【考研类试卷】考博英语-23及答案解析.doc

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1、考博英语-23 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BVocabulary/B(总题数：40，分数：100.00)1.It is _ of you to turn down the radio while your sister is still ill in bed. A. considerable B. considerate C. concerned D. careful（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.2.According to the weather forecast, which is usually _, it will rain this afterno

2、on. A. exact B. precise C. perfect D. accurate（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.3.When he applied for a _ in the office of the local newspaper he was told to see the manager. A. location B. profession C. career D. position（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.4.Dogs are often praised for their _, they almost never abandon their masters.

3、 A. faith B. loyalty C. trust D. truthfulness（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.5.He believed that the greatest of his _ was that hed never had a college education. A. griefs B. misfortunes C. disasters D. sorrows（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.6.The most _ technological success in the twentieth century is probably the computer rev

4、olution. A. prominent B. prosperous C. solemn D. prevalent（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.7.Being somewhat short-sighted, she had the habit of _ at people. A. glancing B. peering C. gazing D. scanning（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.8.The _ runner can run 2 miles in fifteen minutes. A. common B. usual C. average D. general（分数：2.5

5、0）A.B.C.D.9.The political future of the president is now hanging by a _. A. thread B. cord C. string D. rope（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.10.I am sure I can _ him into letting us stay in the hotel for the night. A. speak B. say C. talk D. tell（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.11.Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply _

6、. A. declined B. lessened C. descended D. slipped（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.12.His career was not noticeably _ by the fact that he had never been to college. A. prevented B. restrained C. hindered D. refrained（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.13.The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to _ the consequences by

7、saying that the damage was not as serious as reported. A. decrease B. subtract C. minimize D. degrade（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.14.All individuals are required to _ to the laws made by their governments. A. obey B. conform C. concede D. observe（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.15.If you want to set up a company, you must _ wi

8、th the regulations laid down by the authorities. A. comply B. adhere C. confirm D. accord（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.16.The suspect _ that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime. A. advocated B. alleged C. addressed D. announced（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.17.Well _ you for any damage done to your ho

9、use while we are in it. A. compensate B. remedy C. supplement D. retrieve（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.18.After several nuclear disasters, a _ has raged over the safety of nuclear energy. A. quarrel B. suspicion C. verdict D. controversy（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.19.Anyone who has spent time with children is aware of the

10、difference in the way boys and girls respond to _ situation. A. similar B. alike C. same D. likely（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.20.Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to _ healthy. A. preserve B. stay C. maintain D. reserve（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.21.As a defense against air-pollution damage, many p

11、lants and animals _ a substance to absorb harmful chemicals. A. relieve B. release C. dismiss D. discard（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.22.He does not _ as a teacher of English as his pronunciation is terrible. A. equal B. match C. qualify D. fit（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.23.I tried very hard to persuade him to join our gro

12、up but I met with a flat _. A. disapproval B. rejection C. refusal D. decline（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.24.Please _ yourself from smoking and spitting in public places, since the law forbids them. A. restrain B. hinder C. restrict D. prohibit（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.25.The local people were joyfully surprised to find

13、 the price of vegetables no longer _ according to the weather. A. altered B. convened C. fluctuated D. modified（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.26.The pursuit of leisure on the part of the employees will certainly not _ their prospect of promotion. A. spur B. further C. induce D. reinforce（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.27.People

14、 who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in _ populated areas. A. densely B. intensely C. abundantly D. highly（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.28.Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the _ in the financial system will drag down the economy. A. shallowness B. shakiness C. scantiness

15、 D. stiffness（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.29.The city is an important railroad _ and industrial and convention center. A. communication B. network C. junction D. link（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.30.The 215-page manuscript, circulated to publishers last October, _ an outburst of interest. A. flared B. glittered C. sparked D

16、. flashed（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.31.He _ interrupted me by asking many irrelevant questions. A. carelessly B. carefully C. continually D. consequently（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.32.The response to our financial appeal _ anything we expected. A. surpassed B. impressed C. surprised D. passed（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.33.The plan

17、e _, its bombs exploding as it hit the ground. A. smashed B. crushed C. plunged D. crashed（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.34.The girl was _ a shop assistant, she is now a manager in a large department store. A. preliminarily B. presumably C. formally D. formerly（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.35.The fact that they reacted so dif

18、ferently was a reflection of their different _. A. performances B. personalities C. qualities D. appearances（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.36.Your excuse that an elephant fell on you and made you late is just _. A. inevitable B. indispensable C. incredible D. incurable（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.37.Another big issue _ the n

19、ew republic is the problem of the education of its citizens. A. confining B. confirming C. conforming D. confronting（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.38.The vast majority of people in any given culture will _ to the established standards of that culture. A. confine B. conform C. confront D. confirm（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.3

20、9.In general, matters which lie entirely within state borders are the _ concern of state governments. A. extinct B. excluding C. excessive D. exclusive（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.40.In the meantime, the question facing business is whether such research is _ the costs. A. worth B. worth of C. worthy D. worthwhi

21、le（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D.考博英语-23 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BVocabulary/B(总题数：40，分数：100.00)1.It is _ of you to turn down the radio while your sister is still ill in bed. A. considerable B. considerate C. concerned D. careful（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 本题四个选项中 A和 B是同根形容词，considerable 意为“相当大的，值得考虑的”；considerat

22、e意为“考虑周到的，体贴的”；concerned 表示“关心的”；careful 表示“小心的”。根据题意应选 B。句意是：你姐(妹)还卧病在床，你把收音机的音量调小，考虑真周到。2.According to the weather forecast, which is usually _, it will rain this afternoon. A. exact B. precise C. perfect D. accurate（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 本题中 exact意为“精确的，准确的”，指丝毫不差；precise 意为“精确的，精密的”，指精确无误，比 exa

23、ct语义更强；perfect 意为“完美的”；accurate 意为“正确的，精确的”，指与某项标准相符合，强调其准确性与事实无出入。根据题意应选 D。句意是：按照天气预报，如果没有意外，今天下午将有雨。3.When he applied for a _ in the office of the local newspaper he was told to see the manager. A. location B. profession C. career D. position（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 本题中 location意为“位置，场所”，一般指物体的处所；p

24、rofession 意思是“职业”，一般指需要业务知识或专业知识的职业；career 的意思是“职业，事业”，往往指长期的以至终生的事业；position 意为“职位，职务”。根据题意应选 D，position 在这里相当于 job。句意是：当他向当地报纸办事处申请职位时，有人要他去见经理。4.Dogs are often praised for their _, they almost never abandon their masters. A. faith B. loyalty C. trust D. truthfulness（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 从题意看，空格

25、中应填入表示“忠实”这一意思的词，因此 loyalty是答案。faith 的意思是“信心，信任”；trust 意为“信任，信赖”；truthfulness 的意思是“诚实，说真话”。句意是：狗经常因为忠实而受到称赞，狗几乎从来不背弃自己的主人。5.He believed that the greatest of his _ was that hed never had a college education. A. griefs B. misfortunes C. disasters D. sorrows（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 本题 A项意为“悲痛，使人悲痛的事”相当于

26、 very great sadness, especially at the death of someone；B 项意为“不幸”相当于 bad luck, or an unlucky event；C 项意为“灾祸，灾难”相当于 great harm, damage or death, of serious difficulty；D 项意为“悲哀，悲痛，痛苦的事”，相当于 a feeling of great sadness or regret。根据题意，答案为 B。句意是：他认为他最大的不幸是从未受过高等教育。6.The most _ technological success in the

27、 twentieth century is probably the computer revolution. A. prominent B. prosperous C. solemn D. prevalent（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 本题考查形容词的用法。prominent 意为“突出的，杰出的”；prosperous 意为“繁荣的，兴旺的”；solemn 意为“庄严的，严肃的，隆重的”；prevalent 表示“普遍的，流行的”。根据题意应选 A。句意是：20 世纪里，最突出的科技成就可能要算电脑革命了。7.Being somewhat short-sighted,

28、she had the habit of _ at people. A. glancing B. peering C. gazing D. scanning（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 本题四个选项都有“看”的意思。glance 意为“一瞥，匆匆一看”，表示很快地看；gaze意为“凝视，盯着看”，强调聚精会神地看，看的时间长；scan 意为“浏览”，表示非常迅速地看，有时也指仔细地看，察看；peer 意为“凝视，注视”，表示仔细地看。根据题意应选 C。句意是：因为有点近视，她有盯着人看的习惯。8.The _ runner can run 2 miles in fifteen

29、minutes. A. common B. usual C. average D. general（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 本题四个选项都含有“普通的”意思，但含义略有不同。common 指“普通的，共同的”，含有经常发生或经常见到的意思，含有“普遍”的含义；general 意为“普通的，一般的，大众的”，强调很少有例外，含有大多数的意思；usual 指“平常的，通常的，惯例的”，强调习惯性，符合规章制度的，或一贯如此的；average 意为“普通的，平常的，一般水平的”；average 的另一个意思为“平均的”，因此 average所指的普通有着接近平均水平、中等水平的

30、含义，符合题意，为正确答案。句意是：一般人在 15分钟内可以跑 2英里。9.The political future of the president is now hanging by a _. A. thread B. cord C. string D. rope（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 本题词义相同但用法不一样，其中 hang by a thread为固定搭配用法，意为“处在危险之境，千钧一发，危在旦夕”。故答案为 A。句意是：这位总统的政治前途危在旦夕。10.I am sure I can _ him into letting us stay in the hot

31、el for the night. A. speak B. say C. talk D. tell（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 本题测试词义相同但是用法不一样，只有 C项可构成 talk sb. into doing sth.习惯用法，意为“劝说某人做某事”，故为正确答案。句意是：我确信我能够劝说他让我们今晚留在旅馆。11.Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply _. A. declined B. lessened C. descended D. slipped（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 本题中 d

32、ecline意为“下降，下跌，减退”；lessen 意为“缩小，变小，减轻”，主要指数量或程度上的减低；descend 指位置下降；slip 意为“滑倒”。根据题意，应选 A。句意是：去年，芝加哥的犯罪率急剧下降。12.His career was not noticeably _ by the fact that he had never been to college. A. prevented B. restrained C. hindered D. refrained（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 本题四个动词都有阻止的意思，而且都可以和介词 from搭配。preven

33、t“阻止，预防”；restrain“克(抑，遏)制，管制”；hinder“妨碍，阻碍”；refrain“克制，抑制，戒除”。根据题意，应选 C。句意是：他的工作并不因他从未上过大学而受到明显的妨碍。13.The fire has caused great losses, but the factory tried to _ the consequences by saying that the damage was not as serious as reported. A. decrease B. subtract C. minimize D. degrade（分数：2.50）A.B.C.

34、D.解析：解析 本题四个动词都有降低、减少的意思。根据 but，great losses 和这家工厂的行动应形成对比。decrease“减少”；subtract(from)“减去，减”；minimize“把说成极不重要，对作最低估计”；minimize ones weaknesses 极力缩小自己的缺点；degrade“使降级，使丢脸”。根据题意，应选 C。句意是：这场大火造成了巨大的损失，但这家工厂却说损失没有报道的那么严重，竭力对大火的后果作最低估计。14.All individuals are required to _ to the laws made by their governm

35、ents. A. obey B. conform C. concede D. observe（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 本题中 obey服从，遵守；conform(to)符合，遵守；concede 承认，退让，容许；observe观察，观测，遵守，评述。本题要求在 A、B、D 之间区分。空格后跟 to，那么只有 B符合。句意是：每个人都被要求遵守政府制定的法律。15.If you want to set up a company, you must _ with the regulations laid down by the authorities. A. comply

36、B. adhere C. confirm D. accord（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 本题考查后接介词 with的单词，且根据题意，空格处填的单词应该表示遵守的意思。comply(with)遵守，服从；adhere(to)坚持，遵守；confirm 确认，证实；accord(with)相符合，相一致。A项正确。句意是：如果你想成立一家公司，你必须遵守当局制定的规章制度。16.The suspect _ that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime. A. advocated B. all

37、eged C. addressed D. announced（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 本题考查动词辨异。advocated 提倡，鼓吹；alleged 声称；addressed 向致辞，演说；announced宣布，通告。根据主语 suspect这个线索词，可以知道只能填 B。句意是：那个犯罪嫌疑人声称案发时他并不在附近。17.Well _ you for any damage done to your house while we are in it. A. compensate B. remedy C. supplement D. retrieve（分数：2.50）A

38、. B.C.D.解析：解析 本题中 compensate(sb. for damage/losses)赔偿，补偿；remedy 补救，纠正(欠缺、错误)；supplement补充(数量)，增补；retrieve 重新得到，补偿，弥补(损失等)，纠正(错误等)。根据题意，应选 A。句意是：我们会对居住期间你的房子遭到的任何损失进行赔偿。18.After several nuclear disasters, a _ has raged over the safety of nuclear energy. A. quarrel B. suspicion C. verdict D. controver

39、sy（分数：2.50）A.B.C.D. 解析：解析 本题中 quarrel争吵，口角，后跟 about/over sth.表示为某事而争吵；suspicion 怀疑，涉嫌；verdict 裁定，定论；controversy 争论，辩论，后跟 over sth.表示“关于的争论”。根据题意，此题 controversy的意思要比 quarrel准确。句意是：发生几次核灾难以后，一场关于核能安全的争论激烈展开。19.Anyone who has spent time with children is aware of the difference in the way boys and girls

40、 respond to _ situation. A. similar B. alike C. same D. likely（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 本题中 similar类似的，相似的，常作定语或表语；alike 相同的，同样的，只作表语，不能作定语；same 相同的，与定冠词 the连用；likely 可能的，合适的，有希望的。根据题意和句子结构，应选 A。句意是：凡是与孩子们在一起呆过的人都会察觉到男孩和女孩对类似情形的反应方式不同。20.Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to _ he

41、althy. A. preserve B. stay C. maintain D. reserve（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 本题中 preserve保存，保护；stay 保持；maintain 维持，养活；reserve 保留，预定。四个选项中，只有 stay可作系动词，其他三个都是及物动词，不能接形容词作表语。句意是：专家们说，一个人保持健康的最佳方法之一就是散步。21.As a defense against air-pollution damage, many plants and animals _ a substance to absorb harmful ch

42、emicals. A. relieve B. release C. dismiss D. discard（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 本题中 relieve减轻，救援；release 释放，发布，发行；dismiss 解散，开除，驳回；discard抛弃，丢掉。根据题意，应选 B。句意是：作为一种防御空气污染危害的措施，许多动植物都能释放一种吸收有害化学物质的东西。22.He does not _ as a teacher of English as his pronunciation is terrible. A. equal B. match C. qualify D.

43、fit（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 本题中 equal(to)等于；match 相配，match. in. with 在方面与相配；qualify有资格，be qualified as/qualify as 有资格担任；fit 适合，to fit for sth., to fit to do sth.。根据题意，应选 C。句意是：当英语老师他不具备资格，因为他的发音很糟糕。23.I tried very hard to persuade him to join our group but I met with a flat _. A. disapproval B. rejec

44、tion C. refusal D. decline（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 本题中 disapproval不同意，不赞成，emphatic disapproval 断然不同意，不能说：flat disapproval；rejection 断然拒绝，可说：to have many rejections, point-blank rejection 直截了当的拒绝，不能说：flat rejection；refusal 拒绝；decline 逐渐衰落，衰败，减少，作动词时，才有谢绝，回绝的意思。根据题意，应选 C。句意是：我竭力劝他加入我们小组，但遭到他断然拒绝。24.Ple

45、ase _ yourself from smoking and spitting in public places, since the law forbids them. A. restrain B. hinder C. restrict D. prohibit（分数：2.50）A. B.C.D.解析：解析 本题中 restrain克制，抑制(不去做某事)，与 from搭配，可接反身代词；hinder 妨碍，阻碍；restrict 限制，强调少做某事，与 to搭配；prohibit 禁止，侧重外部因素如法律、规章制度等，常用被动语态。根据题意和结构，应选 A。句意是：请不要在公共场所吸烟和吐

46、痰，因为法律不允许。25.The local people were joyfully surprised to find the price of vegetables no longer _ according to the weather. A. altered B. convened C. fluctuated D. modified（分数：2.50）A.B.C. D.解析：解析 本题中 alter改动，变更，指在性质、方向、位置、尺寸、形状上的变化；convert 转变，在形式、状态或用途上从一方面转向另一方面；fluctuate 波动，涨落，尤其指价格方面的上下变化；modify修改，稍微改编以达到改进的目的。根据题意，应选 C。句意是：当地人非常惊喜地发现，蔬菜的价格将不再随天气的变化而波动。26.The pursuit of leisure on the part of the employees will certainly not _ their prospect of promotion. A. spur B. further C. induce D. reinforce（分数：2.50）A.B. C.D.解析：解析 本题中 spu