ASTM D6201-2018a Standard Test Method for Dynamometer Evaluation of Unleaded Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation.pdf

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1、Designation: D6201 18D6201 18aStandard Test Method forDynamometer Evaluation of Unleaded Spark-Ignition EngineFuel for Intake Valve Deposit Formation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6201; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,

2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers an engine dynamometer test procedure for evaluation of

3、intake valve deposit formation of unleadedspark-ignition engine fuels.2 This test method uses a Ford Ranger 2.3 L four-cylinder engine. This test method includes detailedinformation regarding the procedure, hardware, and operations.1.2 TheASTMTest Monitoring Center (TMC)3 is responsible for engine t

4、est stand calibration as well as issuance of informationletters after test method modifications are approved by Subcommittee D02.A0 and Committee D02. Users of this test method shallrequest copies of recent information letters from the TMC to ensure proper conduct of the test method.1.3 The values s

5、tated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided forinformation only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the

6、user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given throughout this test method.1.5 This test method is arranged as follows:Subject SectionScope 1Refere

7、nced Documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4Significance and Use 5Apparatus 6Laboratory Facilities 6.1Engine and Cylinder Head Build-Up and Measurement Area 6.1.1Engine Operating Area 6.1.2Fuel Injector Testing Area 6.1.3Intake Valve Rinsing and Parts Cleaning Area 6.1.4Parts Rating and Int

8、ake Valve Weighing Area 6.1.5Test Stand Laboratory Equipment 6.2Test Stand Configuration 6.2.1Dynamometer Speed and Load Control System 6.2.2Intake Air Supply System 6.2.3Exhaust System 6.2.4Fuel Supply System 6.2.5Engine Control Calibration 6.2.6Ignition System 6.2.7Engine Coolant System 6.2.8Exter

9、nal Oil System 6.2.9Temperature Measurement Equipment and Locations 6.2.10Pressure Measurement Equipment and Locations 6.2.11Flow Measurement Equipment and Locations 6.2.12Speed and Load Measurement Equipment and Locations 6.2.13Exhaust Emissions Measurement Equipment and Location 6.2.14DPFE (EGR) V

10、oltage Measurement Equipment and Location 6.2.151 This test method is under jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.A0.01 on Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends.Current edition approved July 1, 2018

11、Dec. 1, 2018. Published August 2018December 2018. Originally approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 20142018 asD6201 04 (2014).D6201 18. DOI: 10.1520/D6201-18.10.1520/D6201-18A.2 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Researc

12、h Report RR:D02-1453. Contact ASTM CustomerService at serviceastm.org.3 ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC), 6555 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to th

13、e previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary

14、of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1Subject SectionIgnition Timing Measurement Equipment and Location 6.2.16Test Engine Hardware 6.3Test Engine Parts 6.3.1New Parts Req

15、uired 6.3.2Reusable Engine Parts 6.3.3Special Measurement and Assembly Equipment 6.4Reagents and Materials 7Hazards 8Reference Fuel 9Preparation of Apparatus 10Test Stand Preparation 10.1Engine Block Preparation 10.2Preparation of Miscellaneous Engine Components 10.3Cylinder Head Preparation 10.4Cyl

16、inder Head Assembly 10.5Cylinder Head Installation 10.6Final Engine Assembly 10.7Calibration 11Test Stand Calibration 11.1Instrumentation Calibration 11.2Procedure 12Pretest Procedure 12.1Engine Operating Procedure 12.2Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3End of Test Procedures 12.4Determination

17、of Test Results 13Post-Test Intake Valve Weighing Procedure 13.1Photographs of PartsGeneral 13.2Induction System Rating 13.3Determination of Test Validity-Engine Conformance 13.4Report 14Precision and Bias 15Keywords 16D6201 18a2Subject SectionAnnexesDetailed Specifications and Photographs of Appara

18、tus Annex A1Engine Part Number Listing Annex A2Statistical Equations for Mean and Standard Deviation Annex A31.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of Inter

19、national Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD235 Specification for Mineral Sp

20、irits (Petroleum Spirits) (Hydrocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet EvaporationD525 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Gasoline (Induction Period Method)D873 Tes

21、t Method for Oxidation Stability of Aviation Fuels (Potential Residue Method)D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD1319 Test Method for Hydro

22、carbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1744 Test Method for Determination of Water in Liquid Petroleum Products by Karl Fischer Reagent (Withdrawn 2016)5D2427 Test Method for Determination of C2 through C5 Hydrocarbons in Gasolines by Gas ChromatographyD2622 Te

23、st Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Absorption SpectroscopyD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fu

24、els, and LubricantsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4814 Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine FuelD4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5059 Test M

25、ethods for Lead in Gasoline by X-Ray SpectroscopyD5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Automatic Method) (Withdrawn 2012)5D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)D5302 Test Method for Evaluation ofAutomotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit

26、Formation and Wear in a Spark-IgnitionInternal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions (Withdrawn2003)5D5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini MethodAtmospheric)D5500 Test Method for Vehicle Evaluation of Unleaded Auto

27、motive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel for Intake Valve DepositFormationE203 Test Method for Water Using Volumetric Karl Fischer TitrationE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 ANSI Standard:6MC96.1 Temperature Measurement-Thermocouples2.3 Coordinating Res

28、earch Council (CRC):7CRC Manual 16, Carburetor and Induction System Rating Manual2.4 SAE Standard:8J254 Instrumentation and Techniques for Exhaust Gas Emissions Measurement3. Terminology3.1 For general terminology, refer to Terminology D4175.3.2 Definitions:4 For referencedASTM standards, visit theA

29、STM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.5 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.6 Available from

30、American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.7 Available from the Coordinating Research Council, Inc., 5755 North Point Pkwy, Suite 265, Alpharetta, GA 30022, http:/www.crcao.org.8 Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwe

31、alth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096, http:/www.sae.org.D6201 18a33.2.1 base fuel, nin automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, a material composed primarily of hydrocarbons that may alsocontain oxygenates, anti-oxidants, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators, and dyes but does not contain deposit contr

32、ol or leadadditives. D55003.2.1.1 DiscussionA jurisdiction may set limits on lead content from all sources.3.2.2 blowby, nin internal combustion engines, that portion of the combustion products and unburned air/fuel mixture thatleaks past piston rings into the engine crankcase during operation.3.3 D

33、efinitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 base fuel, nunleaded automotive spark-ignition engine fuel that does not contain a deposit control additive, but maycontain antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators, dyes, or oxygenates, or a combination thereof.3.3.1 deposit control

34、additive, nmaterial added to the base fuel to prevent or remove deposits in the entire engine intakesystem.3.3.1.1 DiscussionFor the purpose of this test method, the performance evaluation of a deposit control additive is limited to the tulip area of intakevalves.3.3.2 exhaust emissions, ncombustion

35、 products from the test fuel including unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide(CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), unreacted oxygen (O2), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx).3.3.3 intake system, ncomponents of the engine whose function it is to prepare and deliver an air/fuel mixture to thecombustion chamber an

36、d includes the throttle, intake manifold, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and positive crankcase ventilation(PCV) ports, cylinder head runners and ports, intake valves, and fuel injectors.3.3.4 intake valve deposit, nmaterial accumulated on the tulip area of the intake valve, generally composed of c

37、arbon, otherfuel, lubricant, and additive decomposition products, and atmospheric contaminants.3.3.5 test fuel, nbase fuel with or without the addition of a deposit control additive.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method utilizes a 1994 Ford 2.3 L in-line, four cylinder, Ford Ranger truck eng

38、ine with 49 state emissioncalibration. The cylinder block and cylinder head are constructed of cast iron. The engine features an overhead camshaft, across-flow, fast burn cylinder head design, and electronic port fuel injection.4.2 Each test engine is built to a rigid set of specifications using a s

39、pecially designated intake valve deposit parts kit producedby the Ford Motor Co. (see Table A2.3). New, weighed, intake valves are used to rebuild the cylinder head. A standard engine oilis used for each test and a new oil filter is installed. The test engine is subjected to a rigorous quality contr

40、ol procedure to verifyproper engine operation. To ensure compliance with the test objective, data acquisition of key parameters is utilized during testoperation.4.3 The complete fuel system is flushed of test fuel from the previous test. The fuel system is then filled with the new test fuel.4.4 The

41、engine is operated on a cycle consisting of two stages. The first stage comprises operating the engine at 2000 rmin and30.6 kPa (230 mm Hg) manifold absolute pressure for 4 min. The second stage comprises operating the engine at 2800 rmin and71.8 kPa (540 mm Hg) manifold absolute pressure for 8 min.

42、 Ramp time between each stage is 30 s and is independent of the stagetimes. The cycle is repeated for 100 h.5. Significance and Use5.1 Test MethodThe Coordinating Research Council sponsored testing to develop this test method to evaluate a fuelstendency to form intake valve deposits.5.1.1 State and

43、Federal Legislative and Regulatory ActionRegulatory action by CaliforniaAir Resources Board (CARB)9 andthe United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)10 necessitate the acceptance of a standardized test method to evaluatethe intake system deposit forming tendency of an automotive spark-ignit

44、ion engine fuel.5.1.2 Relevance of ResultsThe operating conditions and design of the engine used in this test method are not representativeof all engines. These factors shall be considered when interpreting test results.9 State of California Air Resources BoardStationary Source Division, Test Method

45、 for Evaluating Intake Valve Deposits (IVDs) in Vehicle Engines (California Codeof Regulations, Title 13, Section 2257). Available from the California Air Resources Board, P.O. Box 2815, Sacramento, CA 95812.10 Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Go

46、vernment Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.D6201 18a45.2 Test Validity:5.2.1 Procedural ComplianceThe test results are not considered valid unless the test is completed in compliance with allrequirements of this test method. Deviations from the parameter limits presented in Sections 12 14 will r

47、esult in an invalid test.Apply engineering judgment during conduct of the test method when assessing any anomalies to ensure validity of the test results.5.2.2 Engine ComplianceAtest is not considered valid unless the test engine meets the quality control inspection requirementsas described in Secti

48、ons 10 and 12.6. ApparatusNOTE 1Photographs are provided in Annex A1 depicting the required apparatus and suggesting appropriate design details.6.1 Laboratory Facilities:6.1.1 Engine and Cylinder Head Build-up and Measurement AreaThe engine and cylinder head build-up and measurementarea shall be rea

49、sonably free from contaminants and maintained at a uniform temperature 63 C (65 F) between 10 C to 27 C(50 F to 80 F).6.1.2 Engine Operating AreaThe engine operating area should be relatively free from contaminants. The temperature andhumidity level of the operating area are not specified. Air from a fan can be routed on to the production air intake system to assistin maintaining intake air temperature control.6.1.3 Fuel Injector Testing AreaThe fuel injector testing area shall be reasonably free of contaminants. The humidity shouldbe mai