IEEE 111-2000 en Standard for Wide-Band (Greater Than 1 Decade) Transformers《宽带变压器(大于1个十进位)》.pdf

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1、IEEE Std 111-2000(Revision ofIEEE Std 111-1984)IEEE StandardsIEEE Standard for Wide-Band (GreaterThan 1 Decade) TransformersPublished by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA28 September 2001IEEE Power Electronics SocietySponsored by t

2、heElectronics Transformer Technical CommitteeIEEE StandardsPrint: SH94808PDF: SS94808The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USACopyright 2001 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Published 28 Se

3、ptember 2001. Printed in the United States of America.Print: ISBN 0-7381-1928-8 SH94808PDF: ISBN 0-7381-1926-6 SS94808No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.IEEE Std 111-2000 (R2

4、007)(Revision ofIEEE Std 111-1984)IEEE Standard for Wide-Band (Greater Than 1 Decade) TransformersSponsorElectronics Transformer Technical Committeeof theIEEE Power Electronics SocietyReaffirmed 26 September 2007Approved 8 March 2000IEEE-SA Standards BoardAbstract: Electronics wide-band transformers

5、 transmitting power within a wide band of frequenciescovering typically at least one decade in the frequency spectrum are covered in this standard.Keywords: Balance test, balun, communication transformer, data transformer, harmonic distortion,impedance, insertion loss, matching transformers, return

6、loss, transformer, video transformer,widebandIEEE Standardsdocuments are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards CoordinatingCommittees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE-SA) Standards Board. Members of the committeesserve voluntarily and without compensation. They are not necessa

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15、materials set forth herein.Authorization to photocopy portions of any individual standard for internal or personal use is granted by theInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., provided that the appropriate fee is paid to CopyrightClearance Center. To arrange for payment of licensing

16、 fee, please contact Copyright Clearance Center,Customer Service, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; (978) 750-8400. Permission to photo-copy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through theCopyright Clearance Center.Note: Attention is called

17、 to the possibility that implementation of this standard mayrequire use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard,no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights inconnection therewith. The IEEE shall not be responsible for identi

18、fying patents forwhich a license may be required by an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries intothe legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.Copyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.iiiIntroduction(This introduction is not a part of IEEE Std 111-2000, IEEE Stan

19、dard for Wide-Band (Greater Than 1 Decade)Transformers.)This standard is intended to provide a common ground for understanding between systems engineers andtransformer design engineers. Little published data on transformers is directly useful to engineers designingsystems involving feedback loops. P

20、hase and frequency response data are needed on transformers (and othercomponents) used in these systems. It is the hope that this standard will eventually inuence transformermanufacturers to include such information in their published data on wide-band frequency transformers.This standard is a combi

21、nation of two original standards: IEEE Std 111-1971 and IEEE Std 264-1977. Bothof these standards were rst issued as trial-use documents in 1962 and 1965, respectively. These trial usedocuments were prepared under the chairmanship of A.D. Hasley and J.P. Whistler, respectively.At the time this stand

22、ard was approved, the frequency range subcommittee of the Electronics Transformers Technical Committee of the IEEE Power Electronics Society had the following members:J. DeCramer,Chair*DeceasedWhen the Electronics Transformer Technical Committee balloted and approved this standard, the member-ship w

23、as as follows:J. DeCramer,ChairJ. S. AndresenR. BeersE. D. Belanger*R. P. CareyC. J. ElliottH. FickenscherB. D. GoetheP. K. GoetheR. R. GrantN. R. Grossner*H. E. LeeD. N. RatliffR. L. SellJ. SilgailisJ. TardyB. D. ThrackwrayM. WilkowskiR. WozniakH. YarpezeshkanJ. S. AndresenR. BeersC. J. ElliottB. D

24、. GoetheP. K. GoetheR. R. GrantR. HasegawaA. LotG. SkuttB. D. ThackwrayM. WilkowskiivCopyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this standard on 8 March 2000, it had the followingmembership:Donald N. Heirman,ChairJames T. Carlo,Vice ChairJudith Gorman,Secretar

25、y*Member EmeritusAlso included is the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaison:Alan Cookson, NIST RepresentativeDonald R. Volzka, TAB RepresentativeAndrew D. IckowiczIEEE Standards Project EditorSatish K. AggarwalMark D. BowmanGary R. EngmannHarold E. EpsteinH. Landis FloydJay Forster*How

26、ard M. FrazierRuben D. GarzonJames H. GurneyRichard J. HollemanLowell G. JohnsonRobert J. KennellyJoseph L. Koepnger*Peter H. LipsL. Bruce McClungDaleep C. MohlaJames W. MooreRobert F. MunznerRonald C. PetersenGerald H. PetersonJohn B. PoseyGary S. RobinsonAkio TojoDonald W. ZipseCopyright 2001 IEEE

27、. All rights reserved.vContents1. Scope11.1 General.11.2 Typical types of transformers to which this standard applies12. References33. Definitions34. Symbols.45. Performance tests.65.1 Electrical tests (not recorded)65.2 Electrical tests (recorded)86. Marking186.1 Nameplate markings186.2 Terminal ma

28、rkings.187. Service conditions198. Computations.199. Test methods199.1 Temperature rise tests199.2 Balance tests.209.3 Computations.209.4 Measurement of open-circuit and short-circuit inductance and resistance289.5 Terminated impedance measurement30Annex A (informative) Definitions and discussion.34

29、Annex B (informative) Recommended practice for making electrical tests.36Annex C (informative) Service conditions37Annex D (informative) Methods of computing time delay from phase shift measurements38Copyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.1IEEE Standard for Wide-Band (Greater Than 1 Decade) Transf

30、ormers1. Scope1.1 General This standard pertains to electronics wide-band transformers transmitting power within a wide band offrequencies covering typically at least one decade in the frequency spectrum. It is not intended to apply totransformers optimized to operate within a narrow band of frequen

31、cies. Transformers used in, or in conjunc-tion with, wire line communication facilities serving power stations are excluded due to the special protec-tion requirements involved. Provision is made for including data for use in the design of feedback ampliersand control networks, or other circuits in

32、which the knowledge of the transformer amplitude and phase-frequency response is needed by the system designer. These transformers are required to transform voltagewithin specied tolerances of amplitude and phase when operating between specied impedances. Guides toapplication and test procedures are

33、 included. The annexes within this standard contain certain precautionsand recommended practices.This standard also pertains to hybrid transformers, primarily used in the telecommunications industry. Thehybrid transformer is a wide-band transformer used in a manner which makes it part of a capacitan

34、ce, resis-tance, and/or inductance network, and it must have characteristics which permit it to match the network forproper overall performance.1.2 Typical types of transformers to which this standard applies1.2.1 Audio frequency transformersAudio frequency transformers may cover a limited frequency

35、 range such as that used in voice communica-tions, or may cover a part or all of the frequencies from 5 Hz to 100 000 Hz when used in high delity orsimilar ampliers. Voltages or signals correspond directly to speech or music amplitude and phase variationswithin this range of frequencies. Performance

36、 characteristics one or more octaves beyond the specied rangemay be of interest and specied. Feedback and other windings or taps may be incorporated in the design.The mode or class of amplier operation (i.e., Class A, B, AB, etc.) must be recognized and taken intoconsideration.IEEEStd 111-2000 IEEE

37、STANDARD FOR WIDE-BAND2Copyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.1.2.2 Transducer service transformers Transducer service transformers are stepdown ratio transformers having one or more secondary windingswith or without center taps. The load impedance may be permitted to vary with frequency or with o

38、therparameters, but the transformer performance is generally based on a specic load impedance.1.2.3 Random noise transformersRandom noise transformers are used in vibration machine applications. They are subject to random signalsof varying amplitude and duration. Response may be expressed in terms o

39、f the frequency spectrum but theamplitude variation allowable over the relevant frequency range is much greater than for audio-frequencytransformers because of the Gaussian distribution of random noise. Random noise transformers are oftenincluded in feedback loops. When included in such a loop, thei

40、r amplitude and phase response is of interestand all of the problems listed in 9.3 must be solved in addition to producing a transformer capable ofhandling the amplitude of random noise.1.2.4 Modulation transformersModulation transformers are used in amplitude-modulated transmitters and may employ a

41、 modulationinductor to bypass the nal amplier supply current.The transformer is used in a manner which makes it part of a capacitance, resistance, and inductance net-work, and it must have characteristics which permit it to match the network for proper overall performance.Phase angle, frequency resp

42、onse, and impedances are important measurements and are required to be madein the actual or substitute network with the major elements in place to establish performance. Modulationtransformers are usually designed for specic applications and large units are not considered suitable forgeneral purpose

43、 use.1.2.5 Driver transformersDriver transformers are used to supply power to the control elements of Class AB2and Class B2ampliertubes and transistors.1.2.6 Line-matching transformers Line-matching transformers are used where power is received at one impedance level and delivered atanother.1.2.7 Lo

44、ad-matching autotransformers Load-matching autotransformers are used where power is received at one impedance level and provides out-put tabs at various impedances, and vice versa.1.2.8 Control-system transformersControl-system transformers are used in open- or closed-loop (feedback) control systems

45、. The transformersused in the closed-loop system are subject to signals of a denite carrier frequency, modulated in accordancewith error signals imposed by the control system requirements. The response of these transformers to controlsignals may be expressed either in terms of frequency and phase or

46、 in Laplace terms. In this standard, thephase and amplitude frequency response terms are used.IEEE(GREATER THAN 1DECADE) TRANSFORMERS Std 111-2000Copyright 2001 IEEE. All rights reserved.31.2.9 Ultrasonic frequency transformersUltrasonic frequency transformers are used in various communications and

47、industrial applications in whichthe lowest frequency is higher than 10 kHz.1.2.10 Carrier frequency transformers Carrier frequency transformers transmit signals of specied frequency which are modulated or varied inamplitude, phase, or frequency.1.2.11 Video frequency transformersVideo frequency tran

48、sformers are characterized by an exceptional wide-band transmission characteristicover part or all of the range from 10 Hz to 10 Mhz for composite video, or 50 Mhz to 750 Mhz for commer-cial television applications.Operated from solid-state power source devices. The use of Class AB2or Class B2curren

49、t operation andtheir effect in the secondary winding must be recognized.1.2.12 Single-core hybrid transformersFor single-core hybrid transformers, the hybrid function is provided by a single transformer in conjunctionwith external circuit elements.1.2.13 Two-core hybrid transformersFor two-core hybrid transformers, the hybrid function requires two identical or essentially similar transform-ers in conjunction with external circuits.NOTE: When inductors (reactors) are used in wide-band circuits, the required degree of linearity and self-resonancemust be