【考研类试卷】考博英语-59及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-59 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数：5，分数：100.00)1.Directions: “The purpose of education should be to create an academic environment that is separate from the outside world. This kind of environment is ideal because it allows students to focus on important ideas without being held back b

2、y practical concerns. “Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Write an essay of no less than 200 words to explain your opinions on this issue. （分数：20.00）_2.Directions: You are asked to write an essay on the following topic: Many universities and colleges offer qualification: through some sort

3、 of distance learning using the Internet, rather than by face-to-face contact in a classroom.In your opinion, do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages of learning in this way? You should write at least 250 words. You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and sup

4、port your arguments with examples and relevant evidence. （分数：20.00）_3.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 45 minutes to write a composition entitled On Fabricating Academic Credentials. You should write at least 200 words according to the following guidelines (given in Chinese): On Fabricatin

5、g Academic Credentials 1现在学历造假现象非常猖獗 2分析这一现象的原因 3如何根除这一现象 （分数：20.00）_4.Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then write a summary of it in English in about 120 words. There is extraordinary exposure in the United States to the risk of injury and death from motor vehicle accidents. Mor

6、e than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars or light trucks and each of these is driven an average of more than 11,000 miles each year. Almost one-half of fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.1 percent or higher. For the average adult, over five ounces of

7、80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short period of time to attain these levels. A third of drivers who have been drinking, but fewer than 4 percent of all drivers, demonstrate these levels. Although less than 1 percent of drivers with BAC“s of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal

8、 crashes, the probability of their involvement is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in their blood. There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which intoxication plays a role. Based on the observation that excessive consumption correlates with the total alcohol c

9、onsumption of a country“s population, it has been suggested that higher taxes on alcohol would reduce both. While the heaviest drinkers would be taxed the most, anyone who drinks at all would be penalized by this approach. To make drinking and driving a criminal offense is an approach directed only

10、at intoxicated drivers. In some states, the law empowers police to request breath test of drivers cited for any traffic offense and elevated BAC can be the basis for every arrest. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates, however, that even with increased arrests, there are about

11、 700 violations for every arrest. At this level there is little evidence that laws serve as deterrents to drinking while intoxicated. In Britain, motor vehicle fatalities fell 25 percent immediately following implementation of the Road Safety Act in 1967. As Britishers increasingly recognized that t

12、hey could drink and not to be stopped, the effectiveness declined, although in the following three years the fatality rate seldom reached that observed in the seven years prior to the Act. （分数：20.00）_5.Direction: Read the following paragraph and then write a response paper of about 250 to 300 Englis

13、h words. In China, minimum wage becomes higher in many places. But people disagree over its benefits and drawbacks. Supporters say it increases the worker“s standard of living, while opponents say it increase unemployment. What do you think? （分数：20.00）_考博英语-59 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Writing(总题数

14、：5，分数：100.00)1.Directions: “The purpose of education should be to create an academic environment that is separate from the outside world. This kind of environment is ideal because it allows students to focus on important ideas without being held back by practical concerns. “Do you agree or disagree

15、with this statement? Write an essay of no less than 200 words to explain your opinions on this issue. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：On the Purpose of EducationOver the decades, people are always debating on the purpose of education and the role of universities. Some people think the university should shoulde

16、r the responsibility to create a 100 percent pure academic environment for its students and keep them away from the influence of the society, whatever there are positive ones or negative ones. However, I am holding an opposite opinion against theirs. In our long life, education is a necessary proces

17、s towards the path of an occupation. We cannot hide ourselves in school forever, except teachers and professors who are devoted to academic research. Since most of us need to survive in the fierce competition in the real world, I believe one of the most important responsibilities for universities is

18、 to teach us how to survive through enhancing our skills and increasing our professional knowledge. If we are kept in an ivory tower and never think of our future, how can we fit for work and the society? It is impossible for us to completely adapt to the society the moment we get out of the ivory t

19、ower. Of course, universities should create a good academic atmosphere for all the students, so that we can learn more knowledge and keep improving themselves. However, I do not think we should be isolated from the outside world and grow up in the ivory tower. As long as we can learn more practical

20、skills and well prepare ourselves, we can live a better life beyond the university and become useful people for the society and even the whole world.2.Directions: You are asked to write an essay on the following topic: Many universities and colleges offer qualification: through some sort of distance

21、 learning using the Internet, rather than by face-to-face contact in a classroom.In your opinion, do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages of learning in this way? You should write at least 250 words. You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your ar

22、guments with examples and relevant evidence. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：Online Learning Never Outweigh Face-to-face LearningWith the development of internet technology, many educational institutions including some colleges and universities begin to provide online courses for those who cannot or are not wi

23、lling to attend the class. Undoubtedly, it is very convenient for people, especially those in remote areas to learn knowledge. They neither need to move into the same city or county nor quit their jobs. However, in my opinion, the traditional way of learning is much better than the online learning.

24、First, distance learning does not always offer all the necessary courses online. It is possible for you to take a history course online, however, you cannot perform nursing clinicals online. Such courses can only be completed by you attending the class regularly. However, you can learn any course yo

25、u want if you go to college. Beside a wider choice for courses, you can enjoy a systematical lecture and engage in practice if necessary, thus, you can learn much more knowledge and get a deeper understanding. Second, distance learning does not offer immediate feedback. Some online learning courses

26、do not provide services of answering to the learners or reviewing their work. So, if they have any question about the course, they have nobody to turn to. Even if some online courses provide such services, the learners have to wait for feedbacks. However, in a traditional classroom setting, teachers

27、 can directly and immediately asses a student“s performance through questions and informal testing. In a word, the traditional way of face-to-face learning in a classroom can avoid the problems caused by online learning. The students can learn much more knowledge and improve the learning efficiency

28、in a classroom. Thus, I strong recommend that anyone who really wants to learn something should register in a college and systematically study it in the classroom, rather than taking a course on the internet.3.Directions: For this part, you are allowed 45 minutes to write a composition entitled On F

29、abricating Academic Credentials. You should write at least 200 words according to the following guidelines (given in Chinese): On Fabricating Academic Credentials 1现在学历造假现象非常猖獗 2分析这一现象的原因 3如何根除这一现象 （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：On Fabricating Academic CredentialsMoney warship has influenced not only the soci

30、ety, but also the academic circles, which should be the last pure land in China. Under the impact, both professors and famous scholars and college students are involved in scandal of fabrication. Such phenomenon has damaged the reputation of themselves, their universities and even the Chinese academ

31、ic circles, thus, fabricating academic credentials should be forbidden and anyone who involve in it should be severely punished. There are some reasons contributing to this phenomenon. First, the competition becomes fiercer in the academic circle. Higher education means high position and quick promo

32、tion. Thus, people are motivated to fabricate their academic credentials. And second, some positions, especially research positions require the candidates to have a doctoral degree. In order to get these positions, some people are engaged in fabricating academic credentials, because it is easier to

33、fabricate than to spend four years or longer time in pursuing a degree. To avoid such phenomenon, the government should issue policies to support people to accept higher education and punish those who want to take a short cut. And colleges and universities should create a good environment for their

34、faculty and students, so that they can devote themselves to research and finish their education, successfully getting their degrees. What“s most important is that individuals should work hard to ensure them to graduate from high school and universities. In a word, fabricating academic credentials sh

35、ould never be tolerated. To protect other“s interest and preserve academic integrity, the government, colleges and universities and individuals all shoulder the responsibility to create a pure environment.4.Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then write a summary of it in English in

36、 about 120 words. There is extraordinary exposure in the United States to the risk of injury and death from motor vehicle accidents. More than 80 percent of all households own passenger cars or light trucks and each of these is driven an average of more than 11,000 miles each year. Almost one-half o

37、f fatally injured drivers have a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.1 percent or higher. For the average adult, over five ounces of 80 proof spirits would have to be consumed over a short period of time to attain these levels. A third of drivers who have been drinking, but fewer than 4 percent o

38、f all drivers, demonstrate these levels. Although less than 1 percent of drivers with BAC“s of 0.1 percent or more are involved in fatal crashes, the probability of their involvement is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in their blood. There are a number of different approaches to reduc

39、ing injuries in which intoxication plays a role. Based on the observation that excessive consumption correlates with the total alcohol consumption of a country“s population, it has been suggested that higher taxes on alcohol would reduce both. While the heaviest drinkers would be taxed the most, any

40、one who drinks at all would be penalized by this approach. To make drinking and driving a criminal offense is an approach directed only at intoxicated drivers. In some states, the law empowers police to request breath test of drivers cited for any traffic offense and elevated BAC can be the basis fo

41、r every arrest. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates, however, that even with increased arrests, there are about 700 violations for every arrest. At this level there is little evidence that laws serve as deterrents to drinking while intoxicated. In Britain, motor vehicle fata

42、lities fell 25 percent immediately following implementation of the Road Safety Act in 1967. As Britishers increasingly recognized that they could drink and not to be stopped, the effectiveness declined, although in the following three years the fatality rate seldom reached that observed in the seven

43、 years prior to the Act. （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：There is extraordinary exposure in the United States to the risk of injury and death from motor vehicle accidents. It may be led by a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.1 percent or higher tested in almost one-half of fatally injured drivers. The pro

44、bability of their involvement is 27 times higher than for those without alcohol in their blood. There are a number of different approaches to reducing injuries in which intoxication plays a role, one of which is to increase the taxes on alcohol. Furthermore, to make drinking and driving a criminal o

45、ffense is an approach directed only at intoxicated drivers, but the fact is that there is little evidence that laws serve as deterrents to drinking while intoxicated.5.Direction: Read the following paragraph and then write a response paper of about 250 to 300 English words. In China, minimum wage be

46、comes higher in many places. But people disagree over its benefits and drawbacks. Supporters say it increases the worker“s standard of living, while opponents say it increase unemployment. What do you think? （分数：20.00）_正确答案：()解析：Minimum wage in ChinaTo counter domestic inflation, several provinces i

47、n China have increased their minimum wage. But people disagree over its pros and cons. Proponents of raising the minimum wage think that it increases the standard of living of workers, reduces poverty, and forces businesses to be more efficient. Objectors think that if it is high enough to be effective,