【考研类试卷】北京理工大学真题2005年及答案解析.doc

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1、北京理工大学真题 2005年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Listenin(总题数：4，分数：40.00)BPassage One/BGranted, its a pretty serious time to be living on this planet. Insane terrorists, political fingerpointing, a string of awful hurricanes, you name it, all filling the headlines with grim reminders that life arent

2、 so peachy. Even reading the smaller stories in national publications seems to indicate that the world is run by gruwnups, and theyre busy taking the fun out of everything.The other day I was browsing through one of those magazines that explain serious science news to us dumbbells, and came across a

3、n item which announced that two different companies have perfected a pill that contains all the good-for-you stuff found in a glass of red wine and is completely non-alcoholic.Now Im sure there are other adults out there who, like me, were pleasantly surprised to learn that a little tipple of pinot

4、noir with the roast duckling might not turn one into a slobbering drunk but may actually be beneficial to your health. The news was a single candle, lit in a world of darkness, easing a tiny part of that big rock of guilt we constantly lug uphill.Of course, the minute the news got around, some Itali

5、an scientists began putting that age-old innocent beverage through a freeze-drying process that preserved the benefits while removing the alcohol along with all that unnecessary enjoyment. Swell news for teetotalers, but just another indication that our main focus is on getting through each grim day

6、 without a moment of relief.Sound far-fetched? Even comic books (a main source of amusement, when I was a tad) have become literary vehicles for philosophical messages. I figure its all a big plot. Something probably cooked up by mommies and dictators and insurance companies and people who play thei

7、r boom boxes too loudly. Just to make sure that you and I are prevented from squeezing a dollop of guilt-free enjoyment from a modest amount of fermented grape juice.Mark my words, the next great leap in science wont be in the field of cloning or DNA research or rocket science. What theyll do is dev

8、elop a way to turn a big juicy standing rib roast into a pinch of tasteless grey protein-packed powder you can sprinkle on a piece of white bread and have for dinner. Remember: just because were paranoid dont mean they aint out to get us.（分数：10.00）(1).When the author says, “the world is run by grown

9、ups, and theyre busy taking the fun out of everything,“ he means to say _.（分数：2.00）A.they are busy making fun to their peopleB.they have become more and more friendly to their peopleC.they are doing things disregard of the ways things develop themselvesD.they are occupied every day with trivial inst

10、ead of key issues of the world(2).In Paragraphs 2 and 3 the author wants to say that _.（分数：2.00）A.people nowadays become more interested in science mattersB.the researchers nowadays are more interested in developing all the good-for-you stuffC.some people want to find things which are beneficial to

11、their healthD.people nowadays tend to overstate and publicize what they have done(3).The word “cooked up“ (Para. 5) probably is used in the context means _.（分数：2.00）A.food-preparedB.falsely-preparedC.concoctedD.carefully done(4).Which of the following can be a proper summary of the last paragraph of

12、 the passage?（分数：2.00）A.The world will soon be made unbelievable by the groundless cooked-up miracles and wonders.B.There will be more and more people in the world who will become cheaters.C.There will be more and more people who will be able to create what seemed impossible years ago.D.Nobody knows

13、 what the future world would be like with the fast development of modem science and technology.(5).The tune of the author in this passage sounds _ about what he says（分数：2.00）A.fully confidentB.highly positiveC.fully suspiciousD.emotionally discriminativeBPassage Two/BOne hundred boats bearing one mi

14、llion desperate uninvited immigrants set sail from the Ganges (恒河) for the fabled coast of the French Riviera. They are totally destitute and have decided that their only chance of survival is in a country with a conscience that traditionally welcomes refugees from the Third World. Their journey wil

15、l take 50 days.In France, the news is trumpeted with pride by the liberal media, churchmen and left-wing activists. Favorable media echoes are heard all over Europe; Political leaders and the armed forces fumble for common policies. Publicly, French authorities praise the intrepid voyagers. Privatel

16、y, they exchange ideas on how they can divert one million hungry souls to other shores.A trendy French radio journalist, Albert Dufort, sees the makings of a historical redistribution of wealth between the First and Third Worlds. “Were all from the Ganges now,“ he proclaims. Schoolchildren write ess

17、ays eulogizing latter day “sans culottes.“ The theme is picked up and sweeps across the continent.As the armada makes it through the Straits of Gibraltar, panic sets in. The inhabitants of the French Riviera begin to flee north. The president of France orders the armed forces deployed along the coas

18、t. They are told their mision is to defend the country against the now imminent invasion of onet million poverty-stricken people from the Ganges. But with ears glued to their transistor radios they heed Duforts call not to oppose the landings. They desert en masse. Police open jail cells before shed

19、ding their uniforms and hotfooting it home to take care of their families.Terrified by what he has wrought, Dufort heads for Switzerland in his expensive sports car, but he is recognized en route and murdered. As hundreds of thousands of inhabitants of coastal towns and the surrounding Provence coun

20、try move north, tens of thousands of revolutionary students travel south to greet their Ganges brothers.Unbeknownst to the welcoming throngs of idealists, the Ganges multitudes are coming to settle scores with the wealthy West that has kept them subjugated without hope of a better life. They hate th

21、e West their leaders said had robbed them of the higher standard of living they are entitled to.The one million Ganges folk are not alone. Millions of others are monitoring their progress from all over the Third World and plan to follow them to the Promised Land. Thus the Third World conquers modem

22、industrialized societies, but not before much mayhem and unspeakable carnage and atrocities.（分数：10.00）(1).That part of the sentence “a country with a conscience that traditionally welcomes refugees from the Third World“ probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.a country showing sympathy for the refugees from the

23、 Third WorldB.a place with clean conscience that all men in the world should be equal in every wayC.a nation that shares the same tradition with the third world countriesD.a state that strongly believes that all refugees should be treated as a human being(2).From Paragraph 2 it can be inferred that

24、_.（分数：2.00）A.France is the unique country that shows unconditional sympathy for the Indian refugeesB.France intends to make the refugee problem politically publicized for its own benefitC.some French people actually hate the intrusion of so many refugees from the GangesD.political leaders and the ar

25、med forces are particularly enthusiastic in receiving the refugees(3).All of the following about Paragraph 3 are true EXCEPT that _.（分数：2.00）A.Albert Dufort sees the large size emigration front the Ganges is a historical redistribution of wealth between the First and Third WorldsB.the theme on the l

26、arge size emigration from Ganges is reported widely across the European continentC.Albert Dufort believes that even his own country-fellows are also originated from the GangesD.schoolchildren write compositions showing their shock at the historical move of immigrants(4).What happened to the trendy F

27、rench radio journalist, Albert Dufort, according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.He was recognized as a famous reporter after the historical move of immigrants.B.He was killed for some unknown reason.C.He believed that he was also an immigrant from India.D.Tens of thousands of students travel south to gre

28、et him.(5).From the last paragraph it can be concluded that _.（分数：2.00）A.the author of the passage believes that the Third World will conquer the modern industrialized societies in the near futureB.the author of the passage reveals his doubtful attitude toward the historical move of the Indian emigr

29、antsC.the author of the passage thinks that there wont be any large-scaled move from the Third World to the industrialized countriesD.the author of the passage thinks highly of what France has done in receiving the one million desperate uninvited immigrantsBPassage Three/BBack in Seattle, around the

30、 comer from the Discovery Institute, Stephen Meyer offers some peer-reviewed evidence that there truly is a controversy that must be taught. “The Darwinists are bluffing,“ he says over a plate of oysters at a downtown seafood restaurant. “They have the science of the steam engine era, and its not ke

31、eping up with the biology of the information age.“Meyer hands me a recent issue of Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews with an article by Carl Woese, an eminent microbiologist at the University of Illinois. In it, Woese decries the failure of reductionist biologythe tendency to look at system

32、s as merely the stun of their partsto keep up with the developments of molecular biology. Meyer says the conclusion of Woeses argument is that the Darwinian emperor has no clothes.Its a page out of the antievolution playbook: using evolutionary biologys own literature against it, selectively quoting

33、 from the likes of Stephen Jay Gould to illustrate natural selections downfalls. The institute marshals journal articles discussing evolution to provide policymakers with evidence of the raging controversy surrounding the issue.Woese scoffs at Meyers claim when I call to ask him about the paper. “To

34、 say that my criticism of Darwinists says that evolutionists have no clothes,“ Woese says, “is like saying that Einstein is criticizing Newton, therefore Newtonian physics is wrong.“ Debates about evolutions mechanisms, he continues, dont amount to challenges to the theory. And intelligent design “i

35、s not science. It makes no predictions and doesnt offer any explanation whatsoever, except for God did it.“Of course Meyer happily acknowledges that Woese is an ardent evolutionist. The institute doesnt need to impress Woese or his peers; it can simply co-ocpt the vocabulary of science “academic fre

36、edom,“ “scientific objectivity,“ “teach the controversy“and redirect it to a public trying to reconcile what appear to be two contradictory scientific views. By appealing to a sense of fairness, ID finds a place at the political table, and by merely entering the debate it can claim victory. “We dont

37、 need to win every argument to be a success,“ Meyer says. “Were trying to validate a discussion thats been long suppressed.“This is precisely what happened in Ohio. “Im not a PhD in biology,“ says board member Michael Cochran. “But when I have X number of PhD experts telling me this, and X number te

38、lling me the opposite, the answer is probably somewhere between the two.“An exasperated Krauss claims that a truly representative debate would have had 10,000 pro-evolution scientists against two Discovery executives. “What these people want is for there to be a debate,“ says Krauss. “People in the

39、audience say, Hey, these people sound reasonable. They argue, People have different opinions, we should present those opinions in school. That is nonsense. Some people have opinions that the Holocaust never happened, but we dont teach that in history.“Eventually, the Ohio board approved a standard m

40、andation that students learn to “describe how scientists continue to investigate and critically analyze aspects of evolutionary theory.“ Proclaiming victory, Johnson barnstormed Ohio churches soon after notifying congregations of a new, ID-friendly standard. In response, anxious board members added

41、a clause stating that the standard “does not mandate the teaching or testing of intelligent design.“ Both sides claimed victory. A press release from IDNet trumpeted the mere inclusion of the phrase intelligent design, saying that “the implication of the statement is that the teaching of testing of

42、intelligent design is permitted.“ Some pro-evolution scientists, meanwhile, say theres nothing wrong with teaching students how to scrutinize theory. “I dont have a problem with that,“ says Patricia Princehouse, a professor at Case Western Reserve and an outspoken oppnent of ID. “Critical analysis i

43、s exactly what scientists do.“（分数：10.00）(1).Stephen Meyer seems to be criticizing Darwinists because _.（分数：2.00）A.the evidence for their theories is peer-reviewedB.they were born in the age of steam engineC.their theories are already out of dateD.they can not catch up with the information tecbnology

44、(2).What does Woese mean when he answers back for his remark “. evolutionists have no clothes?“（分数：2.00）A.His criticism of Darwinists should not be understood as the denial of itB.Clothes themselves are not what evolutionists are interested inC.Einstein is right when he is criticizing Newtonian phys

45、icsD.Einsteinian physics is an improvement on Newtonian physics(3).Why did Meyer initiate the debate between him and Woese as he claimed?（分数：2.00）A.To make it possible the alternative use of the vocabulary of science.B.To reconcile what appear to be two contradictory scientific views.C.To claim vict

46、ory for the views which are so significant.D.To establish the soundness of a discussion thats been long suppressed.(4).What does the “exasperated Krauss“ mean when he talks about the adience?（分数：2.00）A.He disagrees there should be a representative debate.B.He stresses that what these people require

47、is reasonable.C.He insists that different opinions should be presented in school.D.He rejects the idea that we should teach whatever is presented.(5).Which of the following is NOT one of the responses to the standard approved by the Ohio board?（分数：2.00）A.Many of ID scholars expressed friendly-welcom

48、e to the standardB.Some anxious board members suggested an additional clauseC.IDNet understood the standard as a permission of teaching or testing of intelligent designD.Pro-evolution scientists claimed that critical analysis is exactly what scientists should doBPassage Four/BChanges in art and cult

49、ural history have never been easy to assimilate to political or economic changes. But perhaps we have enough evidence to show that particular sub-ideologies, combined with or supported by a bureaucratic upsurge, have caused, or been associated with, what appear to be downhill trends. Different generations naturally engender different styles. No harm in that. Still, it can be argued that some fashions in the field are less troublesome than others.In an analysis of this sort