【考研类试卷】2010年浙江大学考博英语真题试卷及答案解析.doc

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1、2010 年浙江大学考博英语真题试卷及答案解析(总分：112.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：15，分数：30.00)1.Like most foreigners, I ask a lot of questions, some of which are insultingly silly. But everyone I_has answered those questions with patience and honesty.（分数：2.00）A.come acrossB.come byC.come overD.come into2.Amon

2、g picture books for 4-8 years olds, several outstanding works appeared that combined original stories with_illustrations.（分数：2.00）A.imaginableB.imaginativeC.imagingD.imageless3.As skies are filled with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracle appears to depend on a s

3、eeming_: The fatter the bird, the more efficiently it flies.（分数：2.00）A.interruptionB.descriptionC.qualificationD.contradiction4.The party leader justified his subsequent re-election_that he had brought political stability and economic development to his country.（分数：2.00）A.in the wayB.by no meansC.on

4、 the groundsD.to the extent5.A leading British scholar has proposed translating Shakes peare into contemporary English _young audience who are confused by jokes which are 400 years out of date.（分数：2.00）A.in memory ofB.at the cost ofC.on behalf ofD.for the benefit of6.The objective of this popular co

5、nsultation is to determine,_, the final political status of the region, whether to remain of the country as a special district, or to part from it.（分数：2.00）A.once upon a timeB.once and againC.all at onceD.once and for all7.The_choice for a consumer, therefore, is the choice among the available ones

6、that will enable him or her to maximize utility.（分数：2.00）A.optimalB.optionalC.opticalD.optimistic8.The Adult Vocational College is an opportunity to gain the right qualifications for various careers, for it offers an_range of subjects and courses.（分数：2.00）A.additionalB.excessiveC.adequateD.extensive

7、9.Its disturbing to note how many of crimes we do know about were detected_, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures.（分数：2.00）A.by accidentB.on scheduleC.in generalD.at intervals10.In calculating the daily calorie requirements for an individual, variations in body size, physical a

8、ctivity and age should be_.（分数：2.00）A.brought into practiceB.taken into accountC.thrown light onD.looked down upon11.The more a nations companies_factories abroad, the smaller that countrys recorded exports will be.（分数：2.00）A.lieB.locateC.spotD.stand12.The defence lawyer was questioning the old man

9、who was one of the_of the murder committed last month.（分数：2.00）A.witnessesB.audienceC.viewersD.observers13.The belief that the universe is improving and that good will_triumph over evil prevails.（分数：2.00）A.ultimatelyB.conclusivelyC.feasiblyD.terminally14.It was difficult to build a power station in

10、the deep valley, but it_as we had hoped.（分数：2.00）A.came offB.went offC.brought outD.made out15.The local people were joyfully surprised to find the prices of vegetables no longer_according to the weather.（分数：2.00）A.evaluatedB.convertedC.fluctuatedD.modified二、Cloze(总题数：1，分数：40.00)The character of Eur

11、opean education demands that the student develop【C1】_and social individuality. The American student is given a choice between relying on himself【C2】_on others. Scholastically, the fundamental difference is between the European lecture system and the American discussion system. The European system is

12、 both the strength and the limit of European education. The strength is the challenge【C3】_the student to rely on himself; the system imposes a limit because it is【C4】_and at times even cruelly, qualitative: only a few are able to survive. A second difference is the American campus, a term which has

13、no【C5】_in Europe. There, the campus is formed【C6】_by the various classrooms, faculty offices and laboratories. No extracurricular activities are carried on. The students and the professors go to the universities when they have classes and leave as soon as they are【C7】_The European universities provi

14、de no social life; on the【C8】_, it creates a social atmosphere. The student 【C9】_never organizes campus activities: everything is left to the【C10】_of the individual students. In the【C11】_of these considerations, I think I can answer the challenge of that pretty coed, though my answer is bound to be

15、incomplete. My【C12】_to the American educational system are two. The first【C13】_American students. What【C14】_me most about them is their conformity and their fear of【C15】_. Perhaps campus life【C16】_by necessity to conformity. Almost every student belongs to at least two organizations. What is the【C17

16、】_of this associative mania,【C18】_not the basic to be supported by people who think【C19】_and sympathize with the same idea? Nobody likes being alone, but it seems to me that American students like【C20】_too much.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.intellectualB.intangibleC.inquisitiveD.ingenious(2).【C2】（分数：

17、2.00）A.andB.orC.fromD.with(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.ofB.toC.forD.with(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.strictlyB.vigorouslyC.rigorousD.rigid(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.equationB.equivalentC.equatorD.equivalence(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.exceptionallyB.exclusivelyC.extraordinarilyD.extensively(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.awayB.outC.overD.in(8).【C8】

18、（分数：2.00）A.bodyB.oppositionC.contrastD.conversation(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.bodyB.unityC.structureD.union(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.creativeB.initiativeC.originalD.imaginative(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.lightB.accordanceC.correspondenceD.virtue(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.reactionsB.respondsC.repliesD.reflections(13).【C13】（分数

19、：2.00）A.involvesB.concernsC.includesD.relates(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.appealedB.solicitedC.struckD.astounded(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.dependenceB.desolationC.relianceD.isolation(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.contendsB.intendsC.relianceD.tends(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.reasonB.excuseC.backgroundD.cause(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.wh

20、etherB.excuseC.ifD.as(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.likelyB.alikeC.likelihoodD.like(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.companionB.fellowshipC.mateD.company三、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00)At all ages and at all stages of life, fear presents a problem to almost everyone. “We are largely the playthings of our fears,“ wro

21、te the British author Horace Walpole many years ago. “To one, fear of the dark; to another, of physical pain; to a third, of public ridicule; to a fourth, of poverty; to a fifth, of loneliness for all of us our particular creature waits in a hidden place.“ Fear is often a useful emotion. When you be

22、come frightened, many physical changes occur within your body. Your heartbeat and responses quicken; your pupils expand to admit more light; large quantities of energy-producing adrenaline(肾上腺素)are poured into your bloodstream. Confronted with a fire or accident, fear can fuel life-saving flight. Si

23、milarly, when a danger is psychological rather than physical, fear can force you to take self-protective measures. It is only when fear is disproportional to the danger at hand that it becomes a problem. Some people are simply more vulnerable to fear than others. A visit to the newborn nursery of an

24、y large hospital will demonstrate that, from the moment of their births, a few fortunate infants respond calmly to sudden fear-producing situations such as a loudly slammed door. Yet a neighbor in the next bed may cry out with profound fright. From birth, he or she is more prone to learn fearful res

25、ponses because he or she has inherited a tendency to be more sensitive. Further, psychologists know that our early experiences and relationships strongly shape and determine our later fears. A young man named Bill, for example, grew up with a father who regarded each adversity as a temporary obstacl

26、e to be overcome with imagination and courage. Using his father as a model, Bill came to welcome adventure and to trust his own ability to solve problem. Phils dad, however, spent most of his time trying to protect himself and his family. Afraid to risk the insecurity of a job change, he remained un

27、happy in one position. He avoided long vacations because “the car might break down“. Growing up in such a home, Phil naturally learned to become fearful and tense.（分数：10.00）(1).In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, “our particular creature“ refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.fear of somethingB.a fierce beastC.phy

28、sical painD.public ridicule(2).Fear can be a useful emotion to us because it can_.（分数：2.00）A.stimulate many physical changes within our bodyB.quicken our heartbeat and responsesC.pour large quantities of adrenaline into our bloodstreamD.help us respond quickly to danger and protect ourselves(3).Fear

29、 becomes a problem only when_.（分数：2.00）A.the danger is thought greater than it really is.B.the danger is more psychological than physicalC.one cannot stand the dangerD.one is not well prepared for it(4).Different responses of newborn infants to a loudly slammed door imply that_.（分数：2.00）A.some peopl

30、e are inherently more easily affected by danger.B.peoples response to stimuli is not an inherited featureC.some people seem to be very sensitive to noise.D.people sometimes seem to turn a deaf ear to noise.(5).Psychologists have found that our later fears are determined largely by our_.（分数：2.00）A.ho

31、me educationB.school educationC.parents lifestyleD.early experiencesBoth civilization and culture are fairly modern words, having come into prominent use during the 19th century by anthropologists, historians, and literary figures. There has been a strong tendency to use them interchangeably as thou

32、gh they mean the same thing, but they are not the same. Although modern in their usage, the two words derived from ancient Latin. The word civilization is based on the Latin civis, of a city. Thus civilization, in its most essential meaning, is the ability of people to live together harmoniously in

33、cities;, in social groupings. From this definition it would seem that certain insects, such as ants or bees, are also civilized. They live and work together in social groups. So do some microorganisms. But there is more to civilization, and that is what culture brings to it. So, civilization is inse

34、parable from culture. The word culture is derived from the Latin verb colere, “to till the soil“. But colere also has a wider range of meanings. It may, like civis, mean inhabiting a town or village. But most of its definitions suggest a process of starting and promoting growth and development. One

35、may cultivate a garden; one may also cultivate ones interests, mind, and abilities. In its modern use the word culture refers to all the positive aspects and achievements of humanity that make mankind different from the rest of the animal world. Culture has grown out of creativity, a characteristic

36、that seems to be unique to human beings. One of the basic and best-known features of civilization and culture is the presence of tools. But more important than their simple existence is that the tools are always being improved and enlarged upon a result of creativity. It took thousands of years from

37、 the first wheel to the latest most advanced model of automobile. It is the concept of humans as toolmakers and improvers that differentiates them from other animals. A monkey may use a stick to knock a banana from a tree, but that stick will never, through a monkeys cleverness, be modified into a h

38、ook or a ladder. Monkeys have never devised a spoken language, written a book, composed a melody, built a house, or painted a portrait. To say that birds build nests and beavers their dens is to miss the point. People once lived in caves, but their cleverness, imagination and creativity led them to

39、progress beyond caves to buildings.（分数：10.00）(1).What does the author think of the words “civilization“ and “culture“ ?（分数：2.00）A.They are identical.B.They are different concepts.C.They can often be used interchangeably.D.They are denied differently by different people.(2).According to the author th

40、e word “civilization“ originally refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.peoples way of life in citiesB.peoples ability to live together in citiesC.a type of social organizationsD.an advanced level of social life(3).The Latin verb “colere“ originally means “_“.（分数：2.00）A.live in a cityB.develop oneselfC.promote growt

41、hD.cultivate the land(4).The author believes that creativity_.（分数：2.00）A.is a unique feature of civilized beingsB.brings forth the improvement of toolsC.is the result of human developmentD.helps the advance of culture(5).The author mentions monkeys in the last paragraph to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.monk

42、ey are the same as birdsB.people once lived in caves like monkeysC.monkeys can never develop into human beingsD.man is different from other animals such as monkeysJob-related illnesses are growing in frequency. In 1985, there were 390,000 cases of illnesses that were job related, including lung and

43、bladder(膀胱)cancers, skin ailments, emphysema(肺气肿), and heart disease. There were also 100,000 deaths. Many of these illnesses and deaths are attributable to chemically hazardous substances. An obvious approach to reducing occupational illnesses is to rid the workplace of the chemical agents or toxin

44、s that are the source of many of the problems. However, sometimes that is not financially feasible or technically possible. An alternative approach is to capitalize on the fact that not all individuals are equally susceptible to health hazards in the workplace. For example, until the early 1970s whe

45、n strict safety standards were introduced, all workers in shipbuilding plants were exposed to excessively high levels of asbestos(石棉)dust, yet only some have, or will develop, respiratory problems such as asbestosis, lung cancer, and emphysema. Researchers have begun only a certain portion to attack

46、 the puzzling problem of work groups that are “hyper susceptible“ to particular chemical agents or toxins. One approach is to use genetic information as a means of differentiating between those who will and will not have adverse reactions to the toxin. At present, there are several known genetic mar

47、kers that signal an individuals predisposition to developing health problems in the presence of certain working conditions. For example, people with a pair of genes deficient in an enzyme called G-6-PD are more likely than others to experience a breakdown of red blood cells and consequent anemia(贫血)

48、when they work with chemicals contained in TNT, or types of antimalarial drugs(抗病药). Recent research also suggests that presence of a defective gene on the eleventh chromosome (染色体)reduces the bodys ability to remove excess cholesterol(胆固醇)deposits from artery walls(动脉壁), thus predisposing carriers

49、of the gene to coronary artery(冠状动脉)disease. Presumably, individuals with this genetic anomaly(异常)would be more likely to have heart problems when stressful job situations are encountered than those without it. Accordingly, genetic screening is based on the premise that individuals have different genetic markers and some of these differences can be used to predict