on the tides of Earths oceansD. an object, if dropped, would fall to the moon s surface（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The authors primary purpose in writing this passage is to _.A.

32、prove the existence of water on the moonB. refute claims that tides are caused by the moonC. explain the main cause of the oceans tidesD. argue that humans should not interfere with the processes of nature（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital produces the best patient care possible. If we

33、 are to solve the nursing shortage, hospital administration and doctors everywhere would do well to follow Beth Israels example.At Beth Israel each patient is assigned to a primary nurse who vistits at length with the patient and constructs a full-scale health account that covers everything from his

34、 medical history to his emotional state. Then she writes a care plan centered on the patients illness but which also includes everything else that is necessary.The primary nurse stays with the patient through his hospitalization, keeping track with his progress and seeking further advice from his do

35、ctor. If a patient at Beth Israel is not responding to treatment, it is not uncommon for his nurse to propose another approach to his doctor. What the doctor at Beth Israel has in the primary nurse is a true colleague.Nursing at Beth Israel also involves a decentralized nursing administration: every

36、 floor, every unit is a self-contained organization. There are nurse-managers instead of head nurses; in addition to their medical duties they do all their own hiring and dismissing, employee advising, and they make salary recommendations. Each units nurses decide among themselves who will work what

37、 shifts and when.Beth Israels nurse-in-chief ranks as an equal with other vice president of the hospital. She also is a member of the Medial Executive Committee, which in most hospitals includes only doctors.（分数：8.00）(1).Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of the nursing syste

38、m at Beth Israel Hospital?A. The doctor gets more active professional support from the primary nurse.B. Each patient is taken care of by a primary nurse day and night.C. The primary nurse writes care plans for every patient.D. The primary nurse keeps records of the patients health conditions every d

39、ay.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred from the passage that _.A. compared with other hospitals nurses at Beth Israel Hospital are more patientB. in most hospitals patient care is inadequate from the professional point of viewC. Nursing at Beth Israel Hospital is still not enoughD. As to Beth Is

40、rael Hospital, there is a long way to go（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A primary nurse can propose a different approach of treatment when _.A. the present one is refused by the patientB. the patient complains about the present oneC. the present one proves to be ineffectiveD. the patient is found unwilling to

41、cooperate（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The main difference between a nurse manager and a head nurse is that the former _.A. is a member of the Medical Executive Committee of the hospitalB. has to arrange the work shifts of the units nursesC. can make decisions concerning the medical treatment of a patientD.

42、has full responsibility in the administration of the units nurses（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.二、Part Cloze(总题数：1，分数：10.00)One of the basic characteristics of capitalism is the private ownership of the major means of productioncapital. The ownership of large amounts of capital can bring (21) profits, as well as

43、economic and political power. Some recent theorists, (22) , have argued that our society has moved to a new stage of (23) that they call “postindustrial“ society. One important change in such a society is that the ownership of (24) amounts of capital is no longer the only or even the most important

44、(25) of profits and influence; knowledge as well as (26) capital brings profits and influence.There are many (27) with the thesis above, not the least of (28) is that wealthy capitalists can buy the experts and knowledge they need to keep their profits and influence. But this does not (29) the impor

45、tance of knowledge in an advanced industrial society, as the (30) of some new industries indicates. (31) , genetic engineering and the new computer technology have (32) many new firms and made some scientists quite rich. In (33) with criticism of the postindustrial society thesis, however, it must a

46、lso be (34) that those already in control of huge amounts of capital (i. e. , major corporations) soon (35) to take most profits in these industries based on new knowledge.Moving down from the level of wealth and power, we still find knowledge increasingly (36) . Many new high-tech jobs are being cr

47、eated at the upper-middle-class level, but even more new jobs are being created in the low-skill, low-paying service (37) Something like a caste line is emerging centered around knowledge. Individuals who fall too far behind in the (38) of knowledge at a young age will find it almost impossible to c

48、atch later, no matter how hard they try. Illiteracy in the English language has been a severe (39) for many years in the United States, but we are, also moving to the point when computer illiteracy will hinder many more people and (40) them to a life of low-skill and low-paid labor.（分数：10.00）(1).A.

49、quantitative B. extensive C. c0mprehensve D. sophisticated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A. moreover B. however C. therefore D. nevertheless（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A. aggression B. proficiency C. productivity D. evolution（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A. dominant B. impressive C. magnificent D. significant（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A. source B. factor C. component D. element（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A. adequate B. profitable C. material D. spiritual（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A. adantages B. consequences C. problems D. potentials（分数：0