【考研类试卷】2013年南京大学考博英语真题试卷及答案解析.doc

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1、2013 年南京大学考博英语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：106.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Shoes of this kind are_to slip on wet ground.（分数：2.00）A.feasibleB.approprateC.aptD.fitting2.I bought an alarm clock with a(n)_dial which can be seen clearly in the dark.（分数：2.00）A.supersonicB.luminousC.audibleD.amp

2、lified3.Her jewelry_under the spotlights and she became the dominant figure at the ball.（分数：2.00）A.glaredB.glitteredC.blazedD.glowed4.Put on dark glasses or the sun will_you and you wont be able to see.（分数：2.00）A.discernB.distortC.distractD.dazzle5.In spite of the_economic forecasts, manufacturing o

3、utput has risen slightly.（分数：2.00）A.gloomyB.miserableC.shadowyD.obscure6.The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be_by this device.（分数：2.00）A.ignitedB.lightedC.firedD.inspired7.Often such arguments have the effect of_rather than clarifying the issues involved.（分数：2.00）A.obscuringB.prejudi

4、cingC.tacklingD.blocking8.His_directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.（分数：2.00）A.ambiguousB.complicatedC.arbitraryD.intricate9.The law on drinking and driving is_stated.（分数：2.00）A.extravagantlyB.empiricallyC.exceptionallyD.explicitly10.We shall probably never be able t

5、o_the exact nature of these sub-atomic particles.（分数：2.00）A.assertB.impartC.ascertainD.notify11.As a _ actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments.（分数：2.00）A.flexibleB.versatileC.sophisticatedD.productive12.Mr. Smith became very_when it was suggested that he had

6、made a mistake.（分数：2.00）A.ingeniousB.empiricalC.objectiveD.indignant13.Please do not be _by his offensive remarks since he is merely trying to attract attention.（分数：2.00）A.distractedB.disregardedC.irritatedD.intervened14.Grain production in the world is_, but still millions go hungry.（分数：2.00）A.stag

7、geringB.shrinkingC.soaringD.suspending15.Competition, they believe, _the national character than corrupt it.（分数：2.00）A.enforcesB.confirmsC.intensifiesD.strengthens16.The republication of the poets most recent works will certainly _ his national reputation.（分数：2.00）A.magnifyB.strengthenC.enlargeD.enh

8、ance17.The music aroused an_feeling of homesickness in him.（分数：2.00）A.intentionalB.intermittentC.intenseD.intrinsic18.The medicine_his pain but did not cure his illness.（分数：2.00）A.activatedB.alleviatedC.mediatedD.deteriorated19.The work in the office was_by a constant stream of visitors.（分数：2.00）A.c

9、onfusedB.hamperedC.reversedD.perplexed20.A visitor to a museum today would notice_changes in the way museums are operated.（分数：2.00）A.cognitiveB.rigorousC.conspicuousD.exclusive二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：20.00)A deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide the division of the world int

10、o the info(information)rich and the info poor. And that【C1】_does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less invisible then, however, were the new, positive【C2】_that work against the digital divide. Actually, there are reasons to be【C3】_. There are t

11、echnological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more【C4】_, it is in the interest of business to universalize access after all, the more people online, the more potential【C5】_there are. More and more enterprises, afraid their countries will be left【C6】_,

12、want to spread internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerfu

13、l tool for【C7】_world poverty that weve ever had. Of course, the use of the Internet isnt the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have, But it has big potential. To【C8】_advantage of this tool, some poor countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prej

14、udices【C9】_respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of【C10】_(the basic structural foundations of a society)in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didnt h

15、ave the capital to do so. And that is why Americas Second Wave infrastructure concerning roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on were built with foreign investment.（分数：20.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.divideB.informationC.worldD.lecture(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.forcesB.obstaclesC.eventsD.surprises(3).【C3】（分数：2.0

16、0）A.negativeB.optimisticC.pleasantD.disappointed(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.developedB.centralizedC.realizedD.commercialized(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.usersB.producersC.customersD.citizens(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.awayB.forC.asideD.behind(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.containingB.preventingC.keepingD.combating(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.bringB

17、.keepC.holdD.take(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.atB.withC.ofD.for(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.constructionB.facilityC.infrastructureD.institution三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：40.00)Do you think that all human beings have a “comfort zone“ regulating the distance they stand from someone when they talk? This distance va

18、ries in interesting ways among people of different cultures. Greeks, others of the Eastern Mediterranean, and many of those from South America normally stand quite close together when they talk, often moving their faces even closer as they warm up in a conversation. North Americans find this awkward

19、 and often back away a few inches. Studies have found that they tend to feel most comfortable at about 21 inches apart. In much of Asia and Africa. there is even more space between two speakers in conversation. This greater space subtly lends an air of dignity and respect. This mater of space is nea

20、rly always unconscious, but it is interesting to observe. This difference applies also to the closeness with which people sit together, the extent to which they lean over one another in conversation, how they move as they argue or make an emphatic point. In the United States, for example, people try

21、 to keep their bodies apart even in a crowded elevator, in Paris they take it as it comes! Although North Americans have a relatively wide “comfort zone“ for talking, they communicate a great deal with their hands not only with gesture but also with touch. They put a sympathetic hand on a persons sh

22、oulder to demonstrate warmth of feeling or an arm around him in sympathy; they nudge a man in the ribs to emphasize a funny story; they put an arm in reassurance or stroke a childs head in affection; they readily take someones arm to help him cross a street or direct him along an unfamiliar route. T

23、o many people especially those from Asia or the Moslem countries such bodily contact is unwelcome, especially if inadvertently done with the left hand. The left hand carries no special significance in the U. S. Many Americans are simply left-handed and use that hand more.（分数：8.00）(1).In terms of bod

24、ily distance, North Americans_.（分数：2.00）A.are similar to South AmericansB.stand farthest apartC.feel ill at ease when too closeD.move nearer during conversations(2).It can be inferred from the passage that in a crowded elevator, a Frenchmen_.（分数：2.00）A.would behave in the same way as an American wou

25、ldB.would make no particular effort to distance himselfC.would be afraid of bodily contactD.would do his best to leave(3).An American puts his hand on another mans shoulder_.（分数：2.00）A.to show apathyB.to show passionC.to show friendlinessD.to disguise his feeling(4).The passage mainly concerns_.（分数：

26、2.00）A.distance and contactB.body languageC.cultural differences between the East and the WestD.hand signalsUntil men invented ways of staying underwater for more than a few minutes, the wonders of the world below the surface of the sea were almost unknown. The main problem, of course, lies in air.

27、How could air be supplied to swimmers below the surface of the sea? Pictures made about 2, 900 years ago in Asia show men swimming under the surface with air bags tied to their bodies. A pipe from the bag carried air into the swimmers mourn. But little progress was achieved in the invention of divin

28、g devices until about 1490, when the famous Italian painter, Leonardo da Vinci, designed a complete diving suit. In 1680, an Italian professor invented a large air bag with a glass window to be worn over the divers head. To “clean“ the air a breathing pipe went from the air bag, through another bag

29、to remove moisture, and then again to the large air bag. The plan did not work, but it gave later inventors the idea of moving air around in diving devices. In 1819, a German, Augustus Siebe, developed a way of forcing air into the head-covering by a machine operated above the water. Finally, in 183

30、7, he invented the “ hard-hat suit“ was to be used for nearly a century. It had a metal covering for the head and an air pipe attached to a machine above the water. It also had small openings to remove unwanted air. But mere were two dangers to the diver inside the “ hard-hat suit“. One was the sudd

31、en rise to the surface, caused by a too great supply of air. The other was me crushing of the body, caused by a sudden diving into deep water. The sudden rise to the surface could kill me diver; a sudden dive could force his body up into the helmet, which could also result in death. Gradually the “h

32、ard-hat suit“ was improved so mat the diver could be given a constant supply of air. The diver could men move around under me ocean without worrying about the air supply. During the 1940s diving underwater without a special suit became popular. Instead, divers used a breaming device and a small cove

33、ring made of rubber and glass over parts of the face. To improve the swimmers speed another new invention was used: a piece of rubber shaped like a giant foot, which was attached to each of me divers own feet. The manufacture of rubber breathing pipes made it possible for divers to float on the surf

34、ace of the water, observing the marine life underneam them. A special rubber suit enabled them to stay in cold water for long periods, collecting specimens of animal and vegetable life mat had never been obtained in the past. The most important advance, however, was the invention of a self-contained

35、 underwater breathing apparatus, which is called a “ sucba“. Invented by two Frenchmen, Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan, the scuba consists of a mouthpiece joined to one or two tanks of compressed air which are attached to me divers back. The scuba makes it possible for a diver-scientist to work 2

36、00 feet underwater or even deeper for several hours. As a result, scientists can now move around freely at great depths, learning about me wonders of the sea.（分数：8.00）(1).The main progress mentioned in this passage was（分数：2.00）A.an Italian professor invented a large air bag.B.men invented the best d

37、iving devices.C.an Italian painter designed a complete diving suit.D.an air bag.(2).An invention of an Italian professor（分数：2.00）A.worked out very well.B.can “clean“ the air.C.inspired later inventions.D.was used to remove moisture.(3).Siebes invention was not a perfect one, because（分数：2.00）A.too sm

38、all a supply of air could result in a sudden rise to the surface.B.a sudden dive into deep water could cause the crushing of the body.C.the air pipe attached to a machine could be above the surface.D.both A and B(4).The word “seuba“ is（分数：2.00）A.a certain divers name.B.an original English word.C.nam

39、ed by the inventor.D.an acronym.In recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors: Salt is bad for you regardless of your health. Politicians also got on board. “ There is a direct relationship“ , US Conqressman Neal Smith noted, “between the amount of sodium a person consume

40、s and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death“. Frightening, if true! But many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. “ All this hue and cry about eating salt is unnecessary,“ Dr. Dustan insists. “For most of us it probabl

41、y doesnt make much difference how much salt we eat. “ Dustans most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure underwent no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. Of the hypertensive subjects, however, half

42、 of those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previous level when salt was reintroduced. “An adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake has probably saved many more lives than it has cost in the general population“, notes Dr. John H. Laragh. “So a reco

43、mmendation that the whole population should avoid salt makes no sense. “ Medical experts agree that everyone should practice reasonable “moderation“ in salt consumption. For an average person, a moderate amount might run from four to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/ 3 of a teaspoon. The equival

44、ent of one to two grawrs of this salt allowance would come from the natural sodium in food. The rest would be added in processing, preparation or at the table. Those with kidney, liver or heart problems may have to limit dietary salt, if their doctor advises. But even the very vocal “ low salt “ exp

45、onent, Dr. Arthur Hull Hayes, Jr. admits that “ we do not know whether increased sodium consumption causes hypertension“. In fact, there is increasing scientific evidence that other factors may be involved: deficiencies in calcium, potassium, perhaps magnesium; obesity(much more dangerous than sodiu

46、m); generic predisposition; stress. “It is not your enemy,“ says Dr. Laragh, “Salt is the No. 1 natural component of all human tissue, and the idea that you dont need it is wrong. Unless your doctor has proven that you have a salt-related health problem, there is no reason to give it up. “（分数：8.00）(

47、1).According to some doctors and politicians, the amount of salt consumed（分数：2.00）A.exhibits as an aggravating factor to people in poor health.B.cures diseases such as stroke and circulatory disorders.C.correlates highly with some diseases.D.is irrelevant to people suffering from heart disease.(2).F

48、rom Dr. Dustans study we can infer that（分数：2.00）A.a low-salt diet may be prescribed for some people.B.the amount of salt intake has nothing to do with ones blood pressure.C.the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensive patient.D.an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference to anyone.(3).In

49、the third paragraph, Dr. Laragh implies that（分数：2.00）A.people should not be afraid of taking excessive salt.B.doctors should not advise people to avoid salt.C.an adequate to excessive salt intake is recommended for people in disease.D.escessive salt intake has claimed some victims in the general population.(4).What is the main message of this text?（分数：2.00）A.That the salt scare is not just