2013年北京科技大学240单独考试英语考研真题.pdf

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1、第 1 页 共 12 页 北京科技大学 2013 年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 试题编号： 240 试题名称 单独考试英语 （共 12 页） 适用专业： 全校各专业单独考试考生 说明： 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。 Part I: Vocabulary (20 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 point each) Section A Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A.,

2、B., C. and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. 1. Psychological studies show that some people are quick-tempered . A at heart B. on purpose C. in person D. by nature 2. If a person talks about his weak points， his listener is expected to say s

3、omething in the way of . A assures B. encouragement C. persuasion D. confirmation 3. He was high school and college instructors trying to teach him how to think to use the “scientific method“ rather than teaching him the structure of the subject. A put up with B. given way to C. fallen back on D. fe

4、d up with 4. The film was Cezanne， a 50-minute on the painter and his work. A mediation B. medication C. meditation D. metrication 5. You cant work for six hours without a single break its impossible! A. continuously B. continually C. frequently D. often 6. The humour of the play was too for the you

5、ng audience and they rarely laughed. A. detailed B. feeble C. subtle D. slender 7. It is well known that a child does not reach emotional security a good many years after physical maturity. A for B. during C. as long as D. until 8. Mans understanding and his mastering of matter and energy his claim

6、to superiority；provide him with the basis for enriching and deepening human experience. A designate B. deserve C. justify D. illustrate 9. They to investigate the circumstances at the time of the accident and it is now too late to prove anything. A ignored B. intended C. neglected D. disregarded 第 2

7、 页 共 12 页 10. People that vertical flight transports would carry millions of passengers as do the airliners of today. A. convinced B. anticipated C. resolved D. assured Section B Directions: In this section, there are ten sentences with one word or phrase underlined each. Choose one of the four choi

8、ces marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word. 11. She didnt openly attack the plan， but her opposition was implicit in her failure to say anything in support of it. A explicit B. obvious C. decisive D. underlying 12. We will shortl

9、y be arriving in Kings Cross Station. May I remind all passengers to take their luggage with them. A immediately B. directly C. soon D. later 13. Act according to what the laws prescribe and youll have no trouble. A say B. impose C. decide D. defin 14. The matter has been gone into very thoroughly,

10、and we find there are no grounds for the allegations. A. investigated B. explained C. described D. stated 15. The test comprises four sections， namely， Listening， Reading， Vocabulary and Composition with a time limit for each. A consists of B. involves C. indicates D. composes of 16. Being infamous

11、for his dishonesty in business matters， the man had few friends. A fresh B. immediate C. notorious D. famous 17. Some people persist in the practice of some very old customs or traditions just because they enjoy doing so. A endure B. support C. stick to D. continue in 18. Many local authorities real

12、ize the need to make provisions for elderly people in their housing programmes. A assistance B. rooms C. conditions D. supplies 19. He was very careful in whatever he did lest something unfavourable might be written into his record. A if only B. for fear that C. unless D. otherwise 20. The story was

13、 given a prominent position in the front page. A obvious B. clear C. apparent D. noticeable Part II Cloze Test (20 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each) 第 3 页 共 12 页 Directions: For each blank in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given below. Mark your answer on the Answer S

14、heet by drawing with a pencil a short bar across the corresponding letter in the brackets. It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the bases _21_ the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be _22_

15、 in our past experience, which are brought into the present _23_ memory. Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep _24_ available for later use. It includes not only “remembering“ things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also any change in the way an animal typically behaves. Memory is _2

16、5_ when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memory is also involved when a six-year-ole child learns to swing a baseball bat. Memory _26_ not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, cont

17、ain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory-storage capacity of a computer _27_ that of a human being. The instant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100 000 “words“-ready for _28_ use. An average American teenager probably recognizes the meaning

18、s of about 100 000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total _29_ of information which the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of facts and places that the teenager can recognize on sight. The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem-solving intellige

19、nce of human beings. A large part of a persons memory is in terms of words and _30_ of words. 21. A. of B. to C. for D. on 22. A. keep B. found C. sought D. stored 23. A. by B. from C. with D. in 24. A. experiences B. bases C. observations D. information 25. A. called B. taken C. involved D. include

20、d 26. A. exists B. appears C. affects D. seems 27. A. to B. with C. against D. for 28. A. progressive B. instructive C. instant D. protective 29. A. deal B. number C. mount D. amount 30. A. combinations B. connections C. co-ordinations D. collections Part III Reading Comprehension (60 minutes, 40 po

21、ints) Section A (30 points, 1.5 points each) Directions: In this part there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, 第 4 页 共 12 页 each with four suggested answers. Choose the one you think is the best answer and mark your choice on the Answer Sheet. Passage One Questions 31-

22、35 are based on the following passage: The need for solar electricity is clear. It is safe, ecologically sound, efficient, continuously available, and it has no moving parts. The basic problem with the use of solar photovoltaic devices is economics, but until recently very little progress had been m

23、ade toward the development of low-cost photovoltaic devices. The larger part of research funding has been devoted to study of single-crystal silicon solar cells, despite the evidence, including that of the leading manufacturers of crystalline silicon, that the technique holds little promise. The rea

24、son for this pattern is understandable and historical. Crystalline silicon is the active element in the very successful semiconductor industry, and virtually all of the solid state devices contain silicon transistors and diodes. Crystalline silicon, however, is particularly unsuitable to terrestrial

25、 solar cells. Crystalline silicon solar cells work well and are successfully used in the space program, where cost is not an issue. While single-crystal silicon has been proven in extraterrestrial use with efficiencies as high as 18 percent, and other more expensive and scare materials such as galli

26、um arsenide can have even higher efficiencies, costs must be reduced by a factor of more than 100 to make them practical for commercial use. Besides the fact that the starting crystalline silicon is expensive, 95 percent of it is wasted and does not appear in the final device. Recently, there have b

27、een some imaginative attempts to make polycrystalline and ribbon silicon, which are lower in cost than high-quality single crystals; but to date the efficiencies of these apparently lower-cost arrays have been unacceptably small. Moreover, these materials are cheaper only because of the introduction

28、 of disordering in crystalline semiconductors, and disorder degrades the efficiency of crystalline solar cells. This dilemma can be avoided by preparing completely disordered or amorphous materials. Amorphous materials have disordered atomic structure as compared to crystalline materials: that is, t

29、hey have only short-range order rather than the long-range periodicity of crystals. The advantages of amorphous solar cells are impressive. Whereas crystals can be grown as wafers about four inches in diameter, amorphous materials can be grown over large areas in a single process. Whereas crystallin

30、e silicon must be made 200 microns thick to absorb a sufficient amount of sunlight for efficient energy conversion, only 1 micron of the proper amorphous materials is necessary. Crystalline silicon solar cells cost in excess of $100 per square foot, but amorphous films can be created at a cost of ab

31、out 50 per square foot. Although many scientists were aware of the very low cost of amorphous solar cells, they felt that they could never be manufactured with the efficiencies necessary to contribute significantly to 第 5 页 共 12 页 the demand for electric power. This was based on a misconception abou

32、t the feature which determines efficiency. For example, it is not the conductivity of the materials in the dark which is relevant, but only the photoconductivity, that is, the conductivity in the presence of sunlight. Already, solar cells with efficiencies well above 6 percent have been developed us

33、ing amorphous materials, and further research will doubtless find even less costly amorphous materials with higher efficiencies. 31. Whats the major obstacle to the wide use of solar electricity? A. Solar photovoltaic devices are too expensive. B. Little research has been done to study solar cells.

34、C. Solar electricity is neither safe nor efficient. D. The leading manufacturers only produce crystalline silicon for extraterrestrial use. 32. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of crystalline silicon? A. It can be found in nearly all solid state devices in the form of tra

35、nsistors and diodes. B. It is successfully used in the space program with high efficiency. C. It is unsuitable to terrestrial solar cells as it is limited to military use. D. Its use is not economical with a high percentage wasted. 33. The authors attitude toward attempts to make polycrystalline and

36、 ribbon silicon can best be described as _. A. enthusiasm B. optimism C. doubt D. disapproval 34. In Para. 3, the author focuses primarily on _. A. presenting two types of materials for solar cells B. discussing the advantages of amorphous materials over crystalline silicon C. pointing out the feasi

37、bility of using amorphous materials in extraterrestrial programs D. outlining the specific reasons why a problem in solar cells has not yet been solved 35. Which of the following was true of many scientists? A. They felt amorphous materials were too costly. B. They were doubtful whether they could d

38、evelop amorphous solar cells with higher efficiencies. C. They realized that it was the conductivity in the presence of sunlight that was relevant to efficiency. D. They were optimistic about the future use of amorphous materials with higher efficiencies. Passage Two 第 6 页 共 12 页 Questions 36-40 are

39、 based on the following passage: My hands are sweating, my face is breaking out, my heart is pounding, my temper is short. Am I having a heart attack? Am I having a nervous breakdown? No! Final exams are coming up and I am experiencing test anxiety. Is test anxiety destructive? Can we make test anxi

40、ety work for us? The answer to both of these questions is yes. Test anxiety often interferes with student performance but this same test anxiety, if channeled correctly, can help improve performance. The good side of test anxiety is that it causes us to attend to the problem. It motivates us to want

41、 to study and prepare for the exam. Without this catalyst we might never be concerned about preparing for a test. Thus, a little anxiousness shouldnt worry you. Those of us who speak publicly know that a few butterflies in the stomach just prior to a speech means that we will probably do a good job,

42、 that we will focus on our speech and block out extraneous material. However, when stress interferes with your ability to concentrate, then it has reached the destructive state. In order to lessen the destructive elements of test anxiety, the approach should be to develop improved confidence and kno

43、wledge. These two factors go hand in hand. As your knowledge of the course material increases, your confidence in your ability to succeed will increase. As your confidence increases, your anxiety will go down, allowing your knowledge to come through more efficiently. The way you prepare for a test c

44、an reduce anxiety during the test. 36. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of test anxiety? A. Hands are sweating. B. Face is breaking out. C. Heart is pounding. D. Heart attack. 37. According to the passage, test anxiety can benefit us in all of the following ways except that it_. A. motivates

45、us to make good preparation for the test B. helps us to concentrate C. can ensure us a good score in the test D. can help improve performance if channeled correctly 38. Which of the following statement is TRUE about the relationship between test anxiety and confidence and knowledge? A. As your knowl

46、edge of the course material increases, your confidence in your ability to succeed will increase. B. As your confidence increases, your anxiety will go down. C. As your anxiety increases, your knowledge will increase more efficiently. D. Both A) and B) 39. What might be discussed in the following par

47、t of the article? 第 7 页 共 12 页 A. Some specific recommendations for reducing test anxiety B. The negative effects of anxiety on students who take tests C. only poor students have the problem of test anxiety D. only if you are hard-working, you will not have the problem of test anxiety 40. What is th

48、e best title for the passage? A. How to prepare tests? B. Knowledge and preparation for tests C. Test Anxiety: Friend or Foe? D. Is test anxiety destructive? Passage Three Questions 41-45 are based on the following passage: Like her white friends Eleanor Roosevelt and Aubrey Williams, Mary Bethune believed in the fundamental commitment of the New Deal to assist the black Americans struggle and in the need for blacks to assume responsibilities to help win that struggle. Unlike those of her white liberal associates, however, Bethunes ideas had evolved out of a long experience