【考研类试卷】考博英语-596及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-596 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The crucial years of the Depression, as they are brought into historical focus, in creasingly emerge as the decisive decade for American art, if not for American culture in general. For it was during this

2、decade that many of the conflicts which had blocked the progress of American art in the past came to a head and sometimes boiled over. Janus-faced, the thirties look backward, sometimes as far as the Renaissance; and at the same time forward, as far as the present and beyond. It was the moment when

3、artists, like Thomas Hart Benton, who wished to turn back the clock to regain the virtues of simpler times came into direct conflict with others, like Stuart Davis and Frank Lloyd Wright, who were ready to come to terms with the Machine Age and to deal with its consequences.America in the thirties w

4、as changing rapidly. In many areas the past was giving way to the present, although not without a struggle. A predominantly rural and small town society was being replaced by the giant complexes of the big cities; power was becoming increasingly centralized in the federal government and in large cor

5、porations. As a result, traditional American types such as the independent farmer and the small businessman were being replaced by the executive and the bureaucrat. Many Americans, deeply attached to the old way of life, felt disinhereited. At the same time, as immigration decreased and the populati

6、on became more homogeneous, the need arose in art and literature to commemorate the ethnic and regional differences that were fast disappearing. Thus, paradoxically, the conviction that art, at least, should serve some purpose or carry some message of moral uplift grew stronger as the Puritan ethos

7、lost its contemporary reality. Often this elevating message was a sermon in favor of just those traditional American virtues which were now threatened with obsolescence in a changed social and political context.In this new context, the appeal of the paintings by the Regionalists and the American Sce

8、ne painters often lay in their ability to recreate an atmosphere that glorified the traditional American valuesself-reliance tempered with good-neighborliness, independence modified by a sense of community, hard work rewarded by a sense of order and purpose. Given the actual temper of the times, the

9、se themes were strangely anachronistic, just as the rhetoric supporting political isolationism was equally inappropriate in an international situation soon to involve America in a second world war. Such themes gained popularity because they filled a genuine need for a comfortable collective fantasy

10、of a God-fearing, white-picket-fence America, which in retrospect took on the nostalgic appeal of a lost Golden Age.In this light, an autonomous art-for-arts sake was viewed as a foreign invader liable to subvert the native American desire for a purposeful art. Abstract art was assigned the role of

11、the villainous alien; realism was to personify the genuine American means of expression. The argument drew favor in many camps: among the artists, because most were realists; among the politically oriented intellectuals, because abstract art was apolitical; and among museum officials, because they w

12、ere surfeited with mediocre imitations of European modernism and were convinced that American art must develop its own distinct identity. To help along this road to self-definition, the museums were prepared to set up an artificial double standard, one for American art, and another for European art.

13、 In 1934, Ralph Flint wrote in Art News, “We have today in our midst a greater array of what may be called second, third, and fourth-string artists than any other country. Our big annuals are marvelous outpourings of intelligence and skill; they have all the diversity and animation of a fine-ring ci

14、rcus. /（分数：20.00）(1).According to the passage, in the 1930s, abstract art was seen as _.A. uniquely American B. uniquely EuropeanC. imitative of European modernism D. counter to American regionalism（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The second paragraph deals mainly with _ in America.A. the rapid growth of urban

15、populationB. the impact of industrialization on rural lifeC. the disappearance of traditional valuesD. the changing scenes in religion and politics（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, the best word to describe America in the 1930s would be _.A. reactionary B. consistent C. dynamic D. melan

16、cholic（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).“The artificial standard“ (Paragraph 4) refers to the difference between standards of judgement for _.A. realism and abstract artB. politically oriented intellectuals and museum officialsC. European art and American artD. landscape painting and abstract painting（分数：4.00）A.

17、B.C.D.(5).The best choice for the title of the passage would be _.A. The Thirties in Art Reaction and RebellionB. America in the Thirties: A Changing TimeC. Thomas Hart Benton and RegionalismD. American Means of Expression（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.三、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)There are a number of formats for rep

18、orting research, such as articles to appear in journals, reports addressed to funding agencies, theses or dissertations as part of the requirements for university degrees, and papers to be presented at conferences. These formats differ from one another mostly in their purposes and the audiences whom

19、 they address. We will now briefly describe them.The journal article is a way of reporting research for professional journals or edited collections. The research is reporting in a brief, yet informative way, focusing mostly on the main features of the research such as the purpose, review of the lite

20、rature (often referred to as “background“), procedures used for carrying out the research accompanied by tables, charts, and graphs, and interpretations of the results (often referred to as discussion).The content and emphasis of the journal article will vary according to the intended readers (resea

21、rch or practitioners) and it is important for the researcher to be aware of the background and interest of the readers of the journal. Articles intended to be read by practitioners will emphasize the practical implications and recommendations of the research, while articles intended to be read by re

22、searchers will describe in detail the method used to collect data, the construction of data collection procedures, and the techniques used for analyzing the data. It is important for the novice researcher to be aware of the fact that articles submitted to journals go through a process of evaluation

23、by experts who make a judgment and recommend whether they should be published or not.The thesis or dissertation is a format for reporting research which graduate students write as part of fulfilling the requirements for an advanced academic degree. The student is expected to describe in great detail

24、 all the phases of the research so it can be examined and evaluated carefully by the reader. Thus the thesis or dissertation includes the purpose and significance of the study, the rationale, a thorough review of the literature, detailed information as to the research tools and the procedures involv

25、ed in their development, a description of data analysis and the results, and an interpretation of the results in the form of conclusions, implications, and recommendation. This detailed description of the process of the research is needed to provide the professors with an indication of the students

26、ability to carry out research.The conference paper is a way of reporting research at conferences, seminars and colloquia. At such meetings research papers are usually presented orally. They are similar to the research article since research is reported in a concise, yet informative way, focusing on

27、the most essential elements of the research. Handouts and transparencies can also accompany the presentations. As with the research article, here too, the content and emphasis of the oral report will depend to a large extent on the type of audience present at the meeting, and whether they are resear

28、chers or practitioners.（分数：20.00）(1).The best title for this passage could be _.A. Types of Research Reports B. Types of Journal ArticlesC. Writing of Research Reports D. Writing of Different Articles（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The common aspect for the journal articles, theses and conference papers lies i

29、n that _.A. they are all for the practitioners B. they are all to be read by researchersC. they are all for being published D. they are all forms of reporting research（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).We can distinguish those research reports from each other mainly through _.A. their writing style and length B.

30、their aims and possible audiencesC. their presented places and time D. their content and purposes（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statements is not mentioned in this passage?A. Both journal articles and conference papers are reported in a brief and informative way.B. All the theses or dis

31、sertations and conference papers are reported in spoken languages.C. Both the journal articles and conference papers are influenced greatly by the intended receivers.D. The various formats of research reports may be presented in different ways.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).How can a professor evaluate a stud

32、ents capability of implementing the research?A. By concentrating on the main factors like the purpose, background, procedures and discussion.B. By emphasizing the practical implications and recommendations of the research.C. By focusing on the detailed description of the process of the research such

33、 as the tools, procedures, the process of data analysis, the results, and conclusions etc.D. By noticing the detailed method used to collect the data, the construction of the data collection procedures, the techniques for analyzing the data and results etc.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.四、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Th

34、e discovery of the Antarctic not only proved one of the most interesting of all geographical adventures, but created what might be called “the heroic age of Antarctic exploration“. By their tremendous heroism, men such as Shakleton, Scott, and Amundsen caused a new continent to emerge from the shado

35、ws, and yet that heroic age, little more than a century old, is already passing. Modern science and inventions are revolutionizing the endurance; future journeys into these icy wastes will probably depend on motor vehicles equipped with caterpillar traction rather than on the dogs that earlier disco

36、verers found so invaluable and hardly comparable.Few realize that this Antarctic continent is almost equal in size to South America, and enormous field of work awaits geographers and prospectors. The coasts of this continent remain to be accurately charted, and the mapping of the whole of the interi

37、or presents a formidable task to the cartographers who undertake the work. Once their labors are completed, it will be possible to prospect the vast natural resources which scientists believe will furnish one of the largest treasure hoards of metals and minerals the world has yet known, and almost i

38、nexhaustible sources of copper, coal, uranium, and many other ores will become available to man. Such discoveries will usher in an era of practical exploitation of the Antarctic wastes.The polar darkness which hides this continent for the six winter months will be defeated by huge batteries of light

39、, and make possible the establishing of air-fields for the future inter-continental air services by making these areas as light as day. Present flying routes will be completely changed, for the Antarctic refueling bases will make flights from Australia to South America comparatively easy over the 5,

40、000 miles journey.The climate is not likely to offer an insuperable problem, for the explorer Admiral Byrd has shown that the climate is possible even for men completely untrained for expeditions into those frozen wastes. Some of his parties were men who had never seen snow before, and yet he record

41、s that they survived the rigors of the Antarctic climate comfortably, so that, provided that the appropriate installations are made, we may assume that human beings from all countries could live there safely. Byrd even affirms that it is probably the most healthy climate in the world, for the intens

42、e cold of thousands of years has sterilize this continent, and rendered it absolutely germfree, with the consequences that ordinary and extraordinary sickness and diseases from which man suffers in other zones with different climates are here utterly unknown. There exist no problems of conservation

43、and preservation of food supplies, for the latter keep indefinitely without any signs of deterioration; it may even be that later generations will come to regard the Antarctic as the natural storehouse for the whole world.Plans are already on foot to set up permanent bases on the shores of this cont

44、inent, and what so few years ago was regarded as a “dead continent“ now promises to be a most active center of human life and endeavor.（分数：20.00）(1).When did man begin to explore the Antarctic?A. About 100 years ago. B. In this century.C. At the beginning of the 19th century. D. In 1798.（分数：4.00）A.B

45、.C.D.(2).What must the explorers be, even though they have modern equipment and techniques?A. Brave and tough. B. Stubborn and arrogant.C. Well-liked and humorous. D. Stout and smart.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The most healthy climate in the world is _.A. in South America. B. in the Arctic Region.C. in th

46、e Antarctic Continent. D. in the Atlantic Ocean.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What kind of metals and minerals can we find in the Antarctic?A. Magnetite, coal and ores. B. Copper, coal and uranium.C. Silver, natural gas and uranium. D. Aluminum, copper and natural gas.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is planned for

47、 the continent?A. Building dams along the coasts.B. Setting up several summer resorts along the coasts.C. Mapping the coast and whole territory.D. Setting up permanent bases on the coasts.（分数：4.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Benjamin Radford, managing editor of The Skeptical Inquirer magazine, o

48、ffers hundreds of examples of deceptive practices in journalism, advertising, political activism, public relations, and charity appeals. The real danger to the public, he insists, comes not from outright lies about events or individuals, because in most cases facts can ultimately be proven and mista

49、kes corrected. But the emotional power of images, sound bites, and slogans can exert deep and lasting influence on our opinions and behavior as consumers, voters, and citizens.The detailed coverage of violent crimes dominating local TV news shows seldom includes any larger context. The cumulative impression left in the minds of viewers is that violent crime is rampant and on the rise. As a result, many people live in fear and many more support the idea of ever-larger police forces, tougher laws, and bigger prisons without considering the actua